BBE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH RIGHT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2024., Exams of History

Download BBE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH RIGHT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2024. and more Exams History in PDF only on Docsity! BBE FINAL EXAM QUESTIONS WITH RIGHT ANSWERS LATEST UPDATED 2024.  According to Dave Morris's 'The Once and Future Carbohydrate Economy', "In 1820, Americans used two tons of [plant matter] for every one ton of [coal/oil]... But by 1975 Americans used ________ ton(s) of [coal/oil] for every one ton of [plant matter]." - Correct answer eight  Biorenewable resources are a subset of non- renewable resources. - Correct answer false  Natural resources include: - Correct answer air, metallic minerals, water, non-metallic minerals, fossil fuels, land  Which of the following are considered biorenewable? - Correct answer animal manure, sewage, trees  According to the 2017 U.S. Energy Information Administration's report on proven crude oil reserves by country, the top two countries are 1. Venezuela and 2. Saudi Arabia. Which country ranks third for largest volume of proven reserves? - Correct answer Canada  In the textbook reading from Irresponsible Pursuit of Paradise (IPP), Dr. Bower gave three reasons why the US is such a large importer of raw materials. What were they? - Correct answer We consume a lot.  There is opposition to the environmental impacts of raw material extraction.  We don't recycle enough.  In the Irresponsible Pursuit of Paradise (IPP) text the author wrote that the three pillars of sustainability are ecology, economy and society. What was his point? - Correct answer A healthy society must balance economics with the environmental protection.  When we think about consumption of resources there is both indirect and direct consumption. Match the following: - Correct answer lesson 2  If someone asked you if we should be concerned about running out of petroleum (crude oil) in about 40 years what would your response be? - Correct answer No, probably not.  In the video Hans talked about the 4 billion people that live between the poverty line and "the airline". Of these 4 billion about how many people have washing machines? - Correct answer 1 billion  In his video Hans Rosling indicated that 1/7th of the population (1 billion of the total of 7 billion) use about ________ of the energy. - Correct answer 50%  From the video, the taconite in the Mesabi formation contains about ___% iron. - Correct answer 30%  What was one of the reasons, cited in the text, that there was a spike in oil prices in the 1970's? - Correct answer US oil production slowed  What are people most concerned about when they are arguing "Not in my backyard"? - Correct answer Local environmental issues  Which best describes the concept "it takes resources to extract resources"? - Correct answer It takes water and fossil fuels to extract minerals or fossil fuels.  Given that we don't want to mine new resources because of environmental damage, we have to find ways to reduce consumption. What did Chapter 7 say about steel recycling? - Correct answer There is a significant benefit in recycling steel.  Because we are starting to see consumption as the problem Chapter 7 suggested a couple of options: recycling and materials use efficiency. What best describes materials use efficiency? - Correct answer Building the same product with less materials  If you watch the animation called "Pumphandle", it tracks CO2 concentrations back 800,000 years. In the animation, pre-industrial concentrations were about ___________. - Correct answer 280 ppm  The carbon cycle is drawn out in Figure 1. How much carbon is being emitted from human activity?  Correct! - Correct answer 9 billion metric units  Plants take carbon dioxide out of the atmosphere because of photosynthesis. Living plants also put carbon dioxide back in the atmosphere through a process called _____________. - Correct answer respiration  Figure 1 notes _________ billion metric tons of carbon being emitted from microbial respiration. - Correct answer 60  In the NASA video showing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere (A Year in the Life of Earth's CO2) what season showed the highest concentration of carbon dioxide in the northern hemisphere? - Correct answer Winter  Figure 3 shows the carbon dioxide emissions to the atmosphere from the different sources. In 1900 the greatest CO2 emissions were from _________. - Correct answer Land Use change  True or False? Water vapor is considered a greenhouse gas. - Correct answer True  Since this class is about biorenewable resources (stuff from plants) it is good to note that plants take up carbon from the atmosphere in the form of carbon dioxide. According to Figure 1, how much carbon do plants take up through photosynthesis? - Correct answer 123 billion metric units  The topic of biorenewable resources draws on information from all over the world. As such, sometimes the measurements we use are in metric (e.g. kilogram, meter) and other times standard units (e.g. lbs, feet). Anything about the carbon cycle is done in the metric system. "Tons" in the carbon cycle refers to metric tons. How much is a metric ton? - Correct answer 1000 kg  In the NASA video showing carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere (A Year in the Life of Earth's CO2) the red colors in the northern hemisphere start to fade (concentrations are reduced) because of ____________. - Correct answer plant uptake of carbon dioxide  If you were (somehow), in a car going 60 miles per hour, driving straight up towards the sky, how long would it take for you to reach the edge of the stratosphere?  Use this conversion:  (earth surface to stratosphere) x (1 hour/60 miles) x (60 minutes/1hour) = - Correct answer 30 minutes  Which of the following was NOT a common problem listed with LCAs? - Correct answer LCAs are still uncommon and not conducted frequently enough.  True or False: Consumers do not typically perform an LCA before making a purchase, though they might use the results from an LCA that have been summarized on a label or on a company's website. - Correct answer true  Refers to defining the product or system we are studying.  Functional Unit  Collecting all of the data that is needed for the LCA Inventory Analysis  Where the LCA begins and ends in terms of scope. - Correct answer Functional unit refers to the product being used.  Inventory Analysis refers to documenting all of the processes and products in a functional unit.  System boundary indicates where the LCA begins and ends in terms of scopes. (Gate to Gate or Cradle to Grave)  The LCA Briefing mentions that LCA is an internationally standardized process. The organization that developed the standards is called the International Standards Organization (ISO) - appropriate name I think... What is the official ISO standard number?  ISO LCA - Correct answer ISO 14040  Cellular respiration uses solar energy to produce sugar. - Correct answer false  Knots in wood are the result of branch formation. - Correct answer true  One of the functions of ray cells is to hold the layers of the tree together. - Correct answer true  Identify whether the following parts of corn are part of the male or female flower. - Correct answer quiz 7  From Austin's video, we can conclude that wood makes for a great construction material because the xylem area of a tree is ____________ . - Correct answer large and strong  The oldest part of the tree is___________. - Correct answer center  True or False? As the kernel stages progress, the moisture content inside of the kernel decreases (AKA the kernels become drier). - Correct answer true  Put the growing phases of a corn plant in chronologically order. - Correct answer quiz 7  The Australian in the video said that the tree fills the heartwood with chemical compounds called extractives which improve the wood's _________. (Select all that apply) - Correct answer durabiliy and streght  Which of the following best explains why trees have a higher lignin content than lettuce? - Correct answer Trees grow much taller than lettuce and need the additional structural support.  In many of the readings in forestry you will see the term "roundwood". This term refers to - Correct answer Generally any wood that is cut and has a round cross section.  The term "lumber" refers to - Correct answer A tree that has been harvested & processed for construction.  Plantations typically use GMO trees. - Correct answer false  two most important factors in where forests can grow are: - Correct answer Amount of precipitation  Temperatures  What is the best definition of silviculture? - Correct answer Working with nature to develop and maintain healthy forest systems  Why is thinning used in forest management? - Correct answer Reduce the competition to allow for the remaining trees to grow bigger  What do we mean when we say "dedicated crops"? - Correct answer Crops grown specifically for the production of bioenergy or bioproducts  A farm exclusively grows soybeans in 2017. The following year, on the exact same area of land, they only grow corn. This is an example of crop rotation.  True or false: This is also an example of a monoculture. - Correct answer true  Corn grain is processed and fermented to create ethanol fuel. We will learn more about this later in the semester. For now, identify the feedstock of this process, based on the statement above. - Correct answer corn grain  Which of the following might a farmer consider when making planting decision? Select all that apply. - Correct answer Which crop will be profitable  Correct! Fertilizer prices  Correct! Crop rotations  Correct! Data from precision agriculture  What does "energy subsidy" mean? - Correct answer The amount of energy required for each calorie of food produced.  What is a monoculture? - Correct answer Growing one crop species in a given area.  What is pesticide resistance? - Correct answer Over repeated applications, the pest population becomes less and less susceptible to the pesticide.  About 35% of our total land on the planet is devoted to agriculture. This is significant. But not all of our total land is habitable (some are glaciers or other barren land). Looking specifically at habitable land, what percent is devoted to agriculture? - Correct answer 50  Why are monocultures more susceptible to pests than a more diverse cropping system? - Correct answer It's easy for a pest to feed, grow, and multiply in a monoculture of its preferred plant.  Which of the following are issues that result from all of a monoculture being harvested at once? - Correct answer The barren field is vulnerable to soil erosion  Correct! Removing the plants removes nutrients from the system  In order to meet the global demands of our growing population, the number of acres of cereal cropland has _____________ since 1960. - Correct answer increased by 15%  Cover crops  Using plants to provide seasonal cover when the soil would otherwise be bare  Correct!Nutrient management Applying the right type of fertilizer at the right time in the right place  Correct!Crop rotation Rotating which crop is planted in the field each year  Correct!Conservation tillage Leaving crop residue on the soil surface  Correct!Contour buffer strip - Correct answer quiz 11  Which of the following are reasons a landowner/company might want to get their forests certified? Select all that apply. - Correct answer To gain access to new markets.  To show their consumers their forests are sustainably managed.  So that they can put an eco-label on their product and potentially charge more for it.  What is the difference between management certification and chain-of-custody certification? - Correct answer Management certification ensures responsible management, chain-of-custody ensures the origin of a material/product.  Environmental certification is typically voluntary - companies and producers can choose if they want to comply. - Correct answer true  Most certifying bodies keep their records private so there is no way to double check if a company is certified. - Correct answer false  The EMC of wood changes with changing relative humidity. - Correct answer true 14  The lumen of tracheids can be thought of as - Correct answer The space inside the tracheid cell.  Wood shrinks when its cells lose water. This happens when wood - Correct answer dries below FSP  Warping is only a problem with deck boards. - Correct answer false  Framed lumber is dried to - Correct answer 15-19% MCd  Fiber Saturation Point is when ______________________. - Correct answer Lumen is empty and cell walls are saturated.  Specific gravity is a measure of _____________? - Correct answer Solid material in a given volume of wood  n tension or compression, Youngs modulus is another term for - Correct answer Modulus of Elasticity  An example of impact bending would be: - Correct answer baseball and bat  One enhancement of particle board over lumber and plywood is _________. - Correct answer more uniform  What are some features of Cross Laminated Timber? Select all that apply. - Correct answer Stiff and strong in all directions  Alternating layers of lumber board  Plywood  Layers of thin wood in opposite directions  Correct!OSB Made with small wood strands/flakes  Correct!Glulam Good material for creative design with shapes  Correct!Densified Wood - Correct answer quiz 15  What are some features that engineered wood products could have that improve on conventional lumber? Select all that apply. - Correct answer quiz 15  In US, plywood layers are typically made up of softwood. - Correct answer true  Why is fire not an issue in Mass Timber Construction? - Correct answer Large lumber does not easily start on fire (think logs).  Mass timber panels are made with young small trees. - Correct answer true  Black liquor can be best described as: - Correct answer Cooking liquid containing broken-down lignin 16  Americans recycle about what percentage of the paper we consume? - Correct answer 66  In the United States, paper is primarily made from trees specifically harvested for papermaking. - Correct answer false  In the paper life-cycle, dioxins are formed during: - Correct answer bleaching of wood pulp  Hardwoods produce paper that is weaker than that made from softwoods. - Correct answer true  How many times can paper be recycled before the fibers get too short? - Correct answer 5-7  Mechanical pulping produces weaker paper than chemical pulping because: - Correct answer Mechanical methods physically tear the fibers from one another  Paper is made from pulp of primarily which part of the plant (wood) materials? - Correct answer tracheids  Paper and paperboard products make up approximately what percentage of garbage (municipal  What is the main difference between a starch molecule and a cellulose molecule? - Correct answer The linkages between the glucose monomers  Which of the following is more commonly used as a source of sugar for the production of bioproducts? - Correct answer corn starch  rue or false? Glucose is a monosaccharide. - Correct answer true  Why is it more challenging and more expensive to make bioproducts out of lignocellulosic feedstocks than starchy feedstocks? Select all that apply. - Correct answer More enzymes are required to break down lignocellulosic biomass than starchy biomass  Correct! Lignocellulosic feedstocks require more extensive pretreatment  Using corn starch as a source of sugar for ethanol production is equally popular everywhere in the world. - Correct answer false quiz 18  What is the main reason people are interested in making biofuel and bioproducts from lignocellulosic biomass? - Correct answer It has the potential to be a cheaper, more sustainable feedstock than starch  What percent of bioproducts made from corn come from the starch in the kernels (as opposed to the cellulose in the leaves and stems)? - Correct answer 99  Why do we want to get simple sugars out of biomass? - Correct answer Because simple sugars are the building blocks we use to create bioproducts  Which of the following are true about fermentation? Select all that apply. - Correct answer It is the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms  Correct Answer It's a type of respiration that happens in anaerobic conditions  Correct! It can be used to make a wide variety of bioproducts  Correct! It can be used to make beer  Put the steps a corn kernel takes to become ethanol fuel in order. - Correct answer quiz 19  True or false? The dried distillers grains (DDGs) leftover from ethanol production are most commonly used as a source of energy to power the distillation process. - Correct answer false  True or false? Ethanol is the only bioproduct that must go through a purification process. - Correct answer false  What are some key factors that must be regulated and monitored in the fermentation tank? Select all that apply. - Correct answer Nutrient levels  Correct! Temperature  Correct! pH  Correct Answer Pressure  We can think of cells as a "micro factory" that we use to manufacture a desired product. How do we decide what type of cells (i.e. which bacteria or yeast species) to use in our fermentation? - Correct answer Based on its ability to produce the product efficiently.  Why is fermentation considered an "upstream" biotechnology process? - Correct answer Because it occurs before recovery, purification, and packaging  How do genetically modified microorganisms produce the biochemicals we want? - Correct answer They go about their normal lives. Since the chemical is now encoded in their DNA, it's automatically produced as they grow, live, and reproduce.  what is a plasmid? - Correct answer A loop of bacterial DNA that we can insert our desired gene into  Although we can make so many biochemicals from fermentation, very few of them are produced in large quantities (more than 50,000 tons produced globally per year). - Correct answer true  Bio-oils produced from pyrolysis have the same chemical structure as oils produced from petroleum. - Correct answer false  Which process turns plant oils into diesel that is chemically the same as petroleum diesel? - Correct answer Hydrotreating  What is a biorefinery? - Correct answer A range of technologies used to break down biomass into its building block components which can then be converted to value-added products.  If the biofuel I am producing has an energy content of 130,000 BTU and the planting, growing, harvest and processing of the biofuel requires 100,000 BTUs; what is the EROI of this biofuel? - Correct answer 1.3 quizz 22  How much of the energy used in the United States comes from renewable energy sources? - Correct answer 11%  How much of the US GHG emissions are from transportation? - Correct answer 28%  Coal is used primarily for _______________. - Correct answer generating electricity  The easiest and best way to reduce emissions from transportation is to ____________. - Correct answer travel less  How much of our transportation fuel in the US is from petroleum? - Correct answer 92%  "Better" is a relative term. We have to think about what we are comparing it to and what features need to be "better".  To assess if something is environmentally better we would _____________. - Correct answer credible LCA  What are the three main categories that will reduce emissions from the transportation sector? - Correct answer Improve the efficiency of travel  Correct! Use fuels that emit less greenhouse gasses  Correct! Reduce the amount of travel  Global energy use is about 500 quadrillion BTUs. The United States uses about 20% of this energy. How many BTUs is that? - Correct answer 100 quadrillion BTUs  Pelletizing wood is especially important if _____________________. - Correct answer the wood is transported long distances  Combined Heat and Power (CHP) systems capture and use heat that would otherwise be wasted. - Correct answer true  Biomass to electricity in the US is important from a national security perspective. - Correct answer false  The EROI for wood to energy is ____________ than the EROI for coal to electricity. - Correct answer less  Which has the highest EROIel? - Correct answer Natural gas to electricity  Some countries in Europe are purchasing wood pellets from the United States. - Correct answer true  According to this lecture, electricity from wood is better than coal if forests are managed properly. - Correct answer true  The EPA has declared that wood to electricity is not carbon neutral. - Correct answer false  Which of the following energy input categories is the largest for a dedicated wood to pellet plant? - Correct answer Drying and milling processing  About ___________ of the wood energy used in the US goes to residential home heating. - Correct answer 31%  What is the operating temperature of most anaerobic digesters? - Correct answer 100 F  Which of the following are concerns with waste to energy systems? (select all that apply) - Correct answer Traffic  Air pollution  Odor  What are the options for using biogas? Select all that apply. - Correct answer Upgrade it and put it in the natural gas pipeline Electricity Production (CHP)  Direct Heating  The European Union's Renewable Energy Directive mandated that ________ percent of transportation fuels come from renewable sources b y 2020. - Correct answer 10%  Biodiesel comprises what percent of the European Union's biofuel consumption?  4% - Correct answer 80%  About half of the palm oil imported into the EU is used for biodiesel production. - Correct answer True  About half of the palm oil imported into the EU is used for non-fuel applications like food and cosmetics. - Correct answer True  How much has global palm oil consumption increased since 1990? - Correct answer Quintupled  What are some benefits to palm oil? - Correct answer More oil per acre than other crops  Unique ingredients not found in other oils  Possibly more environmental damage by having to produce the oil from other crops.  Provides jobs in some very poor countries.  How much of all the wood traded globally was obtained illegally? - Correct answer 15-30%  Developed countries like the U.S. and those in the European Union have nothing to do with illegal logging in tropical countries. - Correct answer False  According to the Government Effectiveness map, which of the following sets of countries are the most corrupt? - Correct answer Libya, Democratic Republic of Congo, Yemen  According to the Government Effectiveness map, Brazil is more corrupt than China. - Correct answer True