Understanding the Principles and Elements of Art: A Study on Artists and Artisans - Prof. , Lecture notes of Art

Download Understanding the Principles and Elements of Art: A Study on Artists and Artisans - Prof. and more Lecture notes Art in PDF only on Docsity! MODULE 5 Artists and Artisans Site: New Era University Virtual Learning Environment Course: GECAAP-18/HUM 1 - Art Appreciation Book: MODULE 5 Artists and Artisans Printed by: Windy Marie S. Lazaro Date: Tuesday, 12 March 2024, 6:48 AM 3/12/24, 6:48 AM Page 1 of 12 Table of contents 1. Introduction/Overview 2. Learning Outcomes 3. MODULE 5 Artists and Artisans 3/12/24, 6:48 AM Page 2 of 12 3. MODULE 5 Artists and Artisans  The Artists in the World of Art            An artist is a person engaged in an activity related to creating art, practicing the arts, or demonstrating an art.    An artist on the hand is dedicated only to the creative side, making  visually pleasing work only for the enjoyment and appreciation  of the viewer, but with no functional value.  An artist is a person who exhibits exceptional skills in design, drawing, painting, and the like who works in one of the performing arts, like an actor or musician.  Unlike other people, he is more sensitive and more creative.  He possesses, to an unusual degree, the knack for interpreting ideas into artistic form through the use of words, pigments, stone, notes, or any of the other materials used by artists.  When he sees or learns something that impresses him, he expresses himself in one medium or another so that others may understand it too.  He, thus, learns to project his creative impulse through the symbols of his art- a picture, a poem, or a piece of music according to his present inspiration and his training.  His process of creation, however, differs from that of an amateur or beginner only in degree. (Sanchez, C.; Abad, P., Jao, L. 2011). Watch and learn from this video.            The word” artist” is generally deZned as an art practitioner, such as a painter, sculptor, choreographer, dancer, writer poet, musicians, and the like who produces or creates indirectly functional arts with aesthetic value using imagination.  Artists are creative individuals who use their imagination and skills to communicate in an art form.  Artists look to many sources for inspiration.  Some look forward to their natural and cultural environment for ideas: others look within themselves for creative motivation.  Artists exhibit the courage to take risk.  They are willing to work intensely for long period of time to achieve their goals.  Some artists are self-taught (folk-artist) because they are not educated in traditional artistic methods.  Just like the artists, the artisan learns skills and techniques from some other artists but eventually, both artists and artisans develop their own unique styles. Watch and learn from this video. 3/12/24, 6:48 AM Page 5 of 12          The artist’s credo “art for art’s sake” implies that beauty is the reason for the artwork.  Thus, the artist must concern is the minds of the viewers or readers.  The artists communicate his thoughts, fantasies, observations, and self-revelation through his art.  He seeks to open our eyes and ears that we may see the world more clearly and Znd the meaning of the arts in our lives.  Thus, our role is to sense what the artist is trying to tell us through his artwork. Artists are called by many varied names.  There are artists in the visual arts, literature, music and dance.  Key Components of the Art Market 1.  Curator. Curation is a field of endeavor involved with assembling, managing and presenting some type of collection.  Curators of art galleries and museums, for example, research, select and acquire pieces for their institutions’ collections and oversee interpretation, displays and exhibits.  A curator who is a manager or overseer and usually a curator or keeper of a cultural heritage institution (gallery, museum, library or archive) is a content specialist charged with an institution’s collections, selecting art to be displayed in museum, organizing art exhibitions in galleries or public places, researching artist and writing catalogs and involved with the interpretation of heritage. 2.  Art Buyer.  An art buyer is a professional who is knowledgeable in art who may scout talents for an advertising agency seeking to employ an art director, or who may look for an art for collector or company. 3.  Art Dealer.  An art dealer is a person or a company that buys and sells works of art.  Art dealers often study the history of art before starting their careers.  They keep up the trends in the market and are knowledgeable about the style of art that people want to buy.  They figure out how much they should pay for a piece and then estimate the resale price.  To determine the artwork’s value, dealer inspect the objects or paintings closely and compare the fine details with similar places. 4.  Private Collection.  This is personal owned collection of works, usually collection of art in museum or art-gallery environment, the term signifies that a certain work is not owned by the institution, but is on loan from an individual or organization, either for temporary exhibition or for the long term.  The source is usually from an art collector, although it could be from a school, church organization, from bank or from other private company or any institution. Three Stages in Art Art making can be associated with art exploration, concept development, and art production.  In the creative process, the artist undergoes three stages of experience, which are popularly known as preproduction, production, and postproduction 1.  Pre-Production or Subject Development.  This ends when the planning ends.  and the content starts being produced. 2.  Production or Medium Manipulation.  This is a method of joining diverse material inputs and unimportant inputs. The production process is concerned with transforming a range of inputs into those outputs that are required by the market. This involves two main sets of resources, and the transformed resources. Any production process involves a series of links in a  production chain.  At each stage value is added in the course of production.  Adding value involves making a product more desirable to a consumer so that they will pay more for it.  Adding value, therefore, is not just about manufacturing, but includes advertising promotion and distribution that make the final product more desirable. 3.  Post Production. This refers to completion or exhibition.  Once an artwork is finished, it will be displayed. The Medium and Technique Medium comes from the Latin word medium, denotes the means by which the artist communicates his idea. Medium refers to the materials that are used by an artist to create a work for art.  Without the medium, an idea remains a concept, or it would just dwell in the walls of the artist’s imagination.  It is challenging to manipulate medium and transform it from its raw state.  The plural of medium is media.  Some of the most common media are oil paints (paints that use oil to hold pigments together) tempera (pigments held together with egg yolk) marble (soft, white stone), and bronze (a metal used to cast sculptures). Pigment: natural or synthetic colored materials finely ground into power clay, gemstones, minerals, plants and insects.   Binder: Holds The Pigment Together And Adheres The Paint To A Surface, Egg Yolks, Oil And Wax. Solvent: can be added to thin or thicken paint, slow or speed up its drying time with oil or water. 3/12/24, 6:48 AM Page 6 of 12 Technique refers to the artist’s ability and knowledge or technical know-how in manipulating the medium.  It is the manner by which the artist controls the medium to achieve the desired effect; thus, it is in the technique that artists differ from one another. It also refers to the manner and ability with which an artist, writer, dancer athlete, or the like employs the technical skills of a particular art or field of endeavor. Two classifications of Medium 1.  Visual Art.  The medium can be seen and which occupy space. 2.  Auditory and Time.  The medium used can be heard and which are expressed in time The Artisan           An artisan (from French artisan Italian artigiano) is a skilled craft worker who makes or creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative for example furniture, decorative arts sculptures, clothing jewelry, food items, household items and tools or even mechanisms such as the handmade clockwork movement of a watchmaker.  The artisan is a craftsman, such as carpenter, carver, plumber, blacksmith, weaver, embroiderer, and the like who produces directly functional and or decorative arts.  Artisan help us in meeting our basic needs, such as food, clothing, dwelling, furniture, and kitchen utensils: they craft everything that makes our life easy.  The artisan’s works are useful, relevant, and essential in our daily life.             The artisan is basically a physical worker who makes objects with his or her hands, and through skill, experience, and ability can produce things of great beauty, as well as usefulness.  Artisans are devoted only to the creative part, making visually pleasant work only for the gratiZcation and appreciation of the viewer. An artisan process is one that relies on the skills of workers over strong processes.  In the past, artisans were held in extremely high regard.  This was primary due, though, to the lack of a reasonable alternative to obtain high quality goods. Recognitions for the Artists and Artisans A.  National Artists of the Philippines 1. Who is a national artist? A National Artists is a Filipino citizen who has been given the rank and title of National Artist in recognition of his or her significant contributions to the development of Philippine Arts and Letters.  The rank and Title of National Artist is conferred by means of a Presidential Proclamation.  It recognizes excellence in the fields of Music, Dance, Theater, Visual Arts, Literature, Film and Broadcast Arts and Architecture or Allied Arts. (https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/the-order-of- national-artists/).  Fernando Amorsolo, the painter who was named as the “ Grand Old Man of Philippine Art” was the very first recipient and sole awardee of a National Artists for Visual Arts in the year 1972. 2. What is the Order of the National Artists? Those who have been proclaimed National Artists are given a Grand Collar symbolizing their status.  Recipients of this Grand Collar make up the Order of National Artists.  The Order of National Artists (Orden ng Gawad Pambansang Alagad ng Sining) is thus a rank, title, and a wearable award that represents the highest national recognition given to Filipinos who have made distinct contributions in the field of arts and letters.  It is jointly administered by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCCA) and the Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP), and is conferred by the President of the Philippines upon recommendation by both institutions. As one of the honors of the Philippines, it embodies the nation’s highest ideals in humanism and aesthetic expression through the distinct achievements of individual citizens.  The Order of National Artists shares similarities with orders, decorations, and medals of other countries recognizing contributions to their national culture such as the U.S. National Medal for the Arts, and the Order of Culture of Japan.  Based on the rules of the National Commission on Culture and the Arts, the Order of National Artists should be conferred every three years. 3. What are the criteria for the Order of National Artists? a.  Living artists who are Filipino citizens at the time of nomination, as well as those who died after the establishment of the award in 1972 but were Filipino citizens at the time of their death; b.  Artists, who, through the content and form of their works, have contributed in building a Filipino sense of nationhood; c.  Artists who have pioneered in a mode of creative expression or style, thus earning distinction and making an impact on succeeding generation of artists; 3/12/24, 6:48 AM Page 7 of 12 Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan or GAMABA is an award that acknowledges folk and indigenous artists who, despite the modern times, remain true to their traditions.  It is administered by the National Commission for Culture and the Arts (NCAA) through Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan Committee. GAMABA began as a project of the Philippine Rotary Club Makati- Ayala.  In 1992, it was adopted by the government and institutionalized Republic Act No. 7355.  This award aims to support and motivate these artists to preserve their artistic heritage for the present and future generations.  These artists are also recognized as the country’s National Living Treasures. The Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan (GAMABA) or the National Living Treasures Award gives recognition to Filipino traditional craftsmen or artisans whose skills have reached a high level of technical and artistic excellence and who are tasked to pass on the present generation knowledge threatened with extinction. NCCA chairman Felipe de Leon, Jr. spearheaded the institutionalization of the award.  The law was authored by senators Edgardo J.  Angara, Heherson Alvarez, Leticia Ramos-Shalani, Sotero Laurel and congresswoman Kate Gordon. On April 3, 1992, President Corazon C.  Aquino signed Republic Act No. 7355, providing for the recognition of the national living treasures, otherwise known as the Manlilikha ng Bayan, and the promotion and development of traditional folk arts. On December 17, 199, the first awarding ceremony for Gawad sa Manlilikha ng Bayan was held at the Malacanang Palace.                   (https://ncca.gov.ph/about-culture-and-arts/culture-proZle/gamaba/).   2. How does one become a Manlilikha ng Bayan? To become a “Manlilikha ng Bayan”, the candidate must possess the following: a.  He/She is an inhabitant of an indigenous/traditional cultural community anywhere in the Philippines that has preserved indigenous customs, belief, rituals and traditions and traditions and/or has syncretized whatever external elements that have influenced it. b. He/She must have engaged in a folk art tradition that has been in existence and documented for at least fifty (50) years. c. He/She must have consistently performed or produced over significant period, works of superior and distinctive quality. d. He/She must possess a mastery of tools and materials needed by the art, and must have an established reputation in the arts as master and maker of works of extraordinary technical quality. e. He/She must have passed on and/or will pass on to other members of the community is traditionally known. A traditional artist who possesses all the qualities of a Manlilikha ng Bayan candidate, but due to age or inZrmity has left him/her incapable of teaching further his/her craft, may still recognize if: a. He/She has created a signiZcant body of works and/or has consistently displayed excellence in the practice of his/her art, thus achieving important contributions for its development. b. He/She has been instrumental in the revitalization of his/her community’s artistic tradition. c. He/She has passed on to the other members of the community skills in the folk art for which the community the community is traditionally known. d. His/Her community has recognized him/her as master teacher of his/her craft.   3. What are the incentives received by the awardee?   A Manlilikha ng Bayan awardee receives a specially designed medallion, an initial grant of P100,000 and P10,000 monthly stipends for life.  In consonance with the provision of Republic Act No. 7355, which states that “the monetary grant may be increased whenever circumstances so warrant, “the NCCA board approved monthly personal allowance of P14,000 for the awardees as well as a maximum cumulative amount of P750,000 medical and hospitalization benefit annually similar to that received by the National Artists and funeral assistance/tribute fit for a National Living Treasure.    Watch and learn from this video. 3/12/24, 6:48 AM Page 10 of 12 Guide Questions 1. Compare and contrast the artist and artisan. 2. Why is it important to understand the medium used by an artist in creating art? 3. How do you evaluate the medium used by modern artists of contemporary arts? 4. What is the relation of the medium and the value of the art? 5. What do you think are the factors affecting the artist in choosing a particular medium for his art? 6. How may the art techniques help to determine the skills of the artist?  References:  Ariola, Mariano M. (2014). Introduction to Art Appreciation. Quezon City:C&E Publishing, Inc.  De Botton, Alain and Armstrong, John.(2014). Art as Therapy. London: Phaidon Press Inc.  Sanchez, Custodian A. et al. (2011).Introduction to Humanities. Quezon City: Rex Printing Co., Inc  Gayeta, Macario, G. et. al. (2010). Art: Texts and Contexts, An Interactive Workbook in Humanities. Malabon City: Jimczyville Publications.  Estolas, Josefina V. et. al. (2008). Introduction to Humanities. Mandaluyong City: National Bookstore.  Ortiz, Ma. Aurora R. et. al. (1976). Art: Perception and Appreciation. Manila: University of the East  Van de Bogart, Doris. (1970). Introduction to the Humanities. New York: Barnes & Noble Inc.               3/12/24, 6:48 AM Page 11 of 12                                 3/12/24, 6:48 AM Page 12 of 12