Astronomy Exam 1 Questions and Answers, Exams of Nursing

Download Astronomy Exam 1 Questions and Answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Astronomy Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2024) (52 Questions) What are the size and time scales seen in astronomy compared to what we use here on Earth everyday? - Correct Answer ✅1 year= time between solstices, 1 month= time between new moons, 1 day= time between noons, 1 week= 7 days= number of objects in the seen in the sky with the naked eye (sun, moon, and visible planets) How are the distance units light-year and astronomical unit defined? - Correct Answer ✅Scientific notation: 9.4607 x 10^12 km How far away are the nearest stars, and how big are galaxies and even large structures? - Correct Answer ✅Nearest stars are 4.24 light years away. The milky way is 100,000 light years across in diameter and 3000 light years thick. Most galaxies in the universe are actually smaller than the Milky Way How old is the Universe, and how old is the Earth? - Correct Answer ✅The Universe is estimated to be 13.8 billion years old and the Earth is estimated to be 4.5 billion years old In how many different ways are we moving relative to the rest of the Universe? - Correct Answer ✅Earth rotates on axis: > 1,000 km/hr. Astronomy Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2024) (52 Questions) Earth orbits Sun: > 100,000 km/hr Solar System moves among stars: ~70,00 km/hr Milky Way rotates: ~800,000 km/hr Milky Way moves in local group: ~ 1,100,000 km/hr. Universe expands What is the relationship between distance, velocity, and time? - Correct Answer ✅Velocity is the measure of the amount of distance an object covers in a given amount of time v= d/t What is meant by science, and how can a science be distinguished from a non-science? - Correct Answer ✅Science is the study of the natural world based on simple repeatable steps used to acquire and interpret data. It can be distinguish from non-science because it seeks explanations for observed phenomena that rely solely on natural causes What are the steps of the scientific method? - Correct Answer ✅Ask a question, do background research, construct a hypothesis, test an experiment, results, analyze data/ draw conclusions, confirm or deny hypothesis Astronomy Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2024) (52 Questions) What are the 4 times of the year when we mark the changing of the seasons, and how can we tell when they occur using astronomy? - Correct Answer ✅Spring, Summer, Fall, and Winter: we can tell by the change in temperature as well as the change in light being emitted onto Earth What is precession, and how does it change the position of stars? Over what time scale does the Earth precess? - Correct Answer ✅The slow movement of the axis of a spinning body around another axis due to a torque acting to change the direction of the first axis. It takes about 26,000 years for precession to occur Why do we see phases of the Moon, and why does the Moon always have the same side facing us? - Correct Answer ✅From Earth, we see different portions of the moon's surface lit by the Sun. The same lunar hemisphere always faces Earth because the amount of time it takes the moon to rotate on its axis is the same amount of time it takes to circle our planet (about 27 days) What is an eclipse, what has to happen to see a solar or lunar eclipse, and why are they not that common? - Correct Answer ✅An eclipse is when an object moves in front of another object. A lunar eclipse is when the moon Astronomy Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2024) (52 Questions) movies into the shadow by the Earth. A solar eclipse is when the moon moves between us (the Earth) and the sun. They are not that common because there needs to be an exact alignment of the Earth, sun and moon to create an eclipse. What is retrograde motion, and what really causes it? - Correct Answer ✅An apparent motion of planets in a direction opposite that of other bodies within its system. It is an illusion caused by the motion of the Earth and these planets around the Sun (when one more slower in orbit that the other) What lengths of time are defined by astronomy, and how do sidereal time periods vary from solar or lunar time periods and why? - Correct Answer ✅IAU- international astronomical union Sidereal time for lunar: 365 days (how long it takes to get around the sun) Sidereal time for solar: 27 days (how long it takes the moon to make one rotation) How did ancient societies use astronomy? What evidence do we have showing how they did this? - Correct Answer ✅Backbone of their social, political, and religious systems Astronomy Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2024) (52 Questions) Festivals, planting crops/ harvesting , etc. What is the geocentric model, and why did the ancient Greeks adopt it instead of a heliocentric model? - Correct Answer ✅Earth is the center of the Universe. The explanation that the Greeks used was Epicycles. What are epicycles, and why were they used in geocentric models of the solar system? - Correct Answer ✅The planets were not orbiting the Earth directly, but were orbiting in small circles a point which was orbiting the Earth. (The Greeks thought we were the center of the Universe and since the planets do not always move in the same direction at a constant speed this was their logic) What were the contributions that Copernicus, Brahe, Kepler, and Galileo made to the discovery and adoption of the heliocentric model? - Correct Answer ✅Copernicus- formulated the model of the universe that placed the sun in the center Brahe- known for his accurate and comprehensive astronomical and planetary observations (done without calculator or any help!) Kepler- laws of planetary motion Astronomy Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2024) (52 Questions) What are conservations laws, and how do we use them to understand astronomical systems? - Correct Answer ✅States that a particular measurable property of an isolated physical system does not change as the system evolves over time. Conservation of energy, conservation of linear momentum, conservation of angular momentum, and conservation of electric charge. How do we use the conservation laws to explain why objects orbit each other in the way Kepler described? - Correct Answer ✅Kepler's First Law- The Law of Ellipses: The path of the planets about the Sun is elliptical in shape, with the center of the Sun being located at on focus. What is gravity, and how do we calculate the gravitational force exerted by objects on each other? - Correct Answer ✅Gravity is the force that attracts a body towards the center of the earth. F= G(m1m2/r^2)--Where G is the gravitational constant, r is the distance between two objects, and F is the magnitude of the force between the objects. Why do all objects feel the same acceleration from gravity here on Earth? - Correct Answer ✅The value of acceleration is the same for all objects: -9.8 Astronomy Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2024) (52 Questions) m/s. That means that no matter what you drop, the fall at the same speed. The thing that changes the falling rate is air speed What is energy, and what types of energy can an object have? - Correct Answer ✅Kinetic energy- energy of motion Radiative energy- energy created by light Potential energy- stored energy (gravitational, chemical, and mass) What is light? How do we experience it and use it everyday? - Correct Answer ✅The natural agent that stimulated sight and makes things visible. Light comes from the sun when the Earth rotates in its direction, we use it every day for growing crops, tanning, seeing outside, and some many other things How do matter and light interact? - Correct Answer ✅1. Emission- the matter gives of light 2. Absorption- the matter absorbs light 3. Reflection- the light bounces off the surface of the object, changing its direction of travel Astronomy Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2024) (52 Questions) What is a photon, and how do you define the wavelength, frequency, and energy of a photon? - Correct Answer ✅Photon- a particle representing a quantum of light or other electromagnetic radiation Wavelength- the distance between successive crests of a wave Frequency- the rate at which something occurs or is repeated over a particular period of time or a given sample Energy of a photon- E=hf (energy, constant, frequency) How is the color of light a star related to its temperature? How is its luminosity related to both temperature and size? - Correct Answer ✅The hotter a star, the more blue it is. As the size of the star increases, luminosity increase. The hotter the star, the higher the luminosity is. What is the speed of light? - Correct Answer ✅300,000 hmm/s or 180,000 miles/s What is the electromagnetic spectrum, and what types of light exist other than that our eyes can see? - Correct Answer ✅The range of all types of radiation: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, x-rays, and gamma rays. We can only see the visible light with the human eye. Astronomy Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2024) (52 Questions) What is a telescope? What are the two most important properties when defining a telescope? - Correct Answer ✅An optical instrument designed to make distant objects appear nearer, obtaining an arrangement of lenses, or of curved mirror and lenses, by which ways of light are collected and focused and the resulting imaged magnified. Light-collecting area, and angular resolution What is the difference between a refracting and a reflecting telescope? - Correct Answer ✅Refraction is the bending of light when it passes from one substance into another Reflecting is the incident ray of the beam of light that initially strikes the mirror of the reflected ray is the beam of light that bounces off the mirror after striking the mirror What advantage does the Hubble Space Telescope have over optical telescopes on Earth? - Correct Answer ✅In space, telescopes are able to get a clearer shot of everything from exploding stars to other galaxies. On Earth much of the infrared and ultraviolet light isn't detected but in space it is Astronomy Exam 1 Questions and Answers (Latest Update 2024) (52 Questions) Why do we have to put gamma ray, X-ray, and infrared telescopes into space? - Correct Answer ✅This is the only way to view these rays because of Earth the are absorbed and not visible