Art & Jervis: International Politics | PSCI - International Relations, Quizzes of International Relations

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TERM 1 Melian Dialogue DEFINITION 1 The Melian dialogue, contained in Thucydides's History of the Peloponnesian War, is an account of the confrontation in 416-415 BC, between the Athenians and the people of Melos, a small island in the southern Aegean Sea.Self-interest is paramountTakeaway: "The strong do what they have the power to do and the weak accept what they have to accept"Classical Realism TERM 2 Waltz The Anarchic Structure of World Politics DEFINITION 2 From Theory of International Politics3rd image: structure of the system determines international relationsOrdering Principles:The system is anarchic, states are motivated by a desire to survive, act in their own self-interestCharacter of units:Like units, internal structures irrelevant, sovereignty but bound by other states' influenceDistribution of CapabilitesDetermines relative power (structure), no other characteristics matter TERM 3 Themistocles DEFINITION 3 massive ambition, natural talent for leadershipSuccessful Athenian general in the Persian warConvinced the Athenians to abandon their cities and take to their ships, credited with fortificationAccused of treachery and exiled, so he became an advisor to the Persian kingStill held in esteem by Thucydides TERM 4 Pausanias DEFINITION 4 Spartan general and kingFailed to respond to a letter (which was intercepted) calling him to battle after the Persian War, so he was condemned and then exiled.Became an advisor to the Persian king, hatching a plot to conquer SpartaPortrayed as brutal and corrupt TERM 5 Neo-Liberal Institutionalism DEFINITION 5 1. Anarchic international Structure2. States are primary actors, but IOs, NGOs, and MNCs also play roles3. States are rational actors, act in their own self-interest4. States goals: survival, then power, then cooperation5. Relative gains are paramount but are usually not easily recognizable in the context of international relations so ABSOLUTE GAINS serve as motivation for action TERM 6 Asabiyya DEFINITION 6 `Asabiyya or asabiyah refers to social solidarity with an emphasis on group consciousness and sense of shared purpose, and social cohesion, originally in a context of "tribalism" and "clanism". Pre-Absolutism - ReligionAbsolutism -Post-absolutism - Nationalims TERM 7 Congress of Vienna DEFINITION 7 1815, concluded just after Napoleon's final defeat at WaterlooFrench (Tallyrand) were included, not embarrassedset up new BoP for 30 years when there were all those nationalist revolutions and, eventually, German unification wars TERM 8 Classical Realism DEFINITION 8 The norm in IR is conflict. Our goals as scholars and diplomats is to avoid it.Religion, culture, education (only sometimes) are safeguards against natural inclinations towards violenceHobbes, Ibn Khaldun, Thucydides, Machiavelli TERM 9 Meeting in Sparta at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War DEFINITION 9 Athens defends itself against SpartaWe won for Greece in the Persian war, and we emerged as the strongest polity. We deserve to have our empire.Athenian thesis: Desire for empire arises from 3 things:Fear, interest in profit, and honor or gloryIt's only natural for a strong state to want to expand into an empire TERM 10 Mytilenian Dialogue DEFINITION 10 Athens is voting on whether to put to death the rebellious MytileniansCleon argues that they should put to death the Mytilenians to show consistence, strength.Don't feel decency, don't feel pity, don't be carried away by a clever argumentDiodotus argues for calm deliberation, saying that Athens's best interest is served by showing moderation and sparing those who have done only what is in their nature to do TERM 21 Walt DEFINITION 21 Alliances: Balancing and BandwagoningWhat makes a state a threat?Proximity, Power, and Agressiveness TERM 22 Keohane DEFINITION 22 International Institutions: Can Interdependence Work?Neo-liberal institutionalism!We have moved on from explaining why IOs exist to explaining the conditions under which cooperation is likely: Reciprocity and TransparencyEconomics and politics have traditionally been studied seperately, but he wants to look at them together (Liberalism, mercantilism, and marxism - Gilpin)You can't discount the Realist perspective (Relative gains matter), but, in a liberal system, relative economic gains are importantTheory of hegemonic war (Athens and Sparta) TERM 23 Gilpin DEFINITION 23 The Nature of the Political EconomyStudies the effects of economics on politics and vice-versa in terms of Liberalism, Marxism, and Mercantilism TERM 24 Roberts DEFINITION 24 The United Nations and International SecurityWriting in summer 1993 (before Bosnia, Rwanda, and Libya, and the fallout from Somalia maybe because he doesn't mention it even though it happened in March...) TERM 25 What to include on an ID question DEFINITION 25 DefinitionAuthorArgumentRelation to IR (theory, practice/examples)Contradictory or supporting opinions