Psychology 101: Overview of Psychodynamic Theories & Humanistic Approaches, Slides of Psychology

Download Psychology 101: Overview of Psychodynamic Theories & Humanistic Approaches and more Slides Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Basic Psychological Theories Docsity.com Psychodynamic Theories • Psychodynamic theories: focus = child’s instincts and how his/her social environment produces many characteristics and behaviors. • Mind = dynamic and active. • Goal: To coexist with society. Can we get our needs met within society’s restrictions? Docsity.com Freud’s techniques • Free association. • Hypnosis (Breuer & Freud) • Dream interpretation 5 Docsity.com Freud & repressed childhood experiences  Sexual abuse or hysteria?  Defense mechanisms  Repression  Regression  Reaction formation  Projection  Rationalization  Displacement  Sublimation 6 Docsity.com The Structure of Personality • Freud proposed that the mind has 3 parts: – Conscious – Preconscious – unconscious 7 Docsity.com Problems with Freud • Lack of research • Views about women • Neo-Freudians • A critique • Freud’s legacy 10 Docsity.com Humanistic therapies – Carl Rogers  Person-Centered Therapy  Based upon a phenomenological view of human life & helping relationships.  Carl Rogers.  Ideas: genuineness, nonjudgmental caring, & empathy.  Every living being has an actualizing tendency to realize their potential.  The therapist has an attitude of respect. Nondirective attitude. Docsity.com Carl Rogers • Congruence, unconditional positive regard, empathy. • Congruence • Unconditional positive regard • Self-actualization • Differs from an analyst…. How? Docsity.com Classical Conditioning • Systematic desensitization (Wolpe, 1958). • Used to treat phobias with a technique called reciprocal inhibition = pairs a response that inhibits anxiety (typically relaxation) with the source of the phobia. • Explain how it works. Docsity.com Cognitive Treatments • Cognitive theories focus on how our thoughts influence our emotions and our behaviors. • Behaviors are seen as resulting mainly from thoughts and belief systems rather than emerging from unconscious drives or being shaped by the environment. • Albert Ellis - RET Docsity.com Ellis • Demanding: I must, should, have to, need to. • Catastrophizing: it’s awful, terrible, catastrophic • Overgeneralizing: I’ll always be a failure; I’ll never make it • Copping out: you make me angry; it upsets me Docsity.com Common Dysfunctional Beliefs  When something seems dangerous or about to go wrong, I must constantly worry about it.  It is better for me to avoid the frustrations and difficulties of life than it is for me to face them.  I need to depend on someone or something that is stronger than I am.  Given my childhood experiences and the past I have had, I can’t help being as I am today and I’ll remain this way indefinitely.  I can’t help feeling upset about other people’s problems.  I can’t settle for less than the right or perfect solution to my problem. Docsity.com Classification Issues  Why Classify?  To describe & communicate symptoms.   IF you know about the diagnosis, you can retrieve information about the etiology of the disorder, treatment, and prognosis.   Knowing the disorder provides us with a way of describing the disorder.   Knowing the disorder allows us to predict what treatments are going to be clinically useful. Docsity.com Why classify? • Why classify? • The classification & systematic description allows us to formulate theories which play a central role in research. • Classification can have a direct impact on broader social consequences by influencing health policy; social policy; forensic decisions; and the economics of the mental health professions. Docsity.com DSM-IV-TR  Axis I: Clinical syndromes  Axis II: Personality disorders; mental retardation  Axis III: General medical conditions  Axis IV: Psychosocial and Environmental problems  Problems with primary support group  Educational problems  Occupational problems  Housing/economic problems  Problems with access to health care services  Problems with legal system/crime  Other psychosocial problems & environmental problems  Axis V: Global Assessment of Functioning Ranges from – (inadequate information) – 100 (superior functioning) Docsity.com Psychological Testing  Intelligence testing  Achievement testing  Testing for a learning disability  Personality testing (objective versus projective)  Projectives: Goal: present ambiguous stimulus and ask test-takers to describe it or tell a story about it. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT) or CAT Draw a person, Draw a family, Sentence Stem Rorschach Inkblot test – 1921 Hermann Rorschach 10 inkblots reflects our inner feelings and conflicts. For example … if we see predatory animals or weapons, we infer that we have aggressive tendencies.  Neuropsychological testing Docsity.com