Pharmacology Cheat Sheet: Common Medications, Their Uses, and Side Effects, Exams of Pharmacology

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ATI Comprehensive Pharmacology Questions and Answers 0.8-2 - Correct answer therapeutic level of Digoxin: 0.4-1.4 - Correct answer therapeutic level of Lithium: 4-8 - Correct answer therapeutic level of Magnesium Sulfate: 10-20 - Correct answer therapeutic level of Phenytoin: do not exceed 4g in 24 hr - Correct answer Toxic level of acetaminophen: > 2 - Correct answer Toxic level of Digoxin: > 1.5 - Correct answer Toxic level of Lithium: > 9 - Correct answer Toxic level of Magnesium Sulfate: > 30 - Correct answer Toxic level of Phenytoin: Flumazenil (be careful!!!! benzos are not narcotics) - Correct answer Benzodiazepine antidote: protamine sulfate - Correct answer Heparin antidote: vitamin K - Correct answer Warfarin antidote: succimer - Correct answer Lead antidote: calcium gluconate - Correct answer Mag sulfate antidote: Digoxin Immune Fab (Digibind) - Correct answer Digoxin antidote: ACE inhibitors (antihypertensive) - Correct answer -pril Angioedema, Cough, Elevated potassium, rash - Correct answer ACE inhibitor side effects: ARBs - Correct answer -sartan angioedema, GI upset - Correct answer ARBs (-sartan) side effects: nifedipine, verapamil, diltiazem, amlodipine - Correct answer name 4 CCBs: constipation, may increase heart failure, reflex tachycardia - Correct answer CCB side effects: reduces peripheral vascular resistance, heart rate, systolic and diastolic BP; drowsiness, dry mouth, black or sore tongue - Correct answer Clonidine: Beta Blockers (-olol) - Correct answer This group of medications can cause bronchospasm; BE CAREFUL with use in asthma patients cyanide toxicity, thiocyanate poisoning - Correct answer 2 side effects unique to nitroprusside: Digoxin - Correct answer increases force and contraction of heat, decreases the conduction rate; can cause bradycardia and dysrhythmias, take pulse before administration!!! if below 60 hold med: N&V first sign!!!, GI upset, fatigue, VISION CHANGES - Correct answer Digoxin Toxicity: Adenosine - Correct answer causes flushing, bronchospasm, asystole, give RAPID IV PUSH, flush IMMEDIATELY with normal saline Amiodarone - Correct answer used to treat Vfib and Vtach, can cause bradycardia, cariogenic shock, pulmonary disorders, can be given PO for longterm use, not compatible with heparin: to reduce secretions because of its anticholinergic effects - Correct answer Atropine other use besides for bradycardia: desmopressin/vasopressin - Correct answer monitor urine specific gravity, BP, and output; instruct for use of nasal spray: Steroids - Correct answer adrenal hormone replacement therapy for Addison's disease: infection, hyperglycemia, weight gain, osteoporosis, GI bleed, fluid retention, hypokalemia, adrenal suppression - Correct answer steroid side effects: to replace clotting factors - Correct answer When do you give FFP? Epoetin alfa - Correct answer stimulates RBC production Filgrastim - Correct answer stimulates WBC production (neutropenia) Oprelvekin - Correct answer stimulates platelet production (thrombocytopenia) hypertension - Correct answer Epoetin alfa can cause: bone pain, leukocytosis - Correct answer Filgrastim can cause: fluid retention, blurred vision, dysrhythmias - Correct answer Oprelvekin can cause: Ferrous sulfate - Correct answer dilute med with juice or water, administer with straw (avoid contact with test), encourage orange juice with vitamin c (vitamin c facilitates absorption) iron dextran - Correct answer parenteral iron for patients that cannot take it by mouth (IM and IV) use a large bore needle to draw up, change needle, Z track, NEVER in deltoid muscle, do not massage - Correct answer When giving iron dextran IM, administer small test dose, observe patient for 15m then slowly administer additional - Correct answer When giving iron dextran IV, heparin - Correct answer Which anticoagulant is used for DIC? NO - Correct answer Is warfarin safe in pregnancy? Warfarin - Correct answer oral contraceptives and foods with vitamin K may decrease effects of : aPTT - Correct answer monitor which lab for heparin? PT and INR - Correct answer monitor which labs for warfarin? "G" herbs - Correct answer avoid which herbs when on warfarin? increase effects of warfarin - Correct answer garlic, ginger, and gingko: blocks warfarin effects - Correct answer ginseng: Anti-platelet - Correct answer clopidogrel anti platelet - Correct answer abciximab thrombolytics - Correct answer -plase, dissolve existing clots intracranial hemorrhage, active internal bleeding, aortic dissection, brain tumors - Correct answer contraindications for thrombolytics: - Correct answer side effects of desmopressin/vasopressin: PPIs - Correct answer -prazole increase risk of pneumonia in COPD, increase risk of osteoporosis - Correct answer PPIs and H2 blockers: H2 blockers (famotidine=pepcid) - Correct answer -tidine H2 blockers (-tidine) - Correct answer decrease libido, impotence, lethargy, depression, confusion IM large muscle - Correct answer how is promethazine administered? Metoclopramide - Correct answer this medication causes RAPID GI emptying tardive dyskinesia - Correct answer stiff, jerky movements of your face and body that you can't control, repetitive involuntary movements such as grimacing or blinking metoclopramide - Correct answer can be used as an antiemetic or given to patient with ng tube with increase residual diarrhea, restlessness, EPS, tardive dyskinesia, rapid GI emptying - Correct answer side effects of metoclopramide: antidiarrheal - Correct answer Loperamide (Imodium) antidiarrheal - Correct answer diphenoxylate + atropine increase risk for megacolon in IBS patients, contraindicated with COPD, constipation, drowsiness, dry mouth, blurred vision - Correct answer antidiarrheals cause: docusate sodium - Correct answer stool softener (Colace) bulk forming agent (decreases diarrhea) - Correct answer psyllium milk of mag - Correct answer magnesium hydroxide Spironolactone - Correct answer potassium-sparing diuretic: furosemide, bumetanide - Correct answer loop diuretics: hydrochlorothiazide, chlorothiazide - Correct answer thiazide diuretics: hyperkalemia, endocrine effects (impotence, menstrual irregularities) - Correct answer spironolactone effects: potassium - Correct answer clients taking loop and thiazide diuretics need a diet high in: Gi discomfort, GI ulceration, renal impairment, photosensitive - Correct answer NSAID side effects: agitation, confusion, hallucinations - Correct answer Serotonin syndrome: smoked meats, AGED cheese, wine, chocolate - Correct answer Tyramines: B6 - Correct answer pyridoxine treatment and prevention of osteoporosis - Correct answer -dronate sit upright at least 30 min after taking, take in the morning on an empty stomach with a full glass of water, consume adequate amounts of vitamin D - Correct answer Special considerations for -dronate meds: musculoskeletal pain, esophagitis, GI discomfort, jaw pain, Afib - Correct answer side effects of -dronate meds: DMARDS Glucocorticoids NSAIDs - Correct answer 3 groups of meds used as anti rheumatics: methotrexate - Correct answer use reliable form of contraception when taking this drug, take with food, increases risk of infection, causes bone marrow suppression, GI ulceration Hydroxychloroquine - Correct answer DMARD that can cause retinal damage!!! get biannual eye exams: DMARD (antirheumatic) - Correct answer etanercept DMARD (antirheumatic) - Correct answer infliximab DMARD (antirheumatic) - Correct answer adalimumab allopurinol, colchicine - Correct answer 2 anti-gout meds: allopurinol - Correct answer inhibits uric acid production for CHRONIC gouty arthritis Colchicine - Correct answer inhibits processes to prevent leukocytes from invading joints, ACUTE gout anti-gout - Correct answer avoid food high in PURINES with what type of drugs? red blood meats, shellfish, liver, alcohol, yeast-based beverages-beer, canned fish - Correct answer Purines: benzos (-am), Buspirone, antidepressants (-ine) - Correct answer 3 types of anti anxiety meds: SSRIs and SNRIs (antidepressants) - Correct answer monitor for Serotonin Syndrome for first 72 hours in which meds? weight gain, sexual dysfunction, fatigue, drowsiness - Correct answer effects of SSRIs and SNRIs: antidepressants - Correct answer amitriptyline and imiptramine: amitriptyline and imipramine - Correct answer which 2 antidepressants are contraindicated in persons with seizure disorder and should not be given with use of St. Johns Wort? MAOIs - Correct answer isocarboxazid, tranylcypromine, phenelzine: Tyramines and almost all types of meds (especially other antidepressants) (concurrent use can cause hypertensive crisis) - Correct answer If taking MAOIs, avoid: lithium carbonate - Correct answer bipolar medication: lithium toxicity - Correct answer large visible hand tremors can indicate: FINE hand tremors (expected finding), polyuria (monitor sodium levels), hypothyroidism, renal toxicity - Correct answer side effects of lithium carbonate: ambien (sleep med) - Correct answer zolpidem must wait 12 hour between time of last alcohol intake to start medication - Correct answer How soon can you start Disulfiram treatment to help with alcohol abstinence? headache, metallic taste, hepatotoxicity - Correct answer side effects of Disulfiram (besides the ones if alcohol is consumed): methadone - Correct answer prevents withdrawal symptoms in clients who were addicted to opiate drugs yes - Correct answer is methadone safe in pregnancy? neostigmine - Correct answer medication for myasthenia gravis: slow HR, chest pain, weak shallow breathing, feeling of passing out, seizures, trouble swallowing - Correct answer neostigmine side effects: anti-parkisons meds (carbidopa/levodopa, benztropine) - Correct answer increase dopamine to minimize tremors and rigidity: carbidopa/levodopa, benztropine - Correct answer 2 anti-parkinsons meds: glaucoma - Correct answer Benztropine is contraindicated in clients with: anti-parkisons meds (carbidopa/levodopa, benztropine) - Correct answer avoid foods high in protein with what meds? muscle twitching, eyelid twitching, dark urine, headache, dizziness - Correct answer effects of anti-parkinsons meds: carbamazepine, gabapentin, phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproic acid - Correct answer 5 antiseizure medications: carbamazepine - Correct answer antiseziure med that is contraindicated in clients who have bone marrow suppression or bleeding disorders: phenytoin - Correct answer side effects of this drug are gingival hypertrophy, diplopia, drowsiness, hirsutism