Astronomy: Planetary Orbits, Gravity, and Moons, Exams of Physics

Download Astronomy: Planetary Orbits, Gravity, and Moons and more Exams Physics in PDF only on Docsity! Astro 7n Exam 1 Questions With 100% Correct Answers 2024 what two properties of a planet affect the gravity we feel on its surface - Correct Answer-mass and radius two planets have the same radius. If planet A is 5 times more massive than planet B, how does gravity differ on the surfaces of the two planets - Correct Answer-gravity is 5 times stronger on Planet A say that there were a planet X in our Solar System with a mass 1/4 the mass of Earth and a radius 1/2 the radius of Earth. How will the gravity on its surface compare to the surface gravity of earth - Correct Answer-surface gravity on planet X is the same as Earth a planet in a nearly circular orbit w its rotation axis tilted by 5 degrees relative to its orbital plane around its star would - Correct Answer-have seasons that are not very different from each other as compared to earths the rotation of the earth is - Correct Answer-tilted at about 23 degrees relative to the axis of the earths orbit around the sun in the diagram above, what season and plant is being represented by the red X on the planet on the left in orbit around the sun - Correct Answer-summer on uranus when is the waning gibbuous moon highest in the sky - Correct Answer-ab 3:00am what phase is the moon in, when observed by the person standing on the earth in the diagram above - Correct Answer- third quarter at what time will the moon set on the day of a solar eclipse - Correct Answer-sunset stars that are in the same constellation - Correct Answer-are likely to be at very different distances from us the "north star" is a star in the constellation of Ursa Minor, which lies just above the North pole of Earth. which of the following is true - Correct Answer-ursa minor is not a zodiac constellation in what ways does a 5 meter telescope outperform a 1 meter telescope - Correct Answer-its images are 25 times brighter than 1 meter a mountain top is a good location for optical telescopes because they site - Correct Answer-is above much of the atmosphere which statement ab the rotation of the Inner planets is true - Correct Answer-venus rotates in the opposite direction from the three others which of the following is true - Correct Answer-mercury rotates exactly one and a half times for every one revolution around the sun what do the orbits of the planets all lie in nearly the same plane - Correct Answer-early solar nebula flattened into a disk of these choices, which planet has the most moons - Correct Answer-saturn venus is visible to us - Correct Answer-only near sunrise or sunset a planet is in orbit around the sun. the semimajor axis of the orbit is 5 astronomical units (AU) use p sqaured= a cubed to calculate the period of the orbit, in years - Correct Answer- 11. 2 in the above diagram, how should the parameters of the white curve be changed in order that it matches the observed distance versus time graph of callisto - Correct Answer- increase p and shift the curve how do most craters on moons form - Correct Answer-impact of asteriods which planet has a temp of 800 degrees F on the side facing the sun and -290 degrees F on the side opposite of the sun - Correct Answer-mercury how many earth years does it take uranus to orbit the sun - Correct Answer-84 meteors are - Correct Answer-asteriods or comet debris that pass into earths atmosphere and burn up which feature of neptune is most responsible for its blue color - Correct Answer-methane in its atmosphere which of the following statements is TRUE - Correct Answer- planet saturn has more than 30 moons the surface of venus is hotter than the surface of mercury because - Correct Answer-venus is more massive and is able to retain a thick atmosphere which of the following is moving fastest in the orbit - Correct Answer-venus at its periheilon (closest point to the Sun) which of the following is false - Correct Answer-saturn has a density of 4.8 grams per cubic centimeter, similar to metals like aluminum and iron smaller mass will move faster if... - Correct Answer-same force being applied to it third law - Correct Answer-every action, equal and opposite reaction ex: third law - Correct Answer-floor holds ball up gravity pulls ball down --bowling ball force of gravity of sun keeps planets in orbit around it, but how do planets affect sun - Correct Answer-exert equally strong pull on sun, causing it to move slightly if you apply same amount of force to a pebble and a boulder, what will move faster - Correct Answer-pebble (smaller mass) mars has less gravity than - Correct Answer-earth how high are you jumping at twice earths mass - Correct Answer-half as much -twice gravity lower mass - Correct Answer-twice as high same mass, smaller radius - Correct Answer-less same mass, twice radius - Correct Answer-4x higher 3x radius - Correct Answer-jump 9x radius up, - Correct Answer-jump up gravity is inversely prooportional to - Correct Answer-radius g= - Correct Answer-M/r2 mass on planet twice that of another, w same radius, gravity felt on surface would be - Correct Answer-twice as strong larger seperation= - Correct Answer-less gravity radius were twice that of another - Correct Answer-gravity is 1/4 strong 1/2 squared if objects were moved 2 times closer (or 1/2) initial distance - Correct Answer-m1 x m2/ (1/2) squared 4 times what did newtons law of universal gravitational tell us ab how gravity works - Correct Answer-force of gravity from sun will be stronger on an object w more mass earths radius (6400 km). if u were in orbit in space shuttle station 150 km above ground, force of gravity from earth would be - Correct Answer-slightly weaker than when you are standing on earth -days and nights have equal length summer begins - Correct Answer-june 21 days longer than nights in north fall begins - Correct Answer-sept 21 equal length no tilt - Correct Answer-no seasons what has a similar tilt to its rotation axis as earth - Correct Answer-mars colder tho bc its farther from sun vernal equinox - Correct Answer-first day of spring/fall what happens to moon in 1 month - Correct Answer-moves once around the earth what causes phases of moon - Correct Answer-sun is lighting up different fractions of the part of the moon we see from earth order of phases - Correct Answer-new moon waxing crescent first quarter waxing gibbous full moon waning gibbous third quarter waning crescent new when is full moon visible - Correct Answer-only at night. It transits (highest in sky or overhead at midnight) full moon rises at - Correct Answer-sunset full moon sets at - Correct Answer-sunrise when is new moon visible - Correct Answer-during day. highest at noon new moon rises - Correct Answer-sunrise new moon sets - Correct Answer-sunset how are sun earth and moon positioned when its new moon - Correct Answer-straight line sun moon earth how are sun earth and moon positioned when its full moon - Correct Answer-sun earth diff constellations are visible at diff - Correct Answer-times of the year orion the hunter - Correct Answer-prominent in the winter ecliptic - Correct Answer-apparent path of sun over course of yr w respect to distant stars -- also refers to plane in which earth orbits sun zodiac constellation - Correct Answer-12 (or 13) constellations that lie along the ecliptic sun is inside a zodiac sign at all times - Correct Answer-in each one for ab a month, each yr sun was in constellation of ur zodiac sign during month - Correct Answer-you were born wait 6 months to see it at midnight winder zodiac signs - Correct Answer-ones opposite the sun in the winter summer zodiac signs - Correct Answer-ones opposite the sun in the summer from earth, which constellation might you find planet saturn - Correct Answer-taurus how many constellations can be seen at any given time from a single location - Correct Answer-44 constellations close to north pole - Correct Answer-move in circle around the north star light has some properties of a wave and other properties of - Correct Answer-a particle forms of light high to low energy - Correct Answer-gamma ray x-ray ultraviolet visible infared microwave radio high energy light - Correct Answer-high frequency --> low/short wavelength blue color low energy light - Correct Answer-low frequency high/long wavelength --> redcolor light is made up of little pockets called - Correct Answer- photons photons___ can be measured to determine its enegy - Correct Answer-wavelenth where do rainbows come from - Correct Answer-result of white light being split into its components parts of visible spectrum in region of electromagnetic spectrum, would an object near absolute zero radiate most - Correct Answer-radio in what region would a human being produce most radiation - Correct Answer-radio what region would an object at 600k radiate the most - Correct Answer-visible light dark lines in absorption spectrum - Correct Answer-particular energies of light coming from distant object that are absorbed by materials in between electrons in cloud of hydrogen gas are making transiton from excited to ground state. what does the spectrum of this cloud of hydrogen gas look like - Correct Answer-consist of few bright emission lines at specific wavelengths even largest ground based telescopes have resoltions imposed by - Correct Answer-atmopsheric burring of images magnify object, what happens to view of sky - Correct Answer- field gets smaller so u can see smaller area of sky telescope is only 1/4 of diamater of earth telescope - Correct Answer-larger telescope collects less light than other reflecting telescopes - Correct Answer-use mirror to collect n focus light refracting telescopes - Correct Answer-use lens to collect n focus light qualities of telescopes - Correct Answer-light-gathering angular resolution quality of instruments -->magnification not important telescopes collect light in proportion to area of their - Correct Answer-mirros angular resolution - Correct Answer-ability to distinguish/seperate two nearby light sources magnification - Correct Answer-zooms in smaller proportion telescopes above atmosphere r better bc - Correct Answer- certain kinds of radiation cant get through all the way to earths surface x-ray,gamma, UV IR -no atmospheric blurring above are worse - Correct Answer-it is hard/expensive to get a very large light-collecting area launched into space copernicus proposed - Correct Answer-heliocentric (sun center) replaced venus - Correct Answer-closest to earth -visible in western sky in evenings near sun -eastern sky before sunrise venus is - Correct Answer-slightly smaller than earth in mass venus rotational period - Correct Answer-long (243 days) yr (225 days) --> rotates clockwise day/night cycle - Correct Answer-117 earth days -west to east venus - Correct Answer-dense atmosphere (carbon dioxide) --> volcanic outgassing /sulfric acid in cloud s venus surface is - Correct Answer-very hot bc prescence of geenhouse gases density is 5.2 - Correct Answer-similar to mercury, made of metals/rocks venus has - Correct Answer-active volcanoes, huge lavaflows earth - Correct Answer-fairly thick atmosphere -nitrogen and oxygen plate tectonics - Correct Answer-rocky pates on surface of earth float on denser but more fluid rocky material, move around -mountains cause by collsions -earthquakes--> sliding past eachothre greenhouse effect - Correct Answer-energy from sun heats earth earths moon - Correct Answer-luna tera - Correct Answer-land -light-colored features, heavily crated, high peaks, olders, maria - Correct Answer-seas -dark, less crated, younger, filled by lava regolith - Correct Answer-powdery dust impact craters - Correct Answer-gouged from explosions moon lacks - Correct Answer-iron mars - Correct Answer-days/nights similar to earth -thin orangish sku --carbon dioxide - (-65) degrees --> ammonia, methane, and water vapor present (stripes) cloud of diff. colors diff. alt windspeeds reach - Correct Answer-360 km/hr great red spot - Correct Answer-giant storm spot -300 yrs Jupiter rotates - Correct Answer-rapidly (10hr) -12 earth yrs to orbit sun Jupiter inside temp - Correct Answer-very hot -rocky/metallic are magnetic fields are - Correct Answer-10x stronger bc metallic region -sinkers, floaters, hunters Jupiter has - Correct Answer-over 50 moons lo - Correct Answer-closest -more yellow/black dots -low crater sites -active volcanic sites europa - Correct Answer-no craters -water-ice surface -liquid water below icy crust Ganymede - Correct Answer-largest moon in solar system -icy crust callisto - Correct Answer-farthest--young, heavy crates saturn - Correct Answer-galileo discovered its rings -very thin -dust/ice mass is 100x earth -saturn could float (density is 0.7, less than water) -spin axis same as earth -hydrogen and helium saturn - Correct Answer-more than 50 morons -titan is largest titan - Correct Answer-second largest moon is solar system, very nitrogen-rich atmosphere like young earth -too cold for life uranus - Correct Answer-3rd largest -started w cloud of dust and gas (collapses due to gravity) -flattens and forms disk -sun forms at center -lumps in disks become planets terrestrial - Correct Answer-mercury venus earth mars jovian - Correct Answer-jupiter saturn uranus neptune mercury - Correct Answer-grayish--light venus - Correct Answer-light yellow NO ring -not gas giant earth - Correct Answer-normal luna - Correct Answer-earth moon darker gray mars - Correct Answer-red planet -white cap vesta - Correct Answer-dull gray, pitted Jupiter - Correct Answer-stripes -rings lo - Correct Answer-weird yellow w black specks europa - Correct Answer-pale white Ganymede - Correct Answer-odd marble callisto - Correct Answer-generally darker saturn - Correct Answer-looks like Jupiter but longer stretch bans titan - Correct Answer-orange uranus - Correct Answer-light blue miranda - Correct Answer-dull gray -swigly around edges neptune - Correct Answer-dark blue -few dark rings triton - Correct Answer-bumpy pluto - Correct Answer-black/tan