Basic Photography: Understanding ISO, DSLR Cameras, and Essential Techniques, Exams of Photography

Download Basic Photography: Understanding ISO, DSLR Cameras, and Essential Techniques and more Exams Photography in PDF only on Docsity! Basic Photography Using a Digital Camera By JongPil Cheon Introduction 3 Part Ⅱ Table of Contents 1. What is a CCD? 9 2. What is a ISO? 11 3. What is a DSLR camera? 13 1. How to push the shutter 20 2. Good composition of photos 23 3. White balance setting 26 4. Exposure compensation 28 5. Flash control 30 6. Shutter speed priority mode 33 7. Selective focus 36 Acquiring basic knowledge of taking a picture with the digital camera Part Ⅰ Understanding the terminology used for the digital camera Part Ⅲ Using different methods in accordance with various situations1. Taking photos of people 41 2. Taking photos of landscapes 45 3. Taking close-up photos 48 4. Taking photos at night 50 3Appendix A 54Appendix B 5Appendix C – Assessment 55 Before you begin Introduction Equipment you will need Digital camera Manual of your digital camera Accessories, such as a tripod or external flash, if you have them This unit is written using the Sony digital camera F-707 shown on the right Prerequisite Knowledge or skills This unit is written for beginners. Even If you do not have any experience of photography with digital cameras, you can learn basic techniques with the unit. You should operate your digital camera based on the manual while you are reading this unit. In addition, don’t hesitate to take some pictures. Practice is the most important thing. Limitation of the contents Photography is large area; therefore, most photography books in bookstores have more than 300 pages. Because of the unit’s length, limited techniques are mentioned in this unit. These can be called useful tips to use digital cameras. Required time This unit is designed to be finished approximately within two hours, but feel free to finish it early. You can refer to it whenever you take a picture. 5 Assessment You will be asked to answer seventeen questions after finishing this unit. It will be helpful to remember key points. Conventions used in this unit You should be aware of the following conventions used to indicate sections, important items, or useful tips The following heading will denote the beginning of a new section 6 Definition Items Lesson 1 What is a CCD ? The following box will show an important item, such as definition, step, or skill CCD (Charged-Couple Device) The following box will denote a useful tip related to each section How to compare CCD sizes? TIP 1. What is a CCD? 2. What is an ISO? 3. What is a DSLR camera? Understanding Terminology used for the Digital Camera Part Ⅰ. Understanding Terminology Basic Photography using Digital Cameras The meaning of ISO (International Standard Organization) is how sensitive the image sensor is to the amount of light present. The sensitivity is reacting speed by light. If the value of ISO is high, you can take a picture without a flash even if the amount of light is low. However, a noise will occur on a photo if using a high ISO setting because higher gain, more noise. You can see the difference in the value of ISO using same shutter speed and aperture in following pictures. The values of ISO can be classified as follows: As a beginner, use the minimum possible ISO setting. You should increase the ISO setting only when the shutter speed is too slow to hand hold, you need a faster shutter speed to capture action, or you need a smaller aperture for depth of field. For example, suppose you are in a concert and can not use a flash. Your digital camera will automatically select good combination of the shutter speed and exposure setting. However, if you find the camera is using a shutter speed that is too slow (1/60 sec. and slower) to handhold the camera steady and shake-free (thus resulting in blurred pictures), and you cannot open up the aperture anymore, and you do not have a tripod or other means to hold the camera steady, you might select higher ISO setting which will then allow you to select a faster shutter speed. 11 Extent of ISO ISO = 100 ISO = 200 ISO = 400 • Low speed: ISO 25~50 • Middle speed: ISO 100~200 • High speed: ISO 400~ Lesson 2 What is ISO? Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅰ. Understanding Terminology TIP How to change the ISO setting? Usually the ISO setting of regular digital cameras is equivalent to 100 or Auto. If you want to change the ISO setting, you should check whether you can change it or not in the manual. 12 Ⅰ. Understanding Terminology Basic Photography using Digital Cameras DSLR camera 13 There are two very different classes of digital cameras: point-and-shoot (p/s, fixed-lens) and Digital-Single-Lens- Reflex (DSLR). The digital cameras most people have are point-and-shoot cameras which are small and cute. On the other hand, the DSLR cameras are larger like the one pictured here. DSLR cameras are usually for professional photographers, but currently many non-professionals are interested in using DSLR cameras. Even if two cameras have the same number of pixels, a DSLR camera is more expensive than a point-and-shoot camera. In addition, because DSLR cameras have a larger CCD, the quality of the photo is better. However, don’t be disappointed in having a point-and-shoot camera. Recently, those p/s cameras have many functions like DSLRs. These two kinds of cameras have different types of view finder. A regular digital camera (p/s) has a range finder requiring an additional view finder, which is separate from the lens, to see a subject. This kind of camera is light, fast, and silent. However, the image viewed through a view finder is different from the image viewed through a lens because a view finder is in a different location coming from a different angle as in the following picture. Range finder of point-and-shoot cameras - The red line shows an angle through the range finder - The blue line shows an angle through the lens Point-and-Shoots Different View finders Lesson 3 What is a DSLR camera? Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅰ. Understanding Terminology TIP How to select the right camera for you? There are important considerations when you are looking for a digital camera. • Budget You know which models are affordable to you. • Experience level If you are a beginner, find models that seem easy to use. There are so many kinds of models in stores. Go to the store and handle different cameras. If you are more experienced, you may want a camera that gives the user more control even of it is not a DSLR camera. • Sensor size (e.g. 3, 4 or 5 megapixels) The size of the sensor means how large you can enlarge the resulting photo. The large size does not mean you can take better photos. If you were to take a color photograph of a scene with three cameras with different-sized sensors (3,4 or 5 megapixels), the 4X6 or 5X7 inch prints would appear to be the same quality. If you do want to make lager photos, the larger sensor size is needed. • Zoom factor You should consider the optical zoom factor which describes the amount of enlargement produced by the camera’s lens. The digital zoom factor is created by electronically magnifying the image. It degrades the quality of the image by literally cropping from the center of the sensor. The optical zoom factor is the most important thing. • Camera mode Look for cameras that have the best feature (mode) you need. Look carefully at the specifications of the cameras. For example, does it offer different scene modes? Does it offer the shutter priority mode? • Memory and battery If you already have other digital devices such as a digital camcorder or PDA that uses a digital memory card, it would be a good idea to decide on a camera that uses the same kind of memory you currently have. Determine what type of batteries the camera uses. If you are a frequent shooter and it takes AA batteries, you will blow through them. A rechargeable battery may be a better choice such as Li-ion battery, but I recommend you to buy an extra battery. 16 Basic Knowledge of Taking a Picture with the Digital Camera 1. How to push the shutter 2. Good composition of photos 3. White balance setting 4. Exposure values settings 5. Flash control 6. Shutter speed priority mode 7. Selective focus Part Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅱ. Basic Knowledge of Taking a Picture Use your camera now From this point, you will learn practical knowledge of digital photography. Turn on your camera and handle it for the following sections. Understand exposure In this unit, only exposure value compensation is used to mention about exposure. Basically, ISO, shutter speed, aperture, EV compensation and flash are connected to each other and involved in the exposure. A better photo can be produced by a good combination of setting the above mentioned. You should keep in mind lessons three to seven are related to exposure. Understand the difference among digital cameras Again, you should have the manual for your digital camera with you. The functions and setting of cameras are different according to manufactures or camera models. You should know what kind of options you can choose for your camera. If your camera does not offer the shutter speed priority mode, don’t be upset. You can find a continuous shooting option or burst option that can take picture with high shutter speed. Some camera offers lots of scene setting: for example, one person, group, fire works and so on. These settings come from adjusting the exposure in each situation. Even if your camera does not have a manual setting, such as the aperture priority mode, understanding the lessons in this unit will help you improve your photography skill. 19 Notice Before you begin this part Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅱ. Basic Knowledge of Taking a Picture 22 Utilizing focus lock B You might be unhappy with unfocused subjects as in the photo on the right. Many try to place the subject at the center in the photo. However, if the subject is not at the center, your photo might look more professional. Most digital cameras focus only on the center of the frame. If you want to take photos with the subject placed at off-center, you need to use the focus lock feature of your camera. Here is how to use focus lock to compose a picture – The key skill to use the focus lock is depressing the shutter button halfway Only the background was focused Four Steps ① Press and hold the shutter button halfway down so that camera focuses on the subject ② Keep your finger on the button ③ Slowly move the camera to compose the shot ④ Gently squeeze the shutter button all the way down Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅱ. Basic Knowledge of Taking a Picture General rules There are several rules for taking a good picture. We will talk about three rules that will help you produce noticeably better photos using digital cameras. First, fill the frame with your subject. Especially when you are taking a picture of people, it is better to focus on the subject. The subject in the picture on the left is too small to recognize. The photo on the right is zoomed in, making her the focus. You don’t need to take a picture of the whole body. Stand close to your subject or use the zoom function of your camera. Second, change your camera position. Even though it is the same subject, you can get a more unique photo depending on your camera position or angle. The title of the picture on the right is “traditional line.” The photographer emphasized the line of old houses by moving the camera position instead of taking a picture of the whole house. 23 Unique composition (emphasizing the line) The camera was close to the subject The subject is too small Rule two Rule one A Lesson 2 Good composition of photos Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅱ. Basic Knowledge of Taking a Picture Third, use the rule of thirds. Golden Section, which is also called golden ratio, is the most important rule for any artists or architects. This proportional relationship asserts a natural balance and dynamic symmetry. A popular guideline used by photographers is called the “Rule of thirds.” When composing a photo, you should try to place important elements at the crossing point that the imaginary lines dividing the image into three parts both horizontally and vertically are meeting. 24 TIP How to use the rule of thirds ▪ Drawing imaginary lines dividing the image into thirds both horizontally and vertically. There are four crossing points as follows. You can place important elements an the intersecting points of the imaginary lines. The image on the right is emphasizing the sea placing the AB line and the person placing the C point. ▪ Photos using the rule of thirds give us a feeling of stability. . Rule three The rule of thirds Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅱ. Basic Knowledge of Taking a Picture 27 Digital cameras have a feature called automatic white balance (AWB) that attempts to adjust the color balance settings automatically for the color temperature of the scene being photographed. In most cases, using the AWB is your best choice. However, in some situations, AWB doesn’t correctly read the color in the scene. If you know what your light source is, you can usually set the camera to it and this may give better results. Most digital cameras have settings for sunlight, shade, electronic flash, fluorescent lighting and tungsten l ghtingi . You can change to an appropriate white balance setting after checking a photo you took with automatic white balance setting. The options for white balance might be different depending on manufacturers. You should check your manual. Example Icons of white balance a camera automatically adjusts white balance when taking a picture with sunlight outside when taking a picture under incandescent light inside when taking a picture under fluorescent light inside preset mode – you can manually change white balance White balance Setting Automatic White balance Auto mode Indoor mode- Incandescent light Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅱ. Basic Knowledge of Taking a Picture Lesson 4 Exposure values compensation 28 t of light that strikes the ings. However, if the camera reads the Notice that the following photo is too dark. This is because there was not enough light. But, the picture was not taken when the weather was not bad outside; what was the problem? Now is a good time to talk about the relationship between light and exposure. The amoun camera’s sensor is controlled by two factors: how much light is let into the camera (via the aperture) and how long the light is on the sensor (shutter speed). Usually your camera automatically calculates these sett scene incorrectly and overexposes an image, you will want to correct the setting and shoot again. To compensate for this potential problem, most digital cameras offer a setting called Exposure Value (EV) that lets you make small changes to increase or decrease the exposure of the photo. Changing EV value + xposure to increase backlighting value increases the e - value decreases the exposure to increase backlighting The photo is dark because of the lack of exposure Exposure Value (EV) A trols how much light is let into the camera (via aperture) d or aperture value, so EV Definition utomatic setting which con and how long the light is on the sensor (shutter speed) Changing the EV is easier than changing shutter spee has simple steps to automatically increase or decrease both shutter speed and aperture value Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅱ. Basic Knowledge of Taking a Picture Examples of changing EV value hen should you change the EV value? The camera usually calculates an appropriate xposure automatically. For example, when you take a picture of sunset, your camera W e will increase exposure because of the lack of light. Your photo of the sunset will be brighter than what you look at. At that time, you can decrease the EV value; then, your photo will illustrate a real sunset atmosphere. EV = + 2.0 EV = 0 EV = -2.0 TIP Using Auto Bracketing ▪ et the best exposure is to use the auto bracketing menu in your digital camera. More and more cameras are now offering an auto bracketing T A quick and easy way to g feature that automatically changes the setting each time you take a photo. If you turn on the bracket function, the camera will take several photos (generally three) each at a different EV setting You select the number of EV steps that the camera offers and the range of EV settings. For example, the shot may be taken at -.5, normal, +.5. his auto bracketing function is useful for taking pictures of static subjects such as landscapes. 29 Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅱ. Basic Knowledge of Taking a Picture Sometimes, your subject will have red eyes as shown here. The red eye effect occurs when you use a flash in a dark environment. . Suggestions for red eye reduction: • Use the auto red-eye reduction mode of your digital camera. • Increase the ambient light if you are in a room. The brighter it is the better. • Use a bounce flash. This method can be used when you have an external flash that can be pointed toward the ceiling. 32 Red eye reduction TIP Making light from the flash softer ▪ If you think your flash is too bright, you can soften the light. It is very simple. As in the following photo, tissues or a post-it note can be used to reduce the light from the flash. Good night landscape photo ▪ Because a flash can only make a close subject brighter, you cannot take a picture like this one. You must change the shutter speed or aperture value and use a tripod. We will talk about this in part 3. Red eye effect Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅱ.Basic Knowledge of Taking a Picture Lesson 6 Shutter speed priority mode High speed mode In this chapter, we will talk about how to change the shutter speed. If you use the shutter speed priority mode, you can take action photos or prevent blurred photos. You may be displeased with the photo on the right. The subjects became blurred because they were moving. The reason is that the motion speed is faster than the shutter speed. Every time you shoot a photo using your camera’s automatic settings, the camera adjusts the exposure settings using a combination of shutter speed and aperture settings. The camera doesn’t know when you are shooting a subject that is moving fast, which would require a higher shutter speed. The photo was blurred because the children were moving You can change the shutter speed from 30” to 1/1000 depending on your camera. Generally if the shutter speed is less than 1/125, we call it high speed mode. If you use high speed mode, you can take a picture of a moving subject without blurring, like the picture on the right. Fast shutter speed can capture a moving person like this 33 Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅱ. Basic Knowledge of Taking a Picture By using a slow shutter speed when pho produce trails of lights like the one shown on the right. When should you use a slow shutter speed? The answer is that when you want to take a picture under low light or to make a blurred photo. However, you should be careful about two things. First, it is better to use a tripod when using a slow shutter speed. Second, when tographing a road during the night, you can you take a picture of people using a slow shutter speed at night, the people will not remain in the same position for a long time. If you want to change the shutter speed, you should look into your camera manual to find the shutter speed priority mode. Here are examples of pictures taken at different shutter speed Slow speed mode Changing shutter speed Slow shutter speed can capture the trace of light Shutter speed = 1/125 High shutter speeds: when shooting moving people or subject Slow shutter speeds: to show motion or direction of motion The camera will automatically select aperture setting to compensate for the shutter d Shutter speed = 1 Summary 34 Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅱ.Basic Knowledge of Taking a Picture 37 The selective focusing technique is more available in manual cameras such as DSLR cameras, but there are several ways to obtain the selective focus effect with regular digital cameras. Wide depth of field Narrow depth of field How to make selective focus Here are three ways to get the selective focus effect: Decrease the F value. It means that you should open the aperture. If the aperture is more open, the background will be softly blurred. It is possible to change the aperture setting in your camera. The aperture setting has a number. A smaller number means more of an opening in your aperture. The range of the aperture is from F2.0 to F8.0. The mode in which you can change the aperture setting is called the aperture priority mode. If you set the aperture setting to F2.0, the camera will automatically adjust the shutter speed to ensure a correct exposure. Use the zoom function as much as possible. It is better to zoom in on your subject to make the selective focus effect. This means you should stand as far from the subject as possible so you can zoom in. In other words, you should take a close-up shot using the zoom function, for example, making a photo of a face or just the upper half of body. Increase the distance between the subject and the background. The greater the distance is between the background and the subject, the better the selective focus effect. Use Focus lock. Remember the focus lock technique is useful to make the selective focus effect. Here is how: focus on your subject, zoom in, then press the shutter button half-way down, make a composition by moving the camera, and smoothly squeeze the shutter. Using a small F value (aperture setting) Increasing the distance between your subject and the background Zooming in Using focus lock technique Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅱ. Basic Knowledge of Taking a Picture 38 1. Taking photos of people 2. Taking photos of landscapes 3. Taking close-up photos 4. Taking photos at night Different Methods in accordance with Various Situations Part Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅲ. Different methods in accordance with various situations Shutter speed Using exposure compensation: • If you think the light is too bright or dark, increase or decrease the value of EV in accordance with the brightness of the background. The photo shown on the right is too dark. You should increase EV value to make the photo brighter. The photo taken at sunset time Using a flash when there is too much light behind your subjects • Because faces of people are dark when there is too much back light, it is better to use a flash. The people in the sample photo were in shade, so their faces are too dark. Flash can be used day or night. The subjects were under shadow Taking photos of moving people Use shutter speed priority mode Use burst mode 43 Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅲ. Different methods in accordance with various situations Using shutter speed priority mode: Selective focus • When shooting a subject that is moving fast, a higher shutter speed is required. Select the shutter speed priority mode and set the shutter speed to a value under 1/250. You can freeze motion and take a sharp picture. It is hard to capture moving children with regular shutter speed Using burst mode: • If you want to take a continuous motion picture, use the burst mode which will take several photos in a second. Making professional people photos: Using selective focus technique Using selective focus technique • Make a narrow depth of field with the selective focusing technique. As mentioned in Part 2, Lesson 7, the selective focusing technique is a good technique to make the people stand out in your photo. You can also use it when you shoot photos of flowers or other objects. If you want to use selective focus, change the aperture setting to a lower setting, increase the distance between your subject and background, and zoom in on the subject. The girl stands out by selective focus technique 44 Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅲ. Different methods in accordance with various situations In this chapter, you will lear 45 n techniques for taking photos of landscapes. Good composition of landscape P If you are photographing landscapes arallel the frames with the horizon: • which include the horizon, it is a good idea to make the frame parallel to the horizon, by placing it at the one-third line as in the picture shown on the right. You c ou can make your own innovative compositions in your photo. an apply various basic compositions to your photos as follows. Furthermore, y Taking photos of landscapes Lesson 2 Composition Parallel a photo frame with horizon Use innovative composition based on basic composition Paralleled horizon The rule of thirds Symmetrical composition Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅲ. Different methods in accordance with various situations It is getting easier to take close-up photos of tiny things in nature because many digital cameras offer a macro mode. The macro mode is designed to focus at a very short distance. Here you will discover how to capture the incredible world of close-up objects. Finding subjects anywhere • Most people think that macro photograph is only for natural subjects. The creative use of a camera’s macro mode is to take a photo that gives a viewer a chance to look at common objects with a different perspective. Taking a macro photograph Use ‘Macro mode’ in your camera: • If you can find this icon shown here in your camera, your camera offers a macro mode. However, you should read a manual to find out the macro focus range which is different in every camera. The range contains a minimum distance and a maximum distance. 48 Flower close-up Keyboard close-up Use macro mode in your camera Use aperture priority mode Steady the camera Skills Lesson 3 Taking close-up photos Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅲ. Different methods in accordance with various situations Use the aperture priority mode: • After setting a macro mode in your camera, you should consider the aperture opening. As mentioned before, the F number is related to the depth of field. Because your camera is so close to the subject, wide depth of field is necessary to obtain focus. This means that you should increase the F number (close the aperture more). Of course, the camera will change the shutter speed depending on the F number. Steady the camera – use a tripod if possible: • When you are increasing the F number, you should take care to steady the camera if the shutter speed is slower than 1/30 of a second. The best way to steady the camera is by using a tripod. You can use the zoom function while using the tripod. • Place the camera on the ground or on something placed high if your subject is located at ground level. Check your setting and use a self-timer function which is a good way for preventing camera movement. Using tripod 49 Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Ⅲ. Different methods in accordance with various situations In the city at night, streetlights and neon signs create exotic images which look nothing like their daylight counterparts. We have lots of opportunities to take photos at night. Night photography requires different photographic approaches. In this chapter, we will talk about various night photography skills that synthesize the basic knowledge you have learned so far. The basic skill of how to take photos of people was shown in lesson 1, such as making a good composition, changing EV, using fast shutter speed mode, using burst mode, extending focus. Here are other basic skills that especially apply to night photography. Appropriate distance of flash and softer light from flash: • A flash is absolutely necessary at night. When using a flash, you should think about the appropriate distance for using flash. The distance between the camera and people should be less than seven feet. • If your subject is too close to your camera, the photo may be too bright or have a washed-out effect. You can use tissue or post-it notes to make the light from flash softer when it is necessary to use flash and your subject is very close. 50 A bridge at night Use of flash Red-eye reduction White balance setting Photographing people Lesson 4 Taking photos at night Basic Photography usingDigital Cameras Appendix A Sensitivity of the camera ISO 100 200 300 400 Exposure value compensation EV -2.0 EV 0 EV + 2.0 Aperture priority mode – you can change aperture opening by adjusting the F setting F 2.0 F 8.0 Shutter speed priority mode 1/1000 30 53 Fast shutter speed Capturing moving people Slow shutter speed Night photography Aperture open wider Narrow depth of field Use for selective focus Use for blurred photo – moving water Aperture is more closed Wide depth of field Use for landscape photo in daylight Use for sparkling light at night Decreasing exposure. The photo will be darker Increasing exposure. The photo will be brighter High sensitivity. The camera can take a photo under low light without a flash Normal Setting EV Shutter Speed Aperture ISO A Appendix Review of important settings Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Appendix B B Appendix How to take good photographs Recommendations Here are some recommendations for taking good photos by National Geographic photographers A lot of amateurs make the same mistakes: not thinking about what they’re shooting; not considering the light; staying on the outside and not getting in where the action is; using a flash in a big interior where it won’t do any good. Shoot more pictures and throw away the bad ones. You’ll try more things: angles, exposures, and so on. The one way to get the photo right is to try lots of different approaches. Try to get close enough to your subject to capture the important details. Take a tripod, which allows you to use slower speeds and longer lenses during twilight. The human eye sees differently than a camera, so try to imagine how that image will look in a photograph Force yourself to “think little” and to “think big” by doing close-ups and long shots. You’ll gain a lot in the process of looking for details and grand-scale images. Try to include people in every picture you shoot. 54 Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Assessment C Appendix Assessment 1. Write an appropriate terminology in the blank. is a semiconductor technology used to build light-sensitive electronic devices such as digital cameras and image scanners. It is the sensor used in digital cameras. The important feature is its physical size. The larger the sensor, the larger the digital image it produces. 2. Which of following explanations of ISO for digital cameras is true? a. A higher ISO number requires more light for a proper exposure b. A higher ISO number indicates the film is less sensitive c. Shutter speed settings on digital cameras are the equivalent of ISO ratings on film d. The basic sensitivity setting of most digital cameras is equivalent to ISO 100 film 3. There are two kinds of digital cameras in column 1 and appropriate features in column 2. Match the features to the appropriate camera by writing the letters next to column1. Answers may be used more than once. Column 1 Column 2 1.P/S(point and shoot) camera – ( ) a. Smaller size, less weight 2.DSLR(digital single-lens-reflex) camera – ( ) b. External LCD c. Fast auto focus d. Huge, fast ISO range 4. Why is it important to gently squeeze the shutter button? 5. Examine Picture 1 and Picture 2 below. The subjects in the Picture 1 are out of focus. Picture 2 shows that focus lock overrides the auto-focus and prevents it from refocusing on the background. Arrange the items in appropriate order to use focus lock to make Picture 2. ( → → → ) a. Gently squeeze the shutter button all the way down b. Keep the finger on the button c. Press and hold the shutter button halfway down so that camera focuses on one of the subjects 55 Basic Know-how of Digital cameras Assessment 8. For which of following situations should you adjust the white balance setting of the digital camera? a. When you review the photo through the LCD, the photo is blurring b. When you review the photo through the LCD, the color of people has reddish hues c. When you try to make good composition d. When you prevent red-eye in your photo 9. When you want to make the background brighter or darker, which of following setting should you change in your digital camera? a. AE b. CCD c. EV d. Sync 10. The following statements are about using the flash function. Indicate if the statements are true or false by circling the correct response. a. Flash can be used in situations of daylight to prevent shadow (true / false) b. Black or gray paper can be used to make flash light softer (true / false) c. When you are taking a picture against light and far from the subject, flash is useful (true / false) 11. Which of following occurs after shutter priority is selected in digital cameras? a. High shutter speed should be accompanied with external flash mode b. Slow shutter speed can be used when we want to get photo freezing the action c. The camera will automatically select aperture setting to compensate for the shutter speed d. We can control exposure value of background with this setting 12. Select the appropriate condition when using the out focus technique. a. The aperture setting should be made (smaller / larger) b. You should use (zoom / AE lock) function as much as possible. c. The distance between a subject and background should be made (closer / far) 58 Basic Photography using Digital Cameras Assessment 13. Example photos in part 1 represent poor techniques for taking photos of people. Select an appropriate used only once. b. [Picture 2] ( ) technique in part 2 to improve each picture in part 1. Answers may be - Part 1 a. [Picture 1] ( ) c. [Picture 3] ( ) d. [Picture 4] ( ) Part 2 er to camera 14. Which is the appropriate technique for shooting landscape? a. It is better to use a burst mode b. It is better to use a tripod c. It is better to use a macro mode d. It is better to use a red-eye reduction - [Technique A]: Get more exposure using EV [Technique B]: Getting closer to subject or subject should be clos [Technique C]: Shutter speed should be higher [Technique D]: Following the rule of thirds 59 Basic Know-how of Digital cameras Assessment 15 a b. It is better to use an aperture priority mode c. I d. It is better to use a macro mode 16. Which technique can have the same effect as the illumination on the bridge in the following photo? a. White balance should be changed b. Flash should be used c. Aperture should be more closed d. Macro mode should be selected 17. Which technique should be used to make night photos as shown in the following examples? a. Selective focusing technique should be u b. Flash mode should be used number of ISO range should be selected d. . Choose appropriate descriptions for shooting close-up photos. (Two answers should be selected) . It is better to use a shutter slow mode t is better to use a flash priority mode sed c. Lower Shutter speed should be slower 60