Memory Processes and Stores: Encoding, Storage, Retrieval, and Working Memory, Slides of Cognitive Psychology

Download Memory Processes and Stores: Encoding, Storage, Retrieval, and Working Memory and more Slides Cognitive Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Cognitive Psychology, 2nd Ed. Chapter 5 Docsity.com Basic Processes of Memory Encoding concerns perceiving, recognizing, and further processing an object so that it can be later remembered. Storage refers to transferring information from short-term memory to long-term memory. Retrieval concerns searching long-term memory and finding the event that has been stored and retrieved. Docsity.com Short- vs. Long-Term Stores: Neurological Dissociations Anterograde amnesia refers to difficulty in remembering events that occur after the onset of amnesia; disruption in transfer from short- to long-term store. Retrograde amnesia refers to the loss of memory of events that occurred prior to the onset of the illness; disruption in long-term storage or retrieval of past events. Docsity.com Differences Among 3 Memory Stores Capacity—only short-term memory is severely limited in capacity, namely, to 4 chunks. Duration—differences are an order of magnitude or more among sensory (250 ms), short-term (20 s), and long- term (20 years or more). Docsity.com Similarities Among 3 Memory Stores Difficult to distinguish sensory and short-term memory on the basis of coding. Short- as well as long-term stores use semantic coding, although acoustic- articulatory coding dominates short- term memory as seen in the phonemic similarity effect. Docsity.com Working Memory Refers to the system for temporarily maintaining mental representations that are relevant to the performance of a cognitive task in an activated state. Reading span measures the capacity of working memory when attention must be paid to comprehension of sentences and to remembering a list of words. Docsity.com Models of Working Memory Baddeley proposed a phonological loop and a visual-spatial sketch pad coordinated by a central executive. The loop stores and rehearses verbal representations whereas the sketch pad does the same for visual/spatial representations. Central executive focuses and switches attention, supervises and coordinates the storage components, and retrieves representations from long-term memory. Docsity.com Neurological Dissociations and Working Memory Case studies suggest (1) a semantic component separate from the phonological or verbal component, and (2) a spatial store separate from a visual store. Neuroimaging confirms separate spatial, visual, and verbal stores. Docsity.com