Understanding Asperger's Syndrome through Film: An Analysis of 'Mozart and the Whale', Lecture notes of Literature

Download Understanding Asperger's Syndrome through Film: An Analysis of 'Mozart and the Whale' and more Lecture notes Literature in PDF only on Docsity! i i ASPERGER SYNDROME IN THE MOVIE MOZART AND THE WHALE BY PETER NAESS a final project Submitted as a Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English by Novemia Khariswanti 2250404540 ENGLISH DEPARTMENT FACULTY OF LANGUAGES AND ARTS STATE UNIVERSITY OF SEMARANG 2011 ii ii PERNYATAAN Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini : Nama : Novemia Khariswanti N I M : 2250404540 Jurusan/Prodi : Bahasa dan Sastra Inggris/Sastra Inggris Fakultas Bahasa dan Seni, Universitas Negeri Semarang, menyatakan dengan sesungguhnya bahwa final project/skripsi yang berjudul : ASPERGER SYNDROME IN THE MOVIE MOZART AND THE WHALE BY PETER NAESS Yang saya tulis dalam rangka memenuhi salah satu syarat untuk memperoleh gelar Sarjana ini benar – benar merupakan karya saya sendiri, yang saya hasilkan setelah penelitian, pembimbingan, diskusi dan pemaparan ujian. Semua kutipan, baik yang langsung maupun tidak langsung, baik yang diperoleh dari sumber kepustakaan, wahan elektronik maupun sumber lainnya telah disertai keterangan mengenai identitas sumbernya dengan cara sebagaimana lazim dalam penulisan karya ilmiah. Dengan demikian, walaupu tim penguji telah membubuhkan tanda tangan sebagai keabsahannya, seluruh isi karya ilmiah ini tetap menjadi tanggung jawab saya sendiri. Jika kemudian ditemukan ketidakberesan, saya bersedia menerima konsekuensinya. Demikian surat pernyataan ini untuk dapat digunakan seperlunya. Semarang, Agustus Yang membuat pernyataan, Novemia Khariswanti v v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Praise to Allah S.W.T, the most Merciful and the most Almighty, for the compassion blessing, love, luck, gift and strength. It is because of His guidance I can finish my study. I would like to express my deepest gratitude and appreciation to Drs. Djoko Sutopo, M. Si as my first advisor and Dra. Rahayu Puji H, M. Hum, as my second advisor, for the entire patience, valuable guidance, encouragement and time throughout the process of accomplishing my study in regard to my endeavor to make this study as comprehensive as possible. In this chance, I would also like to deliver my special honor to all my lecturers for the valuable knowledge given to me. I would also like to express my great pride to my parents for their irreplaceable love and trust, my brothers, my beloved mates for their pray and support. Especially for Mama, you are the best Mama in the world. All my friends in English Literature thank you for the unforgettable moment, and for all my motivators, Tata, Nurul, Rima. Lastly, I hope that the final project will be useful for the readers especially for those who are interested in studying social problem and psychology of Asperger syndrome sufferer vi vi ABSTRACT Khariswanti, Novemia. 2011. Asperger Syndrome in the Movie Mozart and the Whale by Peter Naess. A Final Project. English Department. Faculty of Languages and Arts. Semarang State University. Advisor I: Drs. Djoko Sutopo, MSi, Advisor II: Dra. Rahayu Puji H, M. Hum. Key Words : Asperger syndrome, Mozart and the Whale This final project is an analysis about the struggle of individual with Asperger syndrome. How they live and how they run their life in society with their extraordinary behavior and also how people treat them. The object of this study is a movie entitled Mozart and the Whale directed by Peter Naess. This movie tells us about two people with Asperger syndrome (a form of autism) run a small self-help group for people in the autistic spectrum. The purposes of this study are to describe what Asperger syndrome is, how they are run their life in society. This study focuses on the characteristic of Donald Morton as Asperger’s syndrome sufferer, and the difficulties of Asperger’s syndrome sufferer to get along with society. In analyzing the data, I use descriptive qualitative research method in which the data were in the form of written words and they were analyzed descriptively. There were several steps in analyzing Asperger syndrome victim’s unusual behavior and their effort to run their life and also society treatment toward them. Firstly, I watched the movie several times to understand the whole story. Secondly, I listed the data from the movie as well as the script based on their meaning which are related to the topics and the categorized them according to the objective of the study. The next step was interpreting the data to the theory related to the topic in order to clarify and analyze the meaning. Finally, I present the conclusion and suggestion. This final project has two questions to be explore; those are : (1) What is personal characteristic of Asperger’s syndrome sufferer represented by Donald Morton? (2) What are the difficulties of individual with Asperger’s syndrome? Finally, this study is expected to give additional knowledge to the readers about Asperger’s syndrome that may be useful as an additional reference. Moreover, this study is also expected to improve knowledge on how describe characteristics of Asperger’s syndrome sufferers and also their difficulties and its related topics because some people still have wrong perception about Asperger’s syndrome sufferer. vii vii TABLE OF CONTENTS APPROVAL ............................................................................................... iii MOTTO AND DEDICATION .................................................................. iv ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ......................................................................... v ABSTRACT .............................................................................................. vi TABLE OF CONTENS ............................................................................ vii LIST CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the Study ........................................................................ 1 1.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic ............................................................. 3 1.3 Statements of the Problem ...................................................................... 4 1.4 Objectives of the Study .......................................................................... 5 1.5 Significance of the Study ....................................................................... 5 1.6 Outline of the Report .............................................................................. 5 II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 2.1 Film ....................................................................................................... 7 2.1.1 Definition of Film ............................................................................... 7 2.1.2 History of Film .................................................................................... 9 2.1.3 Genres of Film .................................................................................... 10 2.1.4 Elements of Film ................................................................................. 15 2.2 Asperger’s Syndrome ............................................................................. 18 2.2.1 History of Asperger’s Syndrome ......................................................... 18 2.2.2 Definition of Asperger’s Syndrome ..................................................... 19 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background of the study Human, as a social creature would not be able to survive without having social interaction with others. Social interaction begins with communication, the means of communication is language. Every individual, naturally, has something in him that is wanted to be shared with others such as feeling, opinion, experience, and so on which it all lead to one basic point of social living creature, fulfilling their needs. To share our feeling and opinion to another person, we can use two ways, written and spoken. People use a language in both spoken form as well as written form. People can study a language by reading these written forms. Novels, plays, poems, and other literary works use language in the written form. This is what we call literature. Through literature, people know other’s feeling, thought, and attitudes in the written form languages. Every person has different ways to share their opinion, feeling, and experience, especially, a person with disability in social interaction. Disability in social interaction is one of difficulties for autistic person. They cannot deliver their opinion as well as normal person. To get in touch with their society, autistic using several body languages as their means to communicate, they tend to be somewhat socially immature and may be seen by others as odd and eccentric. That is why, we as common people need to be aware to our society issues by 1 reading or watching literary works in order to get better information and knowledge . Reasons for studying literature are different for every person. They want to get new knowledge and some moral values from the literary work. On the other hand, people study literature to get pleasure because they will feel happy and comfortable while reading or studying literature. Literature pleases us by imitating life or more precisely by displaying its writer visions of life as it or as the writer thinks it should be. People also say that written literature has a great power to influence someone’s feeling. People can cry or laugh only by reading a group of sentences in the literary work. This recent global, literature has been growing wider and wider along with the on going development of science and technology that it brought influences to human lives. It is surely that this condition requires human creativity to keep up with the flow of invention and innovation. The form communication in early human civilization was detained by spoken or written form of media, but now, at this present civilization the new form of electronic media gives greater influence to human life. Literature is now, no longer performed only on stage but on electronic media such as television. The invention of motion picture technology through TV developed further into another form, which is called film. Film is the most familiar literary work to the common people than the other literary works or genres like poetry, prose, drama – on stage – and etc. We can see the fact that nowadays almost everyone in this world has at least one television set at home and through film on TV – though there are films on cinemas or other modern electronic means such as VCD/DVD – it is the easiest way for them to draw literary messages from them. Since film is considered more entertaining and educating, and if we refer to the definition of literature by Panghilito Luigi, film also possesses the element of what makes a work become a literary work. Drama film is the largest genre films with many subsets. It needs high concentration to understand its story. With the author’s given direction, meaning, and artistic interpretation point of view, film becomes acceptable to the society as media as well as material that are interesting to discuss in a literary analysis just as other genres such as drama, fiction, or poetry do, although the film contains discrimination and underestimation of people with autism disorder. Therefore, a literary research through social psychological approach is conducted to Peter Naes’ movie entitled Mozart and the Whale. This film reveals the discrimination, underestimation, and struggling of people with autism disorder. Referring to the background above, I chose Mozart and the Whale as a reference to conduct an analysis as one subtopics; I focused the analysis on the Asperger Syndrome suffer (Donald Morton) as the main character of the movie. 1.2 Reasons for Choosing the Topic As I noted before films is the most popular entertainment in the world. Almost all generations like watching film. Not only film can give pleasure for the viewer, but it also can give moral values to them. They can learn many things about life from the film such as social relationship, politics, and science. Chapter II is review of the related literature, which contains theories underlying the writing of the study. This chapter discusses film which contains the definition of film, history of film, genres of film, Asperger syndrome definition, and others information about it, and biography of Jerry Newport as the original figure of person with Asperger syndrome. Chapter III is method of investigation. This chapter describes the object of the study, roles of researcher, type of data, procedure of collecting the data, abd procedures of analyzing the data. Chapter IV is the analysis of Asperger syndrome in the movie Mozart and the Whale containing the sypnosis of the film. In this chapter, the writer elaborate all of the analysis about Donald Morton, as an autistic main character, also his struggling to get in touch with his social living and love relationship with another autistic suffer, Isabelle. At the end of the final project or chapter V, the writer will end her analysis by presenting the conclusion and suggestion of her evaluation. CHAPTER II REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE All of references and information about Asperger’s syndrome which are used by the writer to support her in conducting her analysis upon the topic are discussed and presented in this chapter. The writer picks the source from books and also internet about film, Asperger’s syndrome, autism, and social interaction. 2.1 Film Film, as common people know, is a kind of entertainment which is broadcasted in theater or television set. It is the easiest way of educating or getting in touch with art works for ordinary people at present. This subchapter elaborates more about it. 2.1.1 Definition of Film The name "film" comes from the fact that photographic film had historically been the primary medium for recording and displaying motion pictures. Many other terms exist for an individual motion picture, including picture, picture show, photo-play, flick, and most commonly, movie. Hornby (1995:434) states that film is a story, etc recorded as a set of moving pictures to be shown on television or at the cinema. Additional terms for the field in general include the big screen, the silver screen, the cinema, and the movies. Traditional films are made up of a series of individual images called frames. When these images are shown rapidly in succession, a viewer has the illusion that motion is occurring. The viewer 7 cannot see the flickering between frames due to an effect known as persistence of vision whereby the eye retains a visual image for a fraction of a second after the source have been removed. This phenomenon is called beta movement (www.wikipedia.com). Films are cultural artifacts created by specific cultures, which reflect those cultures, and, in turn, affect them. Film is considered to be an important art form, a source of popular entertainment, and a powerful method for educating citizens. The visual elements of cinema give motion pictures a universal power of communication; some movies have become popular worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue. Films are produced by recording images from the world with cameras, or by creating images using animation techniques or special effects. Naturally, the images needed to be carefully designed to achieve the desired effect and the underlying principle became the basis for the development of film animation. The nature of the film determines the size and type of crew required during filmmaking. A film crew is a group of people hired by a film company, employed during the "production" for the purpose of producing a film or motion picture. Crew is distinguished from cast, the actors who appear in front of each other of the camera or provide voices for characters in the film. The crew interacts with but is also distinct from the production staff, consisting of producers, managers. Communication between production and crew generally passes through the director and his/her staff of assistants. Medium-to-large crews are generally divided into departments with well defined hierarchies and standards for Action Films Action films usually include high energy, big-budget physical stunts and chases, possibly with rescues, battles, fights, escape, destructive crises, non-stop motion, spectacular rhythm and pacing, and adventurous. Usually this film often involve two dimensional “good-guy” battling bad-guy. Action film asks for high prices. Adventure Films Adventure films are usually exciting stories, with novel experiences. Some people recognize adventure film as action film because it has many similarities inside. Adventure films could be searches or expeditions for lost continents, “jungle” and “desert” epics, treasure hunts, disaster films. Comedy Films Comedies are light-hearted plots designed to amuse and provoke laughter. Comedy films often present funny story which can make the viewer laughs. Crime and Gangster Films Crime (gangster) films are developed around the actions. Criminal and gangster films are often categorized as film noir or detective-mystery films because of underlying similarities between these cinematic forms. This category includes a description of various serial killer films. In crime gangster films we often find violence. Drama Films Dramas are serious; sometimes it needs high concentration to understand. Usually, they are not focus on special-effects; comedy, or action. Dramatic films are probably the largest films genre, with many subsets. Epics / Historical Films Epics include costume dramas, historical dramas, and war films. Epics often share elements of the elaborate adventure films genre. Epics take an historical or imagined event, mythic, legendary, or heroic figure, and add an extravagant setting and lavish costume. Horror Films Horror films are designed to frighten and to invoke our hidden worst fears, often in a shocking finale. Horror films feature a wide range of styles. They are often combined with science fiction when the menace or monster is related to a corruption of technology. The fantasy and supernatural film genres are not usually synonymous with the horror genre. There are many sub-genre of horror: teen terror, serial killers, satanic, and Dracula. Musical (Dances) Films Musical / dance films are cinematic forms that emphasize full-scale scores or song and dance. Major subgenres include the musical comedy or the concert film. Science Fiction Films Sci-fi films are often quasi-scientific, visionary and imaginative – complete with heroes, aliens, distant planets, improbable settings, and fantastic places. Science fiction often expresses the potential of technology to destroy humankind and easily overlaps with horror films. War (Anti – War) Films War films acknowledge the horror and heartbreak of war, letting the actual combat fighting. War films are often recognized with other genres, such as action, adventure, drama, romance, comedy. Westerns Westerns are the major defining genre of the American film industry. They are one of oldest, most enduring genres with very recognizable plots, element, and characters. Over time, westerns have been re-defined, re-invented, and expanded, dismissed, re-discovered, and spoofed. Now, film industries develop rapidly all over the world. Moreover, technology development supports film into the most popular entertainment for all generation. Novel films are not only able to hypnotize young people or children to be addicted but they also able to give modern view toward their life. Some people learn about education, social and culture through films. Therefore, some film industries modify and try to create films with new genre. Some films are easily categorized into main film genres as elaborated above but other films are categorized into Non-Genre film. There are some Non- Genre films which can be learned. Non-Genre films categories can be elaborated as follows: Animated Films Animations are not a strictly-defined genre category, but rather a film technique, although they often contain genre-like elements. Animated films are often considered kids or family-oriented films, although the may be enjoyed by all ages. British (UK Films) to create fantastic and fascinating performance. Unlike another literary works such as novel or drama, film asks for more elements than them. There are three essential elements of film in which a film is produced. Those three elements are as follows: (1) Spatial Dimension In spatial dimension there are seven essential elements of film. They are: Film Stock It covers black and white or colour, high contrast and low contrast, sensitive or less sensitive material and also includes effects which directly influence the content of the film. Lighting It is related to the way how certain light condition should be given to a film. In some ways, they use natural or candle light instead of electric light. Camera Angle It is a matter related to the position of the camera from which a certain scene is to be filmed. Camera Movement It is liked to a camera angle and allows for a variable charge of perspective. Camera movement will also determine good or bad of picture in a film. Point of View It is an opinion or attitude of a narrator or author toward the film itself whether he or she becomes the first or second person in the film. Editing It is a technique in which a film is cut or rearrange in a separate process to the final version of film. Montage It is a kind of film technique which creates effects similar to the use of simile or metaphor in a novel or drama that is beautifying the story or scene. (2) Temporal Dimension In temporal dimension there are five elements altogether. They are as follows: Slow and Fast Motion It is a matter of motion of the pictures in the film. It could be slow or fast motion pictures. Plot Time It is the time of a plan or an outline of the event in a film last. Length of Time It is related to the duration of time of the film. Some films could have duration around 90 minutes but others could be 120 minutes as well. Flashback It is a part of film which shows us a scene earlier in time than the main story, aiming to give a description about the past events. Foreshadowing It is one of the techniques in film making which give audience a sign or warning of something about to happen. (3) Acoustic Dimension There are three main elements in acoustic dimension. They are: Dialogue It is defined as the conversation among the actors or characters. Dialogue may show us the whole meaning of the story. Music Usually music is given to a film in order to beautify the viewer's imagination toward the story. In some films we may happen to see a soundtrack of film such as songs in which they represent the theme of the film. Sound Effects It is linked to the music itself. The sound effect could be smooth or hard, sad or happy depend on the film story. 2.2 Asperger’s Syndrome 2.2.1 History of Asperger’s Syndrome The disorder is named after Hans Asperger, a Viennese pediatrician who, in 1940, first described a set of behaviour patterns apparent in some of his patients, mostly males. Asperger noticed that although autistic had normal intelligence and language development, they had severely impaired social skills, were unable to communicate effectively with others, and had poor coordination. According to the Asperger Syndrome Coalition of the United States, the onset of Asperger’s Syndrome is later than what is typical in autism or at least it is recognized later. Many kids are diagnosed after age 3, with most diagnosed between the ages of 5 and 9. Asperger’s Syndrome is characterized by poor social interactions, obsessions, time, and improvements are often seen. The symptoms of Asperger syndrome are often hard to differentiate by common people. Based on review from Anne M. Meduri, MD, in her online blog, these signs and symptoms might be present in a individual with Asperger syndrome: • inappropriate or minimal social interactions • conversations almost always revolving around self rather than others • "scripted," "robotic," or repetitive speech • lack of "common sense" • problems with reading, math, or writing skills • obsession with complex topics such as patterns or music • average to below-average nonverbal cognitive abilities, though verbal cognitive abilities are usually average to above-average • awkward movements • odd behaviours or mannerisms It's important to note that, unlike people with autism, those with Asperger Syndrome might show no delays in language development; they usually have good grammatical skills and an advanced vocabulary at an early age. However, they typically do exhibit a language disorder, they might be very literal and have trouble using language in a social context. 2.3 Social Interaction 2.3.1 Definition of Social Interaction Social interaction is the process of people orienting themselves to others and acting in response to each other’s behaviour. People interact with others in order to accomplish some goal; their behaviour in such interactions is always directed toward specific other people. For example, the job seeker and the job interviewer engage in social interaction in order to fulfil two goals: the job seeker wants employment and the job interviewer wants to fill a vacancy. Social interaction is not merely a matter of individual choice; rather, it is guided by defined expectations and meanings. These social expectations and meanings are organized in terms of statuses and roles. A status is a position in a social structure that determines where an individual “fits” in the social order. A role is a set of behaviours, attitudes, obligations, and privileges expected of anyone who occupies a particular status. Social interaction is connected to the structure of society through the interrelationship of different statuses and roles. “Job interviewer” is one of the thousands of statuses in the typical large corporation; the behaviour expected of people who occupy this social status is determined by the overall goals and strategies of the business itself. These goals and strategies are shaped in turn by the political and economic structure of the society as a whole. Thus an isolated interaction between job seeker and interviewer is linked through the interconnection of statuses and roles to the organization of society itself. 2.4 Mozart and the Whale Mozart and the Whale is the story of Donald Morton (Josh Hartnett) a man suffering Asperger's Syndrome. Asperger's Syndrome as defined by freedictionary.com is, "a pervasive developmental disorder resembling autistic disorder, being characterized by severe impairment of social interactions and by restricted interests and behaviors; however, patients are not delayed in development of language, cognitive function, and self-help skills." You could know someone with Asperger Syndrome for years and never know that there was anything wrong with him/her. Donald is a cabdriver who has organized a support group for other people suffering from Autism. However, one day someone new comes to the support group, Isabelle Sorenson (Radha Mitchell). Isabelle, aside from being beautiful, also suffers from AS. Donald and Isabelle manage to connect and begin to date. The movie focuses on how the two try to deal with the trials and tribulations of a budding romance while also living with their condition. It is hard not to love Donald and it is hard to believe that Hartnett had nothing to do with that. At one level this movie is about two people struggling to connect and live with Asperger's Syndrome. This film is very interesting to be analyzed because of its unique plot and character. This film is also one of the means of communication between the audiences and the filmmaker to deliver the moral values of this film. 2.5 Social Psychology In this subchapter the writer describes social psychology which covers social psychology, relation of social psychology, sociology and literature. Here is the detailed elaboration of the subject matters. study, here, social psychology lends some theories belonging to sociological criticism. Sociology is close to social psychology as they are focusing on group of people in later development, become a community or even society. Sine the moral value which is found in the literary work of this study, is a result of individuals collective behaviors in a group or community, social psychology comes in literary criticism through the same way as sociology does. David Daches (1981: 356) states that if the first object of critic is to see the work in itself as it really is, the sociologist, like the historian, can often help him. But once he has seen what it is, he must apply a criterion suitable to the nature of what he sees. However, literature and other discipline of science are different in their field of the study, and it is hardly being combined into one another. Literary criticism is an activity that we knowingly explore the questions that help to define our humanity, evaluate our actions, or simply increase our appreciation and enjoyment of both literary work and our fellow human beings (Charles E. Bressler, 1999). With relativistic criticism, Social Psychology is used to define, explain and criticize a piece of literary work. Without theory, practical criticism could not exist. 2.6 Psychology 2.6.1 Psychology in Literature Psychological approach in literary criticism is introduced after many scholars of literature know a lot of Freud’s teaching which begin to be published in English, especially The Interpretation of Dreams and Three Contribution Theories of Sex in the decade around the first World War. Literary analysis carried out as an experiment of dream symbolism technique, an expression of stream of consciousness, and Freud’s definition of libido provide a kind of source of support for social revolution against Puritanism and Victorianism. According to William Henry Hudson as cited by Hardjana (1991:59), psychology enters the area of literary criticism through four ways: (1) discussion about the process of literature creation, (2) psychological analysis of the author (either as a type or a person), (3) discussion about psychological theories applicable to the analysis of character’s behaviour in literary works, and (4) the influence of literary works on the readers. As stated above that psychology is a vast field, it grows every time. Psychology was firstly believed as the clinical theories, now might come to the field of life, such as industries, law, education and literature as well. Based on Freud’s ideas, a Freudian approach to literature views text and sometimes by going through the author as the object to be analysed. Freudian literary critics search out the covert content of a work in attempt to uncover the unconscious of the text. These critics also analyse unconscious motives or feeling as displayed through the action of the characters of the author. These ideas can be applied to both the action taking place with the pages of the novel as well as to the actual life of the author. The relation of psychoanalysis and literature can be seen from different angles. Fellman (as cited by Green, 1996) explains that we normally tend to see psychoanalysis of the active practice performed upon the passive text. While literature is considered as a body of language to be interpreted psychoanalysis is considered as the body of knowledge, whose competence is called upon to interpret. Psychoanalysis, in other words, occupies the place of subject, like literature that an object. That is why Horney as written in Theory of Literature by Wellek and Warren (1977:90) states that sometimes the novelist can teach us more about human nature and the psychologist with all of his imagination stated in words. The author is freely showing his idea based on the psychological theory in his works as the pictures of what is going on around the people, and based on the deep consideration of human as Hardjana (1985) asserts in the following: Sometimes, literature’s critics take the psychological stream instead of trying to analyze the soul of the author through his works of art. They also use their knowledge about the problems of human life and psycho-logic environment to interpret work without connecting it with the biography of the author. This particular psychological approach is appropriate with the people who have the same ideology with Dryden, to whom has the assumption that function and role of literature area trying to serve “the image of man” which fairly and likely or at least if they believe that in fact that the aim of literature is the reflection of human’s life. In some cases, people prefer analyzing literary works psychologically to studying the biography of the author or the writer. People are trying to show the image of the writer by describing his or her characteristic through his or her works into some words. They do not expose the writer’s background or their life story. 2.6.2 Sigmund Freud Sigmund Freud was the father of psychology. He began his education at the University of Vienna in 1873. He went to school and spent much time studying at the sound of rhythmic music. Freud’s investigation into internal conflicts such as this led him to an eventual division of the mind into three parts, three conflicting internal tendencies, the well-known id, ego and superego. It is important to note that this division is not the separation of the mind into three structures and function, which exist, in physical partitions in the brain; they are not even truly structures, but rather separate aspects and elements of the single structure of the mind. (1) Id As the baby emerges from the womb into the reality life, it wants only to eat, drink, urinate, be warmed and gain pleasure. These urges are the demand of the id. In pursuit of this end, the id demands immediate gratification: it is ruled by the pleasure principle, demanding satisfaction now, regardless of circumstances and possible undesirable affects. If young boy was ruled entirely by his id, he would steal and eat a piece of chocolate from a store regardless of the owner’s menacing watching above him or even his parents scolding toward him. The id will not stand for a delay in gratification. For some urges, such as urination, it is easily satisfied. However, if the urge is not immediately discharged, the id will form a memory of the end of the motivation: the thirsty infant will form an image of the mother milk. This act of wish-fulfilment satisfied the id’s desire for the moment. It obviously does not reduce the tension of the fulfilled urge. According to Subur Wardoyo (1999:50-55) in his article “Literary Criticism in Theory and Practice” there are three characteristics of id: (1) Id is the source of all our aggression and desires. (2) It is lawless, asocial, and amoral. (3) It is repressed in our unconscious. (2) Ego The eventual understanding that the immediate gratification is usually impossible (and often unwise). And it comes with the formation of the ego, which is ruled by the reality principle. The ego acts as ego-between in the id’s relations with reality, often surprising the id’s urges until an appropriate situation arises. The thirsty five years old boy now not only identifies water as the satisfaction of his urge, but also form a plan to obtain water, perhaps, by founding drinking fountain. While the ego is still in the service of id., it borrows some of its psychic energy in effort to control the urge until it is feasibly satisfied. The ego’s effort at pragmatic satisfaction of urges eventually builds a great number of skills and memories and become aware of itself as an entity. With the formation of the ego, the individual becomes a self, instead of amalgamation of urges and needs. According to Subur Wardoyo (1999:50-55) in his article “Literary Criticism in Theory and Practice” there are three characteristics of ego: (1) It regulates the instinctual drives of the id (2) It is the part of our conscious mind. (3) It serves as intermediary between the world with and the world without. (3) Superego While the ego may temporarily repress urges of the id in fear of punishment, eventually these external sources of punishment are internalized, and the child will not steal the chocolate, even unwatched, because he has taken punishment right and wrong into himself. The super ego uses guilt and self-approaches as its primary means of enforcement for these rules. But if a person does something, which is unacceptable to the superego, he experiences pride and self-satisfaction. According to Subur Wardoyo (1999:50-55) in his article “Literary Criticism in Theory and Practice” there are two characteristics of superego: (1) It is the moral censoring agency. (2) It blocks and presses back the drives of the id into the unconscious. Superego controls people mind not to do something immoral. It usually gives understanding to people whether it is good or wrong and how people should act to face something in their life. It will guide people into the right way. In literary matter Freud had already given big contribution. If we take a look to the psychological studies we will find that his theory in psychology had given deep understanding about literary works and social matter. In relation with leadership theories, Freud’s psychology theory had given inspiration to a leader about how he or she should behave or act in front of his or her followers. Moreover, it guides them psychologically in maintaining his or her organization/country he or she is leading. In addition, leader also will be able to someone new comes to the group support, Isabelle Sorenson. Isabelle, aside from being beautiful, also suffers from Asperger Syndrome. Isabelle suffered trauma in their childhood and adolescence and suffered from low self-esteem. When they first met, they are eccentric individuals. However, while their minds are not naturally wire for love, their hearts still yearn for it. Through each other, they were able to begin to understand themselves and discover how love can heal the human soul. After Isabelle join in the group, Donald try to help Isabelle to manage her self-esteem and trauma. Day by day, they are spending time together and sharing what are in their mind. Helping each other makes them getting closed and they start loving each other. The unique relationship between Isabelle and Donald is beginning. Love relationship of two people with Asperger’s syndrome and emotional dysfunction. Donald has emotional and social interaction dysfunction. That is why he seems introvert and keeps his problem by himself, and do not want to be bothered by others, even Isabelle. Oneday, when Isabelle clean up Donald’s flat and get rid all of his parakeets and his belongings, Donald is very angry and lost his self-esteem. In other occasions, a Halloween party is coming. Isabelle tries to ask Donald to accompany her to go to Halloween party. This event is a good chance for Isabelle and Donald to end their anger. Donald is wearing whale costume and Isabelle is wearing Mozart costume. It is a symbol of two different characteristic. Although they are different, Isabelle and Donald are struggling to be together, until they decide to marriage and live together as a husband and wife. Their problem is not only about social interaction between neighbor and society, but also in Donald’s employment. Being discriminated by normal people in their social life is often happen in their daily life. Different opinion and decision often happen in their marriage, until they decide to divorce and end their marriage. After they are divorce, Isabelle runs her life by herself, Donald also do the same. At the end, they realize every moment that has been through together in their marriage is very special. Until they decide to re-marriage and they finally feel something that is real and normal, that is love. Even they are not normal as an Asperger’s syndrome sufferer. 3.2 Role of Researcher In this analysis the researcher has two main roles. They are follows: (1) The data collector In order to complete this study I collect the data about this film. I get the data from many sources. First, I get the data from the script of the film and the Vision Compact Disk (VCD). Second, I get the data from the books which related to the material. The last I collect the data by browsing through the internet. (2) Data analyst After getting the data, I analyzed them then took the essence of the data. I grouped the several data based on the classification. I also reduced the data that I get from the source in order to make me easy in analyzing them. 3.3 Types of the Data The type of the data in this analysis is descriptive qualitative, which merely focuses on the analysis of textual data. It is kind of method which involves such analysis, interpretation and description about what I analyzed supported by accurate references. It is like what is stated by John W Best (1978:1160 that “a descriptive study describes and interprets what it is. It is concerned with conditions or relationship that exists, opinion that are held, processes that are going on, effects that are going, effects that are evident or trends that are developing. 3.4 Procedures of Collecting the Data In this analysis, there are two data sources. The first source was called primary source. It was source from which the main data were taken. The object of the study was Mozart and the Whale movie. The second source was called secondary source. It was the source from which the supporting data were taken. They involved the theory of social interaction, Asperger syndrome information and movie script. Those data were taken from books, dictionaries and websites. 3.5 Procedures of Analyzing the Data 3.5.1 Reading and Watching The very basic step in analyzing a movie is reading and watching. I did not only read the script but I also watched the movie. I had to find out every side of it as well as understand the whole content clearly. The process of watching here is to synchronize the original dialogue in the script with the dialogue spoken by the character in the movie. Even, I had read and watched the movie several times to get deeper ideas that are related to the topic. 3.5.2 Indentifying Number (In Number) ( In Number) (In number) 3.5.6 Reporting After selecting, the data are reported in the appendices. The appendices will help the readers to find out the overall data analysis easily. 3.6 Techniques of Analyzing the Data In this step, I used the descriptive method. This method was to reveal the Asperger’s Syndrome / autism by means of describing, explaining and comparing word based on the explanation above. I did not only report the analysis of the movie story inside, but I also showed theories related to the analysis of the movie. By using an approach of Social Psychology and psychology analytic, I analyzed the data in several steps. The first is exposing the data; they were exposed to reveal the hidden meaning of the context. The second step, she supported the data by using refrences and theories from the social psychology point of view. In evaluating the data, the writer uses social psychological approach in which several statements or points will ground the conclusion. Finally, the writer made a conclusion. The answers for the statements of the problems by using the data were presented in the analysis. CHAPTER IV RESULT OF ANALYSIS This chapter presents the data analysis of the study. The data are taken from the movie entitled Mozart and the Whale in the form of characters dialogues and scenes descriptions. Both the data types are collected in appendices. The analysis will elaborate the answer of the research problems in chapter 2. 4.1 Personal Characteristics of Individual with Asperger’s Syndrome Represented by Donald Morton as the Main Character 4.1.1 Inappropriate or Minimal Social Interaction Donald Morton is the main character of this film, perform by Josh Hartnett. In this film, Donald is a man suffering from Asperger’s Syndrome. He is a cabdriver who has organized a support group for other people suffering from autism with a phenomenal talent for numbers. Although he is an Asperger’s Syndrome sufferer, he always tries to show that person with this condition do not need to be separated from society. Outside of his group, Donald tries to interact and communicate with regular people, but the way of his interaction seems like an odd behaviours and mannerism for regular people. That is why Donald assumes that he is not deserved to involve in this regular society. This condition do not only happens in his socialization with regular people, but also in his group of Asperger’s syndrome sufferers. This social skill 42 is needed to get along with others, and everyone needs to have supportive relationship. To improve their social skill, person with Asperger’s Syndrome can join a support group like Donald did. In this group they can interact with others who might be willing to practice some skills, give honest feedback, or even just be patient with person whose social skill little bit off. (1) (In his support group, Donald arranges a meeting for each members and he wants every member practice to tell their personal stories in order to built their social skills) Donald : Gracie, can I see you for a minute? Gracie : They’ll never find me. Ever. Regular people lose autistic people all the time. That’s just the way it is.(talking to other member) Yes,Donald... Donald: Gracie, I’m gonna run the meeting a little differently today.I think that when we get to the park... I want you to gather all the women and I’ll gather all the guys and go to the bleachers. Gracie : Why will I gather all the women? Donald: I want... I want everybody to practice telling personal stories. And I think that people will be less shy without the opposite sex. (speaks without eyes contact and busy with another stuffs) (2) (When they are gather in the park, Isabelle Sorenson, as the new member of this group delivere her stories) Isabelle : Hi. Gracie : Hi. Isabelle : I’m new. I don’t really know what to say. Okay, help me out. Ask me a question. Gracie : The candy bar Baby Ruth was named after the daughter of President Glover Cloveland. He once worked as a hangman in Buffalo, New York Isabelle : No, I don’t distract with a lot of weird ball stuff cause I get completely lost. Gracie : He was one of the presidents who had illegitimate children together with thomas Jefferson and Warren G. Harding. Based on two scenes above, Donald tries to practice and improve his social very surprise with Donald’s flat condition. Isabelle. One day, Isabelle comes to Donald’s flat without his notice, and she wants to make a surprise for Donald by clean up Donald’s flat from the dirty things, such as birds and their feces. Isabelle thought that her surprise able to make Donald happy, but unfortunately Donald lose his self esteem and getting mad to Isabelle. People with Asperger syndrome display behavior, interests, and activities that are restricted and repetitive and are sometimes abnormally intense or focused. They may stick to inflexible routines or rituals, move in stereotyped and repetitive ways, or preoccupy themselves with parts of objects (www.wikipedia.com). (7) (a dialogue between Isabelle and Donald when Donald finds that his flat is cleaned up by Isabelle) Donald : Izzy, I’m home! Oh, no. What did you do?! Where’s my stuff?! Did you hear, Izzy? Isabelle : Everything is here. It’s just organized. I thought you’d like it. Well, now I know where everything is, so you’d better be nice to me or I’ll take the secret to my grave. Donald : Where is my shower curtain,huh?! Isabelle : I threw it out. Donald : What?? God! Isabelle : Well, I called the Center for Disease Control in Atlanta but it was more than they could handle. Donald : It was mine! This all my stuff! You had no right to do this! Isabelle : I thought you’d like it. Donald : You stole my life. 4.1.4 Odd Behaviors and Mannerism In this film, there some behaviors and mannerism which are not appropriate or odds for regular people when we interact with Asperger’s syndrome sufferer, but for them it is ordinary. The routine activities of Donald with his birds in his life perhaps can be assumed as one of Asperger’s syndrome odd behaviors. The way of Donald talking to others is also one of eccentric or odd behaviors that can be shown from this film. Donald always avoid eye contact to his speaker, not to mention Donald pretends to be like normal person when he has his boss comes to his house, but this precisely his boss thinks that Donald’s behavior is weird. More over, when his boss meet Isabelle at that time, the weird manner of Isabelle is bothered them. (8) Donald : Izzy, we’re home! Isabelle : Can you shut the door? Donald : I told her to put everybody in his or her cages respectively but...she didn’t, and... Come on, you guys. Come on. Come on, you guys. Isabelle : Stay, stay. Come on. Donald : There she is. Izzy!! All the birds were out. Hank Wallace, Isabelle. Nice to put a face with the voice. Hank : That’s right. We talked about what a genius Mr. Morton is. Not to mention a saint. Donald : Well, only this morning he advised me to be on my very tippy-toed best behavior tonight, so I don’t weird you out. So feel free to advise me if I deviate from normality at anytime. Isabelle : Sense of humor. We’re working on it. Isabelle tries to cover Donald condition that he is an Asperger’s syndrome sufferer, and this situation is weird to be understood by Hank as regular people. From the explanation above about the characteristic of Asperger’s syndrome which portrayed in Donald Morton characterization, I can conclude that someone with Asperger’s syndrome still have their ability to manage their mind as an Id or Ego. It can be shown in the way of Donald doing his daily life in a routine pattern, gather with his group to having pleasure and share each others. Even Donald is an Asperger’s syndrome sufferer, his mind is not only working in the form of Id, Donald also has division mind in Ego. He able to memorize number and he has skill of number calculating. Another evidence of he can remember the location of every stuffs in his flat. Through this condition, we can assume that Asperger’s syndrome is not categorized as mental disorder, its only disability in social skill because of their limitation in understanding verbal languages like normal people and lack of self confidence to figure out something difficult. 4.2 The Difficulties of Asperger’s Syndrome Sufferer in Social Interaction To get along with normal people in social live, Asperger’s syndrome sufferer has some difficulties which is need to be trained to improve their social skills. To make a goal in social interaction, people do personal orienting to others and acting in response to each other’s behavior. In this film, Donald as individual with Asperger’s syndrome has some difficulties in social interaction, such as doing “scripted”, “robotic”, repetitive speech, avoiding eye contact with others, problem with self esteem. For the person who do not know the signs of Asperger’s syndrome behaviors will assumed that he is odd or unusual even weird, or the worst thing, they call them as a mental disorder sufferer. Although Asperger’s syndrome sufferers has a normal IQ, but their degree of functionality and their naiveté are often viewed as eccentric or odd and can easily become victims of teasing and bullying, even discrimination in society. 4.2.1 Social Skills Lack of social skills is most dysfunctional aspect of Asperger’s syndrome. In the movie of Mozart and the Whale shown that each of Asperger’s syndrome and often doing inappropriate mannerism or behavior at working place as portrayed in the scene when he hits his taxi into a truck, he walks away inoocently and leave the passangers and truck owner without any apologize. Another case of discrimination which happen to Donald is in his interview with his new company, although he gets the job at last, but the way of the interviewer runs the interview seems to underestimate Donald ability. (12) Interviewer : Mr.Morton, I run Administrative Services for the Medical Center. Yuor profile is a plus because we want to give opportunities to people with special needs. Donald : You can say “autistic”, I already know. Interviewer : The job would be looking at statistical runs finding inconsistencies. Reffering to the theory of Social Psychology that had been stated in the second chapter of this study, I can conclude that the way of Asperger’s syndrome sufferer behave and act can affect their nearest society or vice versa. This condition is happened with Donald not only in his working place but also in his group of Asperger’s syndrome. Donald and his friends often make an odd behavior and mannerism, this situation will affect to their society and cause a “special” perception about them. It is often happen in our society that someone with this kind of syndrome often categorized as someone with mental disorder because of their odd mannerism. Discrimination toward Asperger’s syndrome sufferers often happen because of their odd and unusual behavior in society. Some people who understand the signs of Asperger’s syndrome will not do kind of discrimination, teasing and bullying. That is why the information and description of this case should be spread up to give better description and definition. Beside that, the way of society treat Asperger’s syndrome sufferer is also one of difficulties that can affect their way to interact with others. That is why most of Asperger’s syndrome try to isolate their self from normal society in order to secure their self from being discriminate. When someone with Asperger’s syndrome begins to isolating his self it will affect his way to socialize and his confidence. It will not help them to have better skill in social interaction. CHAPTER V CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION 5.1 CONCLUSION Based on the analysis in the previous chapter, I present the conclusion related to the personal characters of Asperger’s syndrome sufferer and Asperger’s syndrome difficulties in social interaction. Donald Morton, the main character of the film Mozart and Whale is one of representative about Asperger syndrome sufferer, this film which reveal the stories of two people with dysfunction of social skill and interaction. Donald an eccentric, a friendly taxi-driver, patterns and routines are of the utmost importance. In addition to his love for birds and his uncanny ability to process numbers, Donald does his best to give back to fellow Asperger's sufferers by leading an autism support group. He always behave likely normal people, until he meets Isabelle Sorenson, new member of his group, he change the way of his thought and behavior. His meeting with Isabelle makes them closer day by day and Isabelle become his love interest, until they dicided to live together. Both had miserable childhoods filled with basic misunderstandings about how the world works and major rejections by family and peers. As Asperger’s syndrome sufferer, Donald and his group are live with some difficulties in social interaction. Discrimination, bullying and teasing, also underestimation by normal people is often happen in their life. Although Donald has a social skills dysfunction, he is still having a good division 53 Definition of Film. Online at (http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=film). [accessed on July 27, 2011] Genres of Film. Online at (http://wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn?s=genreoffilm). [accessed on July 27, 2011] Hystory of Film. Online at (http:en.wikipedia.org/wiki/history_of_film) [accessed on July 25, 2011] Mozart and the Whale Script. Online at (http://www.rottentomatoes.com/m/mozart and the whale) [accessed on July 25, 2011] Appendix A Overall Data Finding No . The datum (dialogue/Quotation) Location (time) Number of problem to answer 1. DONALD GRACIE DONALD GRACIE DONALD : : : : : Gracie, can I see you for a minute? They’ll never find me. Ever. Regular people lose autistic people all the time. That’s just the way it is. (talking to other member) Yes, Donald… Gracie, I’m gonna run the meeting a little differently today. I think that when we get to the park… I want you to gather all the women and I’ll gather all the guys and go to bleachers. Why will I gather all the women? I want… I want everybody to practice telling personal stories. And I think that people will be less shy without the opposite sex. (speaks without eyes contact and busy with another stuff) 07: 01 1 2. (When they are gather in the park, Isabelle Sorenson, as the new member of this group deliver her stories) 12:11 1 ISABELLE GRACIE ISABELLE GRACIE Isabelle : : : : : Hi. Hi. I’m new. I don’t really know what to say. Okay, help me out. Ask me a question. The candy bar Baby Ruth was named after the daughter of Presiden Glover Cloveland. He once worked as a hangman in Buffalo, New York. No, I don’t distract with a lot of GRACIE : weird ball stuff cause I get completely lost. He was one of the president who had illegimate children together with Thomas Jefferson and Warren G. Harding. 3. (When Donald drives his cab, he tries to make a conversation with his passenger, but his conversation is only about him self and never get any feedback from his listener 04:05 1 DONALD : This is the best job I’ve ever had. It’d better be. It’s the last color. You see, I got fired from the Red Cab Company and the Checkered Boat Cab Company, and the Grenn Cab Company. But this was different. I can feel it. Eventhough I’ve been here for about 7 days, 9 hours and 37 minute. (Donald talking to his passengers without any feedback, and revolving to his self). 4. (When Donald drives his cab, he mentions how long he have been working for Yellow Cab Company) DONALD : but this was different, I can feel it. Eventhough I’ve been here for about 7 days, 9 hours and 37 minutes. 05:00 1 5. I DONALD : : I got a raise at the university, you know. 34 cents an hour. 10:15 1 HANK DONALD ISABELLE : : : All the birds were out. Hank Wallace, Isabelle. Nice to put a face with the voice. That’s right. We talked about what a genius Mr. Morton is. Not to mention a saint. Well, only this morning he advised me to be on my very tippy-toed best behavior tonight, so I don’t weird you out. So feel free to advise me if I deviate from normality at anytime. Sense of humor. We’re working on it. 9. ISABELLE DONALD ISABELLE DONALD : : : : And after everything she told me and chacking on your excellent record in college, I’m wondering why you choose to drive a taxi for a living. At my interview with IBM after I grduated college, they asked me what my plans were and I said : “Probably go to Mc Donald’s for a piece McNugget and cheeseburgers and then do my laundry. Did they laugh at least? They smiled and they said they’d call me. They didn’t. 45:10 2 10. ISABELLE DONALD ISABELLE : : : You’re just one more guy who sees who I really am and can’t handle it. It broke my heart to see how scared you were. Scared? Bringing home your boss to prove that you’re normal by showing off your smart pretty little wife? Only he saw that she was just as crazy as you are. Crazier! Crazier! There’ one difference between us, Donald. You want to be normal. You crave it. And that is what broke us up. 60:13 2 Appendix B List of the Data Supporting Statement Problem Number One 11. ISABELLE JONAH ISABELLE JONAH : : : : What are you laughing at, toots? At least my boyfriend is a vegetarian! You have a boyfriend? No, it’s a joke! You are the vegetarian because you’re a whale. Whales are not vegetarian. They eat krill. So why is that? Because they are tiny shrimp. That you’re a whale? For lots a reasons. 65: 50 2 12. INTERVIEWER DONALD INTERVIEWER : : : Mr.Morton, I run Administrative Services for the Medical Center. Yuor profile is a plus because we want to give opportunities to people with special needs. You can say “autistic”, I already know. The job would be looking at statistical runs finding inconsistencies. 70:16 2 No . The datum (dialogue/Quotation) Location (time) Number of problem to answer 1. DONALD GRACIE DONALD : : : Gracie, can I see you for a minute? They’ll never find me. Ever. Regular people lose autistic people all the time. That’s just the way it is. (talking to other member) Yes, Donald… Gracie, I’m gonna run the meeting 07:01 1 GRACIE DONALD : : a little differently today. I think that when we get to the park… I want you to gather all the women and I’ll gather all the guys and go to bleachers. Why will I gather all the women? I want… I want everybody to practice telling personal stories. And I think that people will be less shy without the opposite sex. (speaks without eyes contact and busy with another stuff) 2. (When they are gather in the park, Isabelle Sorenson, as the new member of this group deliver her stories) 12:11 1 ISABELLE GRACIE ISABELLE GRACIE Isabelle : : : : : Hi. Hi. I’m new. I don’t really know what to say. Okay, help me out. Ask me a question. The candy bar Baby Ruth was named after the daughter of Presiden Glover Cloveland. He once worked as a hangman in Buffalo, New York. No, I don’t distract with a lot of GRACIE : weird ball stuff cause I get completely lost. He was one of the president who had illegimate children together with Thomas Jefferson and Warren G. Harding. 3. (When Donald drives his cab, he tries to make a conversation with his passenger, but his conversation is only about him self and never get any feedback from his listener 04:05 1 DONALD : This is the best job I’ve ever had. It’d better be. It’s the last color. Appendix C List of the Data Supporting Statement Problem Number Two 1. DONALD ISABELLE DONALD ISABELLE DONALD HANK DONALD ISABELLE : : : : : : : : Izzy, we’re home! Can you shut the door? I told her to put everybody in his or her cages respectively but...she didn’t, and... Come on, you guys. Come on. Come on, you guys. Stay, stay. Come on. There she is. Izzy!! All the birds were out. Hank Wallace, Isabelle. Nice to put a face with the voice. That’s right. We talked about what a genius Mr. Morton is. Not to mention a saint. Well, only this morning he advised me to be on my very tippy-toed best behavior tonight, so I don’t weird you out. So feel free to advise me if I deviate from normality at anytime. Sense of humor. We’re working on it. 50:12 2 2. ISABELLE DONALD ISABELLE DONALD : : : : And after everything she told me and chacking on your excellent record in college, I’m wondering why you choose to drive a taxi for a living. At my interview with IBM after I grduated college, they asked me what my plans were and I said : “Probably go to Mc Donald’s for a piece McNugget and cheeseburgers and then do my laundry. Did they laugh at least? They smiled and they said they’d call me. They didn’t. 45:10 2 3. ISABELLE DONALD ISABELLE : : : You’re just one more guy who sees who I really am and can’t handle it. It broke my heart to see how scared you were. Scared? Bringing home your boss to prove that you’re normal by showing off your smart pretty little wife? Only he saw that she was just as crazy as you are. Crazier! Crazier! There’ one difference between us, Donald. You want to be normal. You crave it. And that is what broke us up. 60:13 2 4. ISABELLE JONAH ISABELLE JONAH : : : : What are you laughing at, toots? At least my boyfriend is a vegetarian! You have a boyfriend? No, it’s a joke! You are the vegetarian because you’re a whale. Whales are not vegetarian. They eat krill. So why is that? Because they are tiny shrimp. That you’re a whale? For lots a reasons. 65:50 2 5. INTERVIEWER DONALD INTERVIEWER : : : Mr.Morton, I run Administrative Services for the Medical Center. Yuor profile is a plus because we want to give opportunities to people with special needs. You can say “autistic”, I already know. The job would be looking at statistical runs finding inconsistencies. 70:16 2