Metabolism and Atherosclerosis: Understanding the Role of Glucose, Fat, and Cholesterol - , Study notes of Biology

Download Metabolism and Atherosclerosis: Understanding the Role of Glucose, Fat, and Cholesterol - and more Study notes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! 23 March Atherosclerosis Restricted blood flow due to buildup of plaque (macrophages, cholesterol) in arteriole wall Statins Prevent synthesis of cholesterol in liver Figure 16.13 Cholesterol balance – liver Figure 16.6 Fat and glucose metabolism Metabolism Refers to all chemical reactions in which complex molecules are broken down to produce energy, and by which energy is used to build up complex molecules Involves catabolic (breakdown complex molecules) and anabolic reactions Amino acids, free fatty acids, and glucose all exist in body “pools” All needed for energy production, synthesis, storage Catabolism – break down, yield energy Anabolism – synthesis, use energy Gluconeogenesis Lactate, glycerol, amino acids → glucose Only occurs in liver Glycogenolysis Glycogen → glucose Occurs in liver Glycogen → ATP Occurs in muscle Glycogenesis Glucose → glycogen Occurs in liver and muscle Absorptive and post-absorptive states Functional states of the body to provide energy for cellular activities Absorptive state: nutrients enter blood stream from GI tract Post-absorptive state: GI tract is empty, cellular stores provide most energy Figure 16.1 Major metabolic pathways – absorptive state Amino acids Some converted to keto acids in liver for energy Most used in cells for proteins Glucose Glycogen in liver Combed with fatty acids to store as triglycerides (liver, adipose) Energy Triglycerides