Nursing Advocacy: Ensuring Client Safety, Health, and Rights, Exams of Nursing

Download Nursing Advocacy: Ensuring Client Safety, Health, and Rights and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! ATI RN Fundamentals Evaluated Practice Questions 2019 A With NGN A nurse is admitting a client who has an abdominal wound with a large amount of purple tissue drainage. Which of the following types of transmission precautions should the nurse initiate? Protective environment Airborne precautions Droplet precautions Contact precautions - CORRECT ANSWER -Contact precautions A nurse is caring for a client who is expressing anger about his diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? -Discuss the risk factors for colon cancer. -Focus teaching on what the client will need to do in the future to manage his illness. -Provide the client with written information about the phases of loss & grief. -Reassure the client that this is an expected response to grief. - CORRECT ANSWER --Reassure the client that this is an expected response to grief. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following a knee arthroplasty & requires the use of thigh-length sequential compression sleeves. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? -Assist the client into a prone position -Place a sleeve over the top of each leg with the opening at the knee -Make sure two finger can fit under the sleeves -Set ankle pressure at 65 mmHg - CORRECT ANSWER --Make sure two finger can fit under the sleeves A nurse is preparing to apply a dressing for a client who has a stage 2 pressure injury. Which of the following types of dressings should the nurse use? Alienate Gauze Transparent Hydrocolloid - CORRECT ANSWER -Hydrocolloid A nurse is preparing an education program for the staff about advocacy. Which of the following information should the nurse include? -Advocacy ensures clients' safety, health, & rights. -Advocacy series that nurses are able to explain their own actions. -Advocacy ensures that nurses follow through on their promises to clients. -Advocacy ensures fairness in client care delivery and use of resources. - CORRECT ANSWER -Advocacy ensures clients' safety, health, & rights. A nurse is admitting a new client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take while performing medication reconciliation? -Verify the client's name on their identification bracelet with the medication administration record -Call the pharmacy to determine whether the client's medications are available -Compare the clients home medications with the provider's prescriptions -Place the client's home medication bottles in a secure location - CORRECT ANSWER -Compare the clients home medications with the provider's prescriptions A nurse is assessing an older adult client's risk for falls. Which of the following assessments should the nurse use to identify the client's safety need? (Select all that apply) -Lacrimal apparatus -Pupil clarity -Appearance of bulbar conjunctivae -Visual fields A nurse is talking with the partner of a client who has dementia. The client's partner expresses frustration about finding time to manage household responsibilities while caring for their partner. The nurse should identify that the partner is experiencing which of the following types of role-performance stress? Role ambiguity Sick role Role overload Role conflict - CORRECT ANSWER -Role overload The client reported fever, chills, cough, and night sweats for the past 2 weeks the nurse is placing the client on isolation precautions. which of the following interventions should the nurse include? -wear an N95 mask when caring for the client -place a container for soiled linens inside the client's room -place the client in a negative airflow room -remove the mask after exiting the client's room -wear a sterile, water-resistant gown if within 3 feet of the client. - CORRECT ANSWER --wear an N95 mask when caring for the client -place a container for soiled linens inside the clients room -place the client in a negative airflow room -remove mask after exiting the clients room A nurse is preparing to administer an injection of an opioid medication to a client. The nurse draws out 1 mL of the medication from a 2 mL vial. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? -Ask another nurse to observe the medication wastage. -Notify the pharmacy when wasting the medication. -Lock the remaining medication in the controlled substances cabinet. -Dispose of the vial with the remaining medication in a sharps container. - CORRECT ANSWER -Ask another nurse to observe the medication wastage. A nurse is using an open irrigation technique to irrigate a client's indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? -Place the client in a side-lying position -Instill 15 mL of irrigation fluid into the catheter with each flush -Subtract the amount of irritant used from the clients urine output -Perform the irrigation using a 20 mL syringe - CORRECT ANSWER -Subtract the amount of irritant used from the clients urine output A nurse is teaching a client & his family how to care for the client's tracheotomy at home Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? -Remove the outer cannula cautiously for routine cleaning -Use tracheostomy covers when outdoors -Use sterile technique when performing tracheostomy care at home -Cleanse irritated skin w/ full strength hydrogen peroxide - CORRECT ANSWER -Use tracheostomy covers when outdoors A nurse is educating a client who has a terminal illness about declining resuscitation in a living will. The client asks, "What will happen if I arrived at the emergency department & I had difficulty breathing?" Which of the following responses should the nurse make? -"We would consult the person appointed by your health care proxy to make decisions." -"We would give you oxygen through a tube in your nose." -"You would be unable to change your previous wishes about your care." -"We would insert a breathing tube while we evaluate your condition." - CORRECT ANSWER -"We would give you oxygen through a tube in your nose." the nurse should first , ...... followed by........ - CORRECT ANSWER --review medications that might be causing confusion - using other methods to keep the client safe A nurse is initiating a protective environment for a client who has had an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Which of the following precautions should the nurse plan for this client? -Make sure the client's room has at least six air exchanges per hour. -Make sure the client wears a mask when outside her room if there's construction in the area. -Place the client in a private room with negatives-pressure airflow. -Wear an N95 respirator when giving client direct care. - CORRECT ANSWER -Make sure the client wears a mask when outside her room if there's construction in the area. The nurse is preparing to administer 0.9% sodium chloride 750 mL IV to infuse over 7 hr. The nurse should set the infusion pump to deliver how many mL/hr? (Round to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.) - CORRECT ANSWER -107 mL/hr A nurse is teaching for a client who has heart failure. which of the following 3 statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching ? -"I have been weighing myself every other morning" -"i am trying to decrease my intake of foods with potassium" -i" i am limiting my sodium intake to 2 grams daily" -" i am eating fewer potato chips and more fruit for snacks" -" i will lie down and rest after meals" -" i know to call my doctor if i gain 3 pounds or more in 2 days" - CORRECT ANSWER -- i am limiting my sodium intake to 2 grams daily" -i am eating fewer potato chips and more fruit for snacks -i know to call my doctor if i gain 3 pounds or more in 2 days" A nurse is admitting a client who is having an exacerbation of heart failure. In planning this client's care, when should the nurse initiate discharge planning? During the admission process As soon as the client's condition is stable During the initial team conference After consulting with the client's family - CORRECT ANSWER -During the admission process A nurse manager is preparing to review medication documentation with a group of newly licenses nurses. Which of the following statements should the nurse manager plan to include in the teaching? "Use the complete name of the medication magnesium sulfate." "Delete the space between the numerical dose & the unit of measure." "Write the letter U when noting the dosage of insulin." "Use the abbreviation SC when indicating an injection." - CORRECT ANSWER -"Use the complete name of the medication magnesium sulfate." A nurse in a long term care facility is caring for a client who dies during the nurse's shift. Identify the sequence in which the nurse should perform the following steps. (By placing them in the order of performance) - CORRECT ANSWER -1. Obtain the pronouncement of death from the provider2. Remove tubes and indwelling catheters3. Wash the clients body4. Ask the client's family members if they'd like to view the body5. Place a name tag on the body A nurse is auscultating the anterior chest of a client who was newly admitted to a medical-surgical unit. listen to the audio clip of what the nurse auscultates through the stethoscope and identify the type of breath sounds crackles rhonchi friction rub normal breath sounds - CORRECT ANSWER -normal breath sounds A nurse on a medical-surgical unit is caring for a client who has a new prescription for wrist restraints. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? Pad the client's wrist before applying the restraints Evaluate the client's circulation every 8 hr after application Remove the restraints every 4 hr to evaluate the client's status Secure the restraints to the bed's side rails - CORRECT ANSWER -Pad the client's wrist before applying the restraints A nurse is preparing a change-of-shift report. which of the following tools or documents should the nurse use to communicate continuity of care? Critical pathway Situation, background, assessment, & recommendation (SBAR)Transfer report Medication administration record (MAR) - CORRECT ANSWER -(SBAR)Transfer report A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative following abdominal surgery click to highlight the assessment findings below that the nurse should report to the provider. - CORRECT ANSWER -urinary output reported pain level vital signs A nurse is performing a home safety assessment for a client who is receiving supplemental oxygen. Which of the following observations should the nurse identify as proper safety protocol? The client uses a wool blanket on their bed. The client identifies the location of a fire extinguisher The client stores an extra oxygen tank on its side under the bed. The client has a weekly inspection checklist for oxygen equipment. - CORRECT ANSWER -The client identifies the location of a fire extinguisher A nurse is assessing four adult clients. Which of the following physical assessment techniques should the nurse use? -Use the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, & Consolability (FLACC) pain rating scale for a client who is experiencing pain. -Ensure the bladder of the blood pressure cuff surrounds 80% of the client's arm. -Obtain an apical heart rate by auscultating the third intercostal space left of the sternum. -Palpate the client's abdomen before auscultating bowel sounds. - CORRECT ANSWER -Ensure the bladder of the blood pressure cuff surrounds 80% of the client's arm. A nurse in a providers office is assessing the deep tendon reflexes of a client. Which of the following images should the nurse identify as indicating the correct technique for eliciting the clients patellar reflex? - CORRECT ANSWER -tap the patellar tendon just below the knee using a reflex hammer nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client about self-administering heparin. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include? -Insert the needle at 15 degree angle -Aspirate for blood return prior to administration -Administer the medication into the abdomen -Massage the site following the injection - CORRECT ANSWER --Administer the medication into the abdomen -"They allow health care personnel in the emergency department to stabilize a client's condition." - CORRECT ANSWER -"They indicate the form of treatment a client is willing to accept in the event of a serious illness." A nurse is caring for a client who has a terminal illness & is at the end of life. The nurse should recognize that which of the following statements by the client's partner indicates effective coping? -"I am not worries because I still have hope that he will be okay." -"I am relying on support from our family during this time." -"We can plan our family reunion once he recovers & comes home." -"We don't see any reason to start discussing funeral arrangements right now." - CORRECT ANSWER --"I am relying on support from our family during this time." A nurse is caring for a client who has pneumonia complete the following sentence by using the list of options The nurse should identify that the client might be experiencing ...... as evidenced by the client's........... - CORRECT ANSWER -extravasation, IV catheter site A nurse is caring for a client who has an aggressive form of prostate cancer. the provider briefly discusses treatment options & leaves the client's room. When the nurse asks if the client would like to discuss any concerns, the client decides. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? -"I will return shortly after I document this in your record." -"Most men live a long time with prostate cancer." -"I am available to talk if you should change your mind." -"I will make a referral to a cancer support group for you." - CORRECT ANSWER --"I am available to talk if you should change your mind." A nurse is responding to a call light & finds a client lying on the bathroom floor. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first? -Check the client for injuries -Move hazardous objects away from the client -Notify the provider -Ask the client to describe how she felt prior to the fall - CORRECT ANSWER -Check the client for injuries A nurse is caring for a client who has herpes zoster and asks the nurse about the use of complimentary & alternative therapies for pain control. The nurse should inform the client that this condition is a contraindication for with of the following therapies?Biofeedback Aloe Feverfew Acupuncture - CORRECT ANSWER -Acupuncture A nurse is caring for a client who has a new diagnosis of seizure disorder. the nurse should first address the clients....... followed by the clients ....... - CORRECT ANSWER -physical safety positioning A nurse is reviewing evidence-based practice principles about administration of oxygen therapy with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following actions should the nurse include? -Regulate the flow rate by aligning the rate with the top of the ball inside the flow meter -Regulate oxygen via nasal cannula at a flow rate of no more than 6 L/min -Make sure reservoir bag of partial rebreather mask remains deflated -Use petroleum jelly to lubricate the client's nares, face, & lips - CORRECT ANSWER --Regulate oxygen via nasal cannula at a flow rate of no more than 6 L/min A nurse is preparing to administer enoxaparin subcutaneously to a client. Which of the following actions should the ruse take? -Administer the mediation with the needles at a 45 degree angle -Administer the medication into the client's nondominant arm -Pull the clients skin laterally or downward prior to administration -Massage the injection site after administration - CORRECT ANSWER -Administer the mediation with the needles at a 45 degree angle A nurse is assessing a client who reports increased pain following physical therapy. Which of the following questions should the nurse ask when assessing the quality of the pain? "Is your pain constant or intermittent?' "What would you rate your pain on a scale of 0-10?" "Does the pain radiate?" "Is your pain sharp or dull?" - CORRECT ANSWER -"Is your pain sharp or dull?" A nurse is caring for a child who has prescription for a blood transfusion. The child's parents have refused the treatment due to their religious beliefs. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? -Examine personal values about the issue -Tell the parents that this is a necessary procedure -Inform the parents that the staff does not require their consent -Contact a spiritual support person to explain the importance of the procedure - CORRECT ANSWER - Examine personal values about the issue A nurse is caring for a client who has COPD select 3 findings that require follow-up breath sounds blood pressure oxygen saturation temperature heart rate - CORRECT ANSWER -breath sounds Clearing stairs of any object that could cause the client to trip or require them to bend over while walking will decrease the risk for falls. A nurse is planning care for a client who has had a stroke, resulting in aphasia and dysphagia. Which of the following tasks should the nurse assign to an assistive personnel? SATA 1. Assist the client with a partial bed bath. 2. Measure the client's BP after the nurse administers an antihypertensive medication. 3. Test the client's swallowing ability by providing thickened liquids. 4. Use a communication board to ask what the client wants for lunch. 5. Irrigate the client's indwelling urinary catheter. - CORRECT ANSWER -1, 2, 4 Assisting a client with a bed bath poses minimal risk to the client and is within the AP's range of function. Measuring a client's BP poses minimal risk to the client and is within the AP's range of function. Using a communication board poses minimal risk to the client and is within the AP's range of function. A nurse is caring for a client who is expressing anger about his diagnosis of colorectal cancer. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? 1. Discuss the risk factors for colon cancer. 2. Focus teaching on what the client will need to do in the future to manage his illness. 3. Provide the client with written information about the phases of loss and grief. 4. Reassure the client that this is an expected response to grief. - CORRECT ANSWER -4 During the anger stage of the client's psychosocial adaptation to illness, the nurse should support the client and explain that this is an expected reaction to a cancer diagnosis. A nurse is preparing to apply a dressing for a client who has a stage 2 pressure injury. Which of the following types of dressings should the nurse use? 1. Alginate 2. Gauze 3. Transparent 4. Hydrocolloid - CORRECT ANSWER -4 Hydrocolloid dressings promote healing in stage 2 pressure injuries by creating a moist wound bed. A nurse is administering an otic medication to an older adult client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to ensure the medication reaches the inner ear? 1. Press gently on the tragus of the client's ear. 2. Pack a small piece of cotton deep into the client's ear canal. 3. Move the client's auricle down and back toward her head. 4. Tilt the client's head backward for 5 min. - CORRECT ANSWER -1 Pressing gently on the tragus of the ear will help the medication get into the inner ear. A nurse is using an open irrigation technique to irrigate a client's indwelling urinary catheter. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? 1. Place the client in a side-lying position. 2. Instill 15 mL of irrigation fluid into the catheter with each flush. 3. Subtract the amount of irrigant used from the client's urine output. 4. Perform the irrigation using a 20-mL syringe. - CORRECT ANSWER -3 The nurse should calculate the fluid used for irrigation and subtract it from the client's total urinary output. A nurse is initiating a protective environment for a client who had an allogeneic stem cell transplant. Which of the following precautions should the nurse plan for this client? 1. Make sure the client's room has at least six air exchanges per hour. 2. Make sure the client wears a mask when outside her room if there is construction in the area. 3. Place the client in a private room with negative-pressure airflow. 4. Wear an N95 respirator when giving the client direct care. - CORRECT ANSWER -2 An allogeneic stem cell transplant compromises the client's immune system, greatly increasing the risk for infection. The client will need protection from breathing in any pathogens in the environment. A nurse is planning strategies to manage time effectively for client care. Which of the following strategies should the nurse implement? 1. Combine client care tasks when caring for multiple clients. 2. Wait until the end of the shift to document client care. 3. Use the planning step of the nursing process to prioritize client care delivery. 4. Allow for interruptions in tasks to discuss client care issues with colleagues. - CORRECT ANSWER -3 Setting up a list of goals and tasks to perform for clients can help the nurse set care priorities and plan tasks accordingly. The priority to-do list is an efficient tool for optimal time management. A nurse caring for a client who is postoperative following a knee arthroplasty and requires the use of thigh-length sequential compression sleeves. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? 1. Assist the client into a prone position. 2. Place a sleeve over the top of each leg with the opening at the knee. 3. Make sure two fingers can fit under the sleeves. 4. Set the ankle pressure at 65 mm Hg. - CORRECT ANSWER -3 The nurse should ensure that there is enough space for two fingers to fit under the sleeve because any less space between the sleeves and the legs can inhibit circulation when the sleeves inflate. A nurse is caring for a client who has a respiratory infection. Which of the following techniques should the nurse use when performing nasotracheal suctioning for the client? 1. Insert the suction catheter while the client is swallowing. 2. Apply intermittent suction when withdrawing the catheter. 3. Place the catheter in a location that is clean and dry for later use. 4. Hold the suction catheter with her clean, nondominant hand. - CORRECT ANSWER -2 A nurse is preparing to administer enoxaparin subcutaneously to a client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? 1. Administer the medication with the needle at a 45° angle. 2. Administer the medication into the client's nondominant arm. 3. Pull the client's skin laterally or downward prior to administration. 4. Massage the injection site after administration. - CORRECT ANSWER -1 The nurse should insert the needle at a 45° to 90° angle for a subcutaneous injection. A nurse is admitting a client who is having an exacerbation of heart failure. In planning this clients care, when should the nurse initiate discharge planning? 1. During the admission process 2. As soon as the client's condition is stable 3. During the initial team conference 4. After consulting with the client's family - CORRECT ANSWER -1 Discharge planning should begin as soon as the client is undergoing the admission process. The nurse should begin to assess the client's needs and plan for care both during and after the client's time in the facility. A nurse is assessing a client who has required bed rest for the past month. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication that the client has developed thrombophlebitis? 1. Bladder distention 2. Decreased blood pressure 3. Calf swelling 4. Diminished bowel sounds - CORRECT ANSWER -3 Swelling, redness, and tenderness in a calf muscle are manifestations of thrombophlebitis, a common complication of immobility. A nurse is caring for a client who has dementia. Which of the following interventions should the nurse take to minimize the risk for injury to the client? 1. Use a bed exit alarm system. 2. Raise four side rails while the client is in bed. 3. Apply one soft wrist restraint. 4. Dim the lights in the client's room. - CORRECT ANSWER -1 The nurse should identify that a client who has dementia requires assistance when exiting their bed and might be unable to remember to ask for help. The client's condition places them at a risk for falling; therefore, a bed alarm system can alert staff members that the client is trying to get out of bed and requires assistance. A nurse is assessing an older adult client's risk for falls. which of the following assessments should the nurse use to identify the clients safety needs? 1. Lacrimal apparatus 2. Pupil clarity 3. Appearance of bulbar conjunctivae 4. Visual fields 5. Visual acuity - CORRECT ANSWER -2,4,5 . Cloudy pupils mean that the client has cataracts. This makes vision cloudy and creates halos around lights, which can increase the risk for falls because clients cannot see items in their path clearly. The nurse should use a finger to test the client's peripheral vision by moving the finger out of range and then back into the visual field to determine when the client sees the finger. Clients who have a visual field impairment are at an increased risk for falls because they might not see objects outside of their central vision and trip over them or bump into them and fall. The nurse should use a Snellen chart to assess distance vision and a handheld card to assess near vision. Clients who wear eyeglasses should wear them during the assessments. Clients who have impaired visual acuity are at an increased risk for falls because they might not see objects in their path and trip over them or bump into them and fall. A nurse is caring for a client who has pharyngeal diptheria. Which of the following types of transmission precautions should the nurse initiate? 1. Contact 2. Droplet 3. Airborne 4. Protective - CORRECT ANSWER -2 Droplet precautions are a requirement for clients who have infections that spread via droplet nuclei that are larger than 5 microns in diameter, including rubella, meningococcal pneumonia, and streptococcal pharyngitis. The nurse should wear a mask when providing care or when within 1 m (3 feet) of the client who has a disorder requiring droplet precautions. A nurse is caring for a client who has herpes zoster and asks the nurse about the use of complementary and alternative therapies for pain control. The nurse should in form the client that this condition is a contraindication for which of the following therapies? 1. Biofeedback 2. Aloe 3. Feverfew 4. Acupuncture - CORRECT ANSWER -4 The nurse should inform the client that herpes zoster, or any skin infection, is a contraindication for the use of acupuncture. An open portal on the skin's surface could increase the risk of further infection. A nurse is admitting a client who has an abdominal wound with a large amount of purulent drainage. Which of the following types of transmission precautions should the nurse initiate? 1. Protective environment 2. Airborne precautions 3. Droplet precautions 4. Contact precautions - CORRECT ANSWER -4 Major wound infections require contact precautions, which means the nurse should admit the client to a private room. All caregivers should wear a gown and gloves during direct contact with this client. A nurse is caring for a group of clients. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to prevent the spread of infection? 1. Carry a client's soiled linens out of the room in a mesh linen bag. 2. Place a client who has tuberculosis in a room with negative-pressure airflow. 3. Provide disposable plates and utensils for a client who is HIV-positive. 4. Dispose of a client's blood-saturated dressing in a trash bag inside a second trash bag. - CORRECT ANSWER -2 A client who has tuberculosis requires airborne precautions, which include placing the client in a room that has negative-pressure airflow to reduce the risk of infection transmission A nurse is admitting a new client. Which of the following actions should the nurse take while performing medication reconciliation? 1. Verify the client's name on their identification bracelet with the medication administration record. 2. Call the pharmacy to determine whether the client's medications are available. 3. Compare the client's home medications with the provider's prescriptions. 4. Place the client's home medication bottles in a secure location. - CORRECT ANSWER -3 The nurse should compare the client's home medications with the provider's prescriptions when performing medication reconciliation. A nurse is lifting a bedside cabinet to move it closer to a client who is sitting in a chair. To prevent self- injury, which of the following actions should the nurse take when lifting this object? 1. Bend at the waist. 2. Keep his feet close together. 3. Use his back muscles for lifting. 4. Stand close to the cabinet when lifting it. - CORRECT ANSWER -4 This action keeps the cabinet close to the nurse's center of gravity and decreases back strain from horizontal reaching. A nurse is talking with the partner of a client who has dementia. The client's partner expresses frustration about finding time to manage household responsibilities while caring for their partner. The nurse should identify that the partner is experiencing which of the following types of role-performance stress? 1. Role ambiguity 2. Sick role 3. Role overload 4. Role conflict - CORRECT ANSWER -3 The partner's expression of frustration is an example of role overload, which refers to having more responsibilities within a role than one person can manage. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and is exhibiting signs of hemorrhagic shock. The nurse notifies the surgeon, who tells the nurse to continue to measure the client's vital signs every 15 min and to report back in 1 hr. Which of the following actions should the nurse take next? 1. Document the provider's statement in the medical record. 2. Complete an incident report. 3. Consult the facility's risk manager. 4. Notify the nursing manager. - CORRECT ANSWER -4 The greatest risk to the client is not receiving timely intervention for a deterioration in physiological status; therefore, the next action the nurse should take is to activate the chain of command to ensure that the client receives the necessary care. A nurse is preparing a change of shift report. Which of the following tools or documents should the nurse use to communicate continuity of care? 1. Critical pathway 2. Situation, background, assessment, and recommendation (SBAR) 3. Transfer report 4. Medication administration record (MAR) - CORRECT ANSWER -2 Critical pathway Situation, background, assessment, and recommendation (SBAR) Transfer report Medication administration record (MAR) A nurse is planning to insert a peripheral IV catheter for an older adult client. Which of the following actions should the nurse plan to take? 1. Insert the catheter at a 45° angle. 2. Place the client's arm in a dependent position. 3. Shave excess hair from the insertion site. 4. Initiate IV therapy in the veins of the hand. - CORRECT ANSWER -2 The nurse should place the client's arm in a dependent position because the veins will dilate due to gravity. A nurse is caring for a client who is postoperative and refuses to use an incentive spirometer following major abdominal surgery. Which of the following actions is the nurses priority? 1. Request that a respiratory therapist discuss the technique for incentive spirometry with the client. 2. Determine the reasons why the client is refusing to use the incentive spirometer. 3. Document the client's refusal to participate in health restorative activities. 4. Administer a pain medication to the client. - CORRECT ANSWER -2 The first action the nurse should take when using the nursing process is to assess the client; therefore, the priority action for the nurse to take is to determine why the client is refusing the treatment. A nurse manager is preparing to review medication documentation with a group of newly licensed nurses. Which of the following statements should the nurse manager plan to include in the teaching? 1. "Use the complete name of the medication magnesium sulfate." 2. "Delete the space between the numerical dose and the unit of measure." 3. "Write the letter U when noting the dosage of insulin." 1. Increase in hematocrit 2. Increase in respiratory rate 3. Decrease in heart rate 4. Decrease in capillary refill time - CORRECT ANSWER -3 Fluid volume deficit causes tachycardia. With correction of the imbalance, the heart rate should return to the expected range. A nurse is preparing to administer an injection of an opioid medication to a client. The nurse draws out 1 mL of the medication from a 2mL vial. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? 1. Ask another nurse to observe the medication wastage. 2. Notify the pharmacy when wasting the medication. 3. Lock the remaining medication in the controlled substances cabinet. 4. Dispose of the vial with the remaining medication in a sharps container. - CORRECT ANSWER -1 A second nurse must witness the disposal of any portion of a dose of a controlled substance. A nurse is caring for a client who has a sodium level of 125mEq/L. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect? 1. Numbness of the extremities 2. Bradycardia 3. Positive Chvostek's sign 4. Abdominal cramping - CORRECT ANSWER -4 This client has hyponatremia, which is a low sodium level. Manifestations include abdominal cramping, weakness, confusion, lethargy, headache, and nausea. A nurse is preparing an education program for staff about advocacy. Which of the following information should the nurse include? 1. Advocacy ensures clients' safety, health, and rights. 2. Advocacy ensures that nurses are able to explain their own actions. 3. Advocacy ensures that nurses follow through on their promises to clients. 4. Advocacy ensures fairness in client care delivery and use of resources. - CORRECT ANSWER -1 Advocacy is a key component of professional nurses' code of ethics. As a client advocate, the nurse ensures clients' safety, health, and rights, including the right to privacy, confidentiality, and refusal of care. A nurse is caring for a client who has an aggressive form of prostate cancer. The provider briefly discusses treatment options and leaves the client's room. When the nurse asks if the client would like to discuss any concerns, the client denies. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? 1. "I will return shortly after I document this in your record." 2. "Most men live a long time with prostate cancer." 3. "I am available to talk if you should change your mind." 4. "I will make a referral to a cancer support group for you." - CORRECT ANSWER -3 When a client does not wish to share his feelings with the nurse, it is important for the nurse to convey a willingness to be available for the client. A nurse is assessing a client's readiness to learn about insulin self administration. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client is ready to learn? 1. "I can concentrate best in the morning." 2. "It is difficult to read the instructions because my glasses are at home." 3. "I'm wondering why I need to learn this." 4. "You will have to talk to my wife about this." - CORRECT ANSWER -1 The client's statement indicates a readiness to learn because he is verbalizing the best time for him to learn. A nurse is caring for a client who asks about the purpose of advance directives. Which of the following statements should the nurse make? 1. "They allow the court to overrule an adult client's refusal of medical treatment." 2. "They indicate the form of treatment a client is willing to accept in the event of a serious illness." 3. "They permit a client to withhold medical information from health care personnel." 4. "They allow health care personnel in the emergency department to stabilize a client's condition." - CORRECT ANSWER -2 Advance directives include a living will, which permits clients to direct the treatment they will receive in the event of a medical emergency or serious illness. A nurse is assessing four adults. Which of the following physical assessment techniques should the nurse use? 1. Use the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) pain rating scale for a client who is experiencing pain. 2. Ensure the bladder of the blood pressure cuff surrounds 80% of the client's arm. 3. Obtain an apical heart rate by auscultating at the third intercostal space left of the sternum. 4. Palpate the client's abdomen before auscultating bowel sounds. - CORRECT ANSWER -2 The nurse should use a blood pressure cuff with a bladder that surrounds 80% of the client's arm circumference to give an accurate reading. A client who is postoperative is verbalizing pain as a 2 on a scale of 0-10. Which of the following statements should the nurse identify as an indication that the client understands the preoperative teaching she received about pain management? 1. "I think I should take my pain medication more often, since it is not controlling my pain." 2. "Breathing faster will help me keep my mind off of the pain." 3. "It might help me to listen to music while I'm lying in bed." 4. "I don't want to walk today because I have some pain." - CORRECT ANSWER -3 Listening to music is an effective nonpharmacological intervention for the management of mild pain.