ASCP Phlebotomy Certification Exam Study Guide with Solutions, Exams of Nursing

Download ASCP Phlebotomy Certification Exam Study Guide with Solutions and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! ASCP PHLEBOTOMY CERTIFICATION EXAM| 172 QUESTIONS| WITH COMPLETE SOLUTIONS// 1. DISINFECTANTS ARE: - ✅✅✅CHEMICALS THAT ARE USED TO REMOVE OR KILL PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISMS 2. BABIES WHOSE MOTHERS HAVE WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING PROBLEMS MUST BE ISOLATED FROM OTHER INFANTS? - ✅✅✅GENITAL HERPES 3. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A VECTOR IN TRANSMITTING INFECTIOUS DISEASES? - ✅✅✅MITES 4. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A COMMONLY IDENTIFIED PATHOGENIC MICROORGANISM THAT CAUSES HEALTH CARE ASSOCIATED SKIN INFECTIONS? - ✅✅✅CANDIDA ALBICANS 5. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ORGANIZATIONS OVERSEES THE INVESTIGATION AND CONTROL OF VARIOUS DISEASES ESPECIALLY THOSE THAT ARE COMMUNICABLE? - ✅✅✅CDC 6. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A COMMONLY IDENTIFIED PATHOGENIC AGENT THAT AFFECTS THE SKIN? - ✅✅✅HERPES VIRUS 7. REVERSE ISOLATION IS COMMONLY USED FOR PATIENTS WHO HAVE: - ✅✅✅IMMUNODEFICIENCY DISORDERS 8. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A COMMONLY IDENTIFIED CAUSATIVE AGENT OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS IN THE NURSERY UNIT? - ✅✅✅ESCHERICHIA COLI 9. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS IS AN ANTISEPTIC FOR SKIN? - ✅✅✅HEXYLRESORCINOL 10. A PHLEBOTOMIST HAD TO AVOID CONTACT WITH PATIENTS FOR 24 HOURS AFTER BEING STARTED ON AN APPROPRIATE ANTIBIOTIC AND APPEARING SYMPTOM FREE. WHAT TYPE OF INFECTION COULD HE OR SHE HAVE ACQUIRED FOR THE ABOVE WORK LIMITATIONS TO APPLY? - ✅✅✅STREP THROAT (GROUP A) 1 11. THE HICPAC TRANSMISSION BASED PRECAUTIONS INCLUDE: - ✅✅✅AIRBORNE, DROPLET, AND CONTACT 12. ABOUT HOW MANY PATIENTS ACQUIRE A NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION ANNUALLY? - ✅✅✅1.75 TO 3 MILLION 13. A HEALTH CARE ACQUIRED INFECTION OCCURS WHEN: - ✅✅✅THE CHAIN OF INFECTION IS COMPLETE 14. IN HEALTH CARE FACILITIES, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A TYPICAL FOMITE? - ✅✅✅PHLEBOTOMY TRAY 15. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A FACTOR THAT INCREASES A HOST'S SUSCEPTIBILITY IN THE CHAIN OF INFECTION? - ✅✅✅DRUG USE 16. ANTISEPTICS FOR SKIN INCLUDE: - ✅✅✅IODINE 17. IF AN ELECTRICAL ACCIDENT OCCURS INVOLVING ELECTRICAL SHOCK TO AN EMPLOYEE OR A PATIENT, THE FIRST THING THAT THE HEALTH CARE PROVIDER SHOULD DO IS: - ✅✅✅SHUT OFF THE ELECTRICAL POWER 18. WHAT THE MAJOR PRINCIPLES OF SELF PROTECTION FROM RADIATION EXPOSURE? - ✅✅✅TIME, DISTANCE, AND SHIELDING 19. THE FIRST STEP IN GIVING MOUTH TO MOUTH RESUSCITATION IS TO: - ✅✅✅DETERMINE WHETHER THE VICTIM IS CONSCIOUS BY GENTLY TAPPING THE SHOULDERS OF THE VICTIM AND SPEAKING LOUDLY, "ARE YOU OKAY?" 20. IF A FIRE EXTINGUISHER HAS TO BE USED IN A HEALTH CARE ENVIRONMENT, THE FIRST STEP TO PERFORM IS: - ✅✅✅PULL THE PIN OFF OF THE EXTINGUISHER 2 45. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CHEMICALS SHOULD BE USED TO DISINFECT TOURNIQUETS AND ITEMS CONTAMINATED WITH BLOOD? - ✅✅✅1:10 DILUTION OF CHLORINE BLEACH 46. IN THE PROCESS OF PREPARING TO ENTER A PATIENT'S ISOLATION ROOM, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WOULD OCCUR FIRST? - ✅✅✅DONNING MASK 47. IF A HEALTH CARE PROVIDER HEARS A FIRE ALARM AS SHE OR HE IS COLLECTING BLOOD FROM A PATIENT, SHE OR HE SHOULD NOT: - ✅✅✅RUN 48. WHICH STRUCTURE GOVERNS THE FUNCTIONS OF THE INDIVIDUAL CELL, SUCH AS GROWTH, REPAIR, REPRODUCTION AND METABOLISM? - ✅✅✅NUCLEUS 49. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN AGENCY OF THE U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR THAT REQUIRES EMPLOYERS TO PROVIDE MEASURES THAT WILL PROTECT WORKERS EXPOSED TO BIOLOGICAL HAZARDS? - ✅✅✅OSHA 50. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS NEEDED FOR CLEANUP OF A CHEMICAL SPILL? - ✅✅✅RUBBER GLOVES 51. THE TERM STAT REFERS TO: - ✅✅✅IMMEDIATE AND URGENT SPECIMEN COLLECTION 52. ARTERIES DIFFER FROM VEINS IN WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING WAYS? - ✅✅✅THICKER VESSEL WALLS WITH A PULSATING FEEL 53. STEPS IN THE IDENTIFICATION PROCESS SHOULD INCLUDE: - ✅✅✅A 3-WAY MATCH WITH VERBAL, ID BRACELET, AND REQUISITION INFORMATION 54. WHEN A PATIENT HAS "DIFFICULT" VEINS, WHAT STRATEGIES, IF ANY, CAN BE USED TO IMPROVE THE LIKELIHOOD OF A SUCCESSFUL PUNCTURE? - ✅✅✅SLIGHT ROTATION OF THE PATIENT'S ARM TO A DIFFERENT POSITION, WARMING THE SITE, AND PALPATING THE ENTIRE ANTECUBITAL AREA TO TRACE VEIN PATH 5 55. DURING THE VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE, WHAT SHOULD THE PHLEBOTOMIST DO AFTER THE NEEDLE IS INSERTED AND BLOOD BEGINS TO FLOW? - ✅✅✅RELEASE THE TOURNIQUET 56. WHICH SPECIMEN COLLECTION TUBE IS COMMONLY USED FOR HEMATOLOGY TESTS? - ✅✅✅EDTA 57. IF A VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE IS ALMOST COMPLETED AND SUDDENLY YOU SEE HINTS OF A HEMATOMA BEGINNING TO FORM, WHAT SHOULD YOU DO? - ✅✅✅DISCONTINUE THE PROCEDURE AND APPLY PRESSURE WITH GAUZE 58. IF A PATIENT IS FRAIL AND HAS A TENDENCY TO FAINT, WHAT EQUIPMENT, IF ANY, WOULD BE HELPFUL IN THE SPECIMEN COLLECTION PROCESS? - ✅✅✅A RECLINER 59. IF ARM VEINS CANNOT BE USED FOR A VENIPUNCTURE, THE PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE VEINS LIE IN THE: - ✅✅✅DORSAL SIDE OF THE HAND OR WRIST 60. WHICH SPECIMEN COLLECTION TUBE IS COMMONLY USED FOR HEMOSTASIS TESTS? - ✅✅✅SODIUM CITRATE 61. IF A PATIENT HAS A BRUISE IN THE ANTECUBITAL AREA OF HIS RIGHT ARM (HIS NONDOMINANT ARM), WHAT ALTERNATE SITE SHOULD BE CONSIDERED? - ✅✅✅THE ANTECUBITAL AREA OF THE LEFT ARM 62. SPECIMENS MAY BE REJECTED FOR A VARIETY OF REASONS, MOST OF WHICH CAN BE PREVENTED BY EXPERIENCED PROFESSIONAL PHLEBOTOMISTS. IDENTIFY ONE REASON FOR SPECIMEN REJECTION THAT RELATES TO UNNECESSARY, BUT EXCESSIVE, MIXING OF THE SPECIMEN. - ✅✅✅SPECIMEN IS HEMOLYZED 63. PRIOR TO PERFORMING A VENIPUNCTURE, WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO GET INFORMATION ABOUT WHETHER OR NOT THE PATIENT HAS EATEN RECENTLY? - ✅✅✅LABORATORY TESTS CAN BE AFFECTED BY THE INGESTION OF FOOD AND DRINK 64. WHERE SHOULD THE TOURNIQUET BE PLACED ON THE PATIENT DURING THE VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE? - ✅✅✅3 INCHES ABOVE THE VENIPUNCTURE SITE 6 65. WHEN COLLECTING A BLOOD SPECIMEN WITH THE BUTTERFLY METHOD AND PT, PTT TESTS ARE THE ONLY TESTS ORDERED, WHAT IS THE CORRECT PROCEDURE? - ✅✅✅USE A DISCARD TUBE, THEN COLLECT A SODIUM CITRATE TUBE 66. WHEN THE EVACUATED TUBE METHOD IS USED FOR VENIPUNCTURE, SELECT THE CORRECT ORDER OF COLLECTION FOR THE FOLLOWING TUBES: BLOOD CULTURE TUBES, COAGULATION TUBE, AND HEMATOLOGY TUBE. CHOOSE THE ORDER OF TUBES BY THEIR COLOR OF CLOSURES. - ✅✅✅YELLOW BLOOD CULTURE TUBES, BLUE, LAVENDER 67. FINGERSTICK PROCEDURES CANNOT BE PERFORMED WHEN WHICH TEST IS ORDERED? - ✅✅✅BLOOD CULTURES 68. GENERALLY SPEAKING, WHAT SHOULD THE PHLEBOTOMIST DO WITH THE FIRST DROP OF BLOOD AFTER A FINGERSTICK IS PERFORMED? - ✅✅✅WIPE IT OFF WITH GAUZE 69. IN MAKING A BLOOD SMEAR OR SLIDE, AFTER THE DROP OF BLOOD HAS BEEN SPREAD ACROSS THE GLASS SIDE WHAT IS THE NEXT STEP? - ✅✅✅ALLOW IT TO AIR DRY 70. EXCESSIVE MASSAGING OR MILKING OF THE FINGER DURING A SKIN PUNCTURE PROCEDURE CAN CAUSE: - ✅✅✅HEMOLYSIS AND CONTAMINATION OF THE SPECIMEN WITH TISSUE FLUIDS 71. ANOTHER INSTANCE WHEN A FINGERSTICK SHOULD NOT BE PERFORMED ON A PATIENT IS WHEN THE FOLLOWING HAS BEEN ORDERED: - ✅✅✅COAGULATION TESTS 72. LABELED SKIN PUNCTURE SPECIMENS SHOULD INCLUDE THE: - ✅✅✅PATIENT'S NAME AND IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, PHLEBOTOMIST'S INITIALS, AND TIME AND DATE OF COLLECTION 73. SKIN PUNCTURE BLOOD IS COMPOSED OF: - ✅✅✅BLOOD FROM ARTERIOLES AND VENULES 74. WHAT IS THE BEST ANGLE FOR SPREADING A BLOOD SMEAR BY USING TWO GLASS SLIDES: - ✅✅✅30 DEGREES 7 96. WHEN USING THE SYRINGE METHOD TO COLLECT A BLOOD SPECIMEN, HOW IS THE BLOOD ADDED INTO ADDITIVE AND NONADDITIVE TUBES? - ✅✅✅USING A SYRINGE TRANSFER DEVICE ATTACHED TO THE SYRINGE, INSERT EACH TUBE IN THE DEVICE AND ALLOW THE BLOOD TO FLOW FREELY 97. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CONDITIONS CAN HAVE ADVERSE EFFECT ON THE QUALITY OF A FINGERSTICK? - ✅✅✅ALWAYS USING THE FIRST DROP OF BLOOD 98. FOR SPECIMENS THAT REQUIRE CENTRIFUGATION, SERUM OR PLASMA SHOULD BE REMOVED FROM THE CELLS WITHIN WHAT PERIOD OF TIME? - ✅✅✅2 HOURS 99. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION IS ESSENTIAL FOR LABELING A PATIENT'S SPECIMEN? - ✅✅✅THE PATIENT'S NAME AND IDENTIFICATION NUMBER, DATE AND TIME OF COLLECTION, THE PHLEBOTOMIST'S INITIALS 100. NAILS CAN GROW AT A RATE OF ABOUT: - ✅✅✅0.1 MM PER DAY 101. USING AN ANTISEPTIC FOR CLEANSING THE SKIN PRIOR TO A VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH PHASE OF LABORATORY TESTING? - ✅✅✅PREEXAMINATION/PREANALYTICAL 102. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING ASPECTS WOULD DO THE MOST TO PROMOTE A PROFESSIONAL APPEARANCE IN A PATIENT CARE SETTING? - ✅✅✅GOOD POSTURE AND PERSONAL HYGIENE 103. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING MEDICAL SPECIALISTS WOULD ONLY TREAT ELDERLY PATIENTS? - ✅✅✅GERONTOLOGIST 104. ASSESSING A PATIENT FOR A SUITABLE VEIN TO PERFORM A VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH PHASE OF LABORATORY TESTING? - ✅✅✅PREEXAMINATION/PREANALYTICAL 105. THE TERM PHLEBOTOMY IS DERIVED FROM GREEK WORDS THAT MEAN? - ✅✅✅VEIN, CUT 10 106. THE TERMS VENESECTION/.VENISECTION ARE SYNONYMOUS WITH THE SAME AS WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING? - ✅✅✅PHLEBOTOMY 107. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE MEDICAL SPECIALTY THAT PERTAINS TO THE DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF THE SKIN DISORDERS? - ✅✅✅DERMATOLOGY 108. ENTRY LEVEL SKILLS THAT DESCRIBE ABILITY LEVEL, APTITUDE, TASKS, AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF A HEALTH CARE WORKER ARE CALLED: - ✅✅✅COMPETENCY STATEMENTS 109. IDENTIFICATION AND LABELING OF A BLOOD SPECIMEN AFTER A VENIPUNCTURE PROCEDURE IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH PHASE OF LABORATORY TESTING? - ✅✅✅PREEXAMINATION/PREANALYTICAL 110. SIX SIGMA AND CLSI'S QSES ARE EXAMPLES OF: - ✅✅✅QUALITY IMPROVEMENT FRAMEWORKS 111. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS AN IMPORTANT WORK RELATED CHARACTERISTIC THAT IS HELPFUL FOR PHLEBOTOMISTS? - ✅✅✅ENJOYING WORK WITH SMALL OBJECTS 112. PROFESSIONAL CERTIFICATION TYPICALLY REFERS TO? - ✅✅✅PASSING A NATIONAL EXAMINATION AND COMPLETING CONTINUING EDUCATION 113. WHICH AGENCY OVERSEES THE CATEGORIZATION OF LABORATORY TESTS ACCORDING TO THE LEVEL OF COMPLEXITY AND THE RISK INVOLVED FOR THE PATIENT IF ERRORS ARE MADE? - ✅✅✅CLIA 114. CENTRIFUGATION OF A BLOOD SPECIMEN IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH PHASE OF LABORATORY TESTING? - ✅✅✅PREEXAMINATION/PREANALYTICAL 115. AMONG HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS, WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A TYPICAL LONG-TERM CARE FACILITY? - ✅✅✅NURSING HOME 11 116. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING SPECIALTIES WOULD RELATE TO DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF CANCER? - ✅✅✅ONCOLOGY 117. RECEIVING AN EMERGENCY LAB TEST REQUEST IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH PHASE OF LABORATORY TESTING? - ✅✅✅PREEXAMINATION/PREANALYTICAL 118. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS ACCEPTABLE ATTIRE FOR A PHLEBOTOMIST? - ✅✅✅NECKLACE TUCKED INSIDE COLLAR 119. ACUTE CARE REFERS TO WHICH TYPE OF HOSPITAL CARE? - ✅✅✅SHORT TERM STAY 120. HEALTH CARE FOR INFANTS AND CHILDREN FALLS INTO WHICH MEDICAL SPECIALTY? - ✅✅✅PEDIATRICS 121. PERFORMING A LABORATORY ASSAY ON A PATIENT'S BLOOD SPECIMEN IS AN EXAMPLE OF WHICH PHASE OF LABORATORY TESTING? - ✅✅✅EXAMINATION/ANALYTICAL 122. LICENSURE TYPICALLY REFERS TO: - ✅✅✅PASSING A STATE REQUIRED EXAMINATION AND/OR CONTINUING EDUCATION 123. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS A TEST OF MODERATE COMPLEXITY? - ✅✅✅BLOOD CHEMISTRIES 124. WHAT IS BRAILLE? - ✅✅✅SYSTEM OF WRITING FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED OR SIGHTLESS INDIVIDUALS 125. HEALTH LITERACY REFERS TO: - ✅✅✅WRITTEN, SPOKEN, OR CONCEPTUAL KNOWLEDGE OF HEALTH ISSUES 126. ACCORDING TO THE NATIONAL FEDERATION OF THE BLIND (NFB), SIGHTLESS INDIVIDUALS AND INDIVIDUALS WITH IMPAIRED VISION OR LOW VISION ARE ENTITLED TO: - ✅✅✅USE A WHITE CANE OR GUIDE DOG TO WALK INDEPENDENTLY 12 148. UNDER WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING CONCEPTS ARE THE SUPERVISORS AND DIRECTORS OF LABORATORIES HELD LIABLE FOR THE NEGLIGENT ACTIONS OF THEIR EMPLOYEES? - ✅✅✅RESPONDENT SUPERIOR 149. THE TERM RIGHT TO KNOW REFERS TO: - ✅✅✅A PATIENT'S RIGHT TO INFORMATION ABOUT TEST PROCEDURES AND WHO IS PERFORMING THEM 150. IN WHICH OF THE CIRCUMSTANCES BELOW IS THE PHLEBOTOMIST LIKELY TO COLLABORATE WITH THE PHARMACY? - ✅✅✅WHEN ASKED TO COLLECT SPECIMENS FOR DRUG MONITORING 151. VETERANS OR TRADITIONALISTS ARE INDIVIDUALS WHO WERE BORN: - ✅✅✅PRIOR TO THE MID 1940S 152. IF A NON ENGLISH SPEAKING PATIENT IS SCHEDULED TO HAVE A BLOOD SPECIMEN COLLECTION, THE HEALTH CARE WORKER SHOULD: - ✅✅✅FIND AN INTERPRETER OR OTHER METHOD TO COMMUNICATE THE INFORMATION 153. A PATIENT'S MEDICAL RECORD CAN BEST BE DESCRIBED AS: - ✅✅✅A LEGAL DOCUMENT THAT PROVIDES CHRONOLOGICAL LOG OF CARE 154. THE SPACE OR DISTANCE BETWEEN PEOPLE DURING AN INTERACTION IS CALLED: - ✅✅✅ZONE OF COMFORT 155. WHAT ARE DELTA CHECKS? - ✅✅✅QC THAT ALLOWS FOR DETECTION OF SIGNIFICANT CHANGES IN LABORATORY RESULTS 156. PROFESSIONAL NEGLIGENCE IN BLOOD COLLECTION IS THE SAME AS: - ✅✅✅MALPRACTICE 157. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BRANCHES OF GOVERNMENT WRITES LAWS THAT ARE CALLED STATUES? - ✅✅✅LEGISLATIVE BRANCH 15 158. FAILURE TO ACT OR PERFORM DUTIES ACCORDING TO THE STANDARD OF CARE FOR PHLEBOTOMY IS? - ✅✅✅NEGLIGENCE 159. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING AGENCIES ADMINISTERS CLIA? - ✅✅✅CMS 160. BEFORE A PATIENT'S LABORATORY TEST RESULTS CAN LEGALLY BE RELEASED TO ANOTHER PHYSICIAN OR HEALTH CARE FACILITY, THE PATIENT MUST: - ✅✅✅PROVIDE HIS OR HER INFORMED CONSENT 161. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING IS THE BEST EXAMPLE OF SETTING THE STANDARD OF CARE FOR BLOOD COLLECTION? - ✅✅✅THE JOINT COMMISSION 162. THE LEGAL TERM FOR IMPROPER OR UNSKILLFUL CARE OF A PATIENT BY A MEMBER OF THE HEALTH CARE TEAM OR ANY PROFESSIONAL MISCONDUCT, UNREASONABLE LACK OF SKILL, OR INFIDELITY IN PROFESSIONAL OR JUDICIARY DUTIES IS? - ✅✅✅MALPRACTICE 163. A CONSENT DOCUMENT TO COLLECT BLOOD FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES FROM PATIENTS IS ESTABLISHED THROUGH: - ✅✅✅IRBS AT INSTITUTIONS 164. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING HAS RECOGNIZED RIGHTS FOR PATIENTS IN HEALTH CARE ORGANIZATIONS THROUGH "THE PATIENT CARE PARTNERSHIP"? - ✅✅✅AHA 165. BLOOD COLLECTION FROM PATIENTS AND OTHER INDIVIDUALS FOR RESEARCH PURPOSES IS REGULATED THROUGH THE: - ✅✅✅NATIONAL RESEARCH ACT 166. EXAMINATION OF WITNESSES BEFORE A TRIAL IS REFERRED TO AS: - ✅✅✅DISCOVERY 167. THE FEDERAL LAW ENACTED THAT REGULATES THE QUALITY AND ACCURACY OF LABORATORY TESTING (INCLUDING PHLEBOTOMY PROCEDURES) BY CREATING A UNIFORM SET OF PROVISIONS GOVERNING ALL CLINICAL LABORATORIES IS REFERRED AS: - ✅✅✅CLIA 16 168. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING LEGAL CONCEPTS REFERS TO THE VOLUNTARY PERMISSION BY A PATIENT TO ALLOW TOUCHING, EXAMINATION, AND/OR TREATMENT BY HEALTH CARE PROVIDERS? - ✅✅✅INFORMED CONSENT 169. WHEN A PHELBOTOMIST GIVES AID DURING AN EMERGENCY, HE OR SHE IS USUALLY PROTECTED THROUGH? - ✅✅✅IMPLIED CONSENT 170. WHICH OF THE FOLLOWING BEST DESCRIBES THE MORAL ISSUES OR PROBLEMS THAT HAVE RESULTED BECAUSE OF MODERN MEDICINE, CLINICAL RESEARCH, AND/OR TECHNOLOGY? - ✅✅✅BIOETHICS 171. WHICH OF TH FOLLOWING IS ANOTHER NAME FOR LEUKOCYTES? - ✅✅✅WHITE BLOOD CELLS 172. THERAPEUTIC ASSESSMENTS - ✅✅✅TO DEVELOP THE APPROPRIATE THERAPY OR TREATMENT FOR THE MEDICAL CONDITION. EX: TDM= THERAPEUTIC DRUG MONITORING 17