Atomic Theory: A Review of Key Scientists and Concepts, Study notes of Chemistry

Download Atomic Theory: A Review of Key Scientists and Concepts and more Study notes Chemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Atomic Theory - Review Sheet You should understand the contribution of each scientist. I don't expect you to memorize dates, but I do want to know what each scientist contributed to the theory. Democretus - 400 B.C. - theory that matter is made of atoms Boyle 1622 -1691 - defined element Lavoisier 1743-1797 - pioneer of modern chemistry (careful and controlled experiments) - conservation of mass (understand his experiment and compare to the lab "Does mass change in a chemical reaction?") Proust 1799 - law of constant composition (or definite proportions) - understand this law and relate it to the Hydrogen and Oxygen generation lab Dalton 1808 - Understand the meaning of each part of Dalton's atomic theory. - You don't have to memorize the five parts, just understand what they mean. - You should know which parts we now know are not true (according to modern atomic theory). - black box model of the atom Crookes 1870 - Crookes tube - Know how this is constructed (Know how cathode rays are generated and what they are.) J.J. Thompsen - 1890 - How did he expand on Crookes' experiment? - discovered the electron - negative particles in all of matter (all atoms) - must also be positive parts Lord Kelvin - near Thompsen's time - plum pudding model Henri Becquerel - 1896 - discovered radioactivity of uranium Marie Curie - 1905 - received Nobel prize (shared with her husband Pierre Curie and Henri Bequerel) for her work in studying radiation. - Name the three kinds of radiation and describe each type. Rutheford - 1910 - Understand the gold foil experiment - How was it set up? - What did it show? - Discovered the proton - new model of atom (positively charged, very dense nucleus) Niels Bohr - 1913 - Bohr model of the atom - electrons in specific orbits with specific energies Modern version of atom - 1950 - similar nucleus (protons + neutrons) - electrons in orbitals not orbits Understand isotopes, atomic mass, mass #, atomic #, ions