Essential Computer Concepts: Hardware and Networking, Exams of Nursing

Download Essential Computer Concepts: Hardware and Networking and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! BCIS exam 1 -Essential Computer Concepts(Complete) 2023 computer - Answer an electronic device that accepts information and instructions from a user, manipulates the information according to the instructions, diaplays the information in some ay and stores the information for retrieval later hardware - Answer physical components of the computer pixels - Answer dots that combine to create an image on a computer monitor. bits - Answer Binary Digit (0 or 1): the smallest atomic element in the DNA of information, can represent other numbers 10=2, 11=3...Analog have static, digital don' bytes - Answer Collection of 8 bits. Amount of data storage. microprocessor - Answer integrated circuit semiconductor chip that performs the bulk of the processing and controls the parts of a system Facts about Microprocessor - Answer the speed of the microprocessor determines how fast a computer processes data and executes instructions memory - Answer a set of storage locations on the motherboard different from permanent storage Clock speed - Answer Pulse of the processor • Measured in millions of cycles per second (MHz) or billions of cycles per second (GHz) Word size - Answer Number of bits that are processed at one time • Large word size processes faster • PCs are either 32-bit or 64-bit Number of processors on the chip - Answer Single-core processor - one processor on a chip • Dual-core processor - two processors on a chip • Quad-core processor - four processors on a chip Random access memory (RAM) - Answer Chips on cards that plug into the motherboard - Temporarily holds programs and data - Accesses information randomly - Volatile - constantly changes while the computer is on add RAM to make computer go faster-install memory cards to motherboard SDRAM (Synchronous Dynamic) - - Answer synchronized with the processor to allow faster access to its contents Cache memory (RAM cache or CPU cache) - Answer High-speed memory chip on the motherboard or CPU - Frequently and recently accessed data and commands are stored there BCIS exam 1 -Essential Computer Concepts(Complete) 2023 Virtual memory - Answer Space on the computer's storage devices that simulates additional RAM - Moves data and commands from RAM to the hard drive to allow space for new data and commands Read-only memory (ROM) - Answer Chip on the motherboard prerecorded with instructions the computer uses to • Check its components to ensure they are working • Activate the software that provides the basic functionality of the computer BIOS (Basic Input/Output System) - Answer - tells the computer to • Initialize the motherboard • Recognize the peripherals • Start the boot process - Nonvolatile memory (permanent) - never changes Boot process - Answer set of events that occurs between the moment you turn on the computer and the moment you can begin to use the computer Complementary metal oxide semiconductor memory (CMOS) - Answer Chip installed on the motherboard that is activated during the boot process -Identifies where essential software is stored -Battery powered -Semi-permanent memory - changes every time you add or remove hardware File - Answer named collection of stored data Executable file - Answer contains the instructions that tell a computer how to perform a specific task Data file - Answer created by a user Magnetic storage devices - Answer Store data as magnetized particles on mylar (plastic) which is then coated on both sides with a magnetic oxide coating - Process • Particles in the magnetic surface are scattered in random patterns • Read-write head magnetizes particles to represent data - Examples - hard disk, tape, floppy disk Hard disk - Answer Contains several magnetic oxide-covered metal platters - Sealed in case - Access time • Amount of time it takes to read or write one record of data • Measured in milliseconds (ms) or a million cycles per second - Stores GB and TB of data - Can be internal or external Optical storage devices - Answer Polycarbonate discs coated with a reflective metal on which data is recorded using laser technology - Process • Write data - laser burns pits into a reflective surface - Pits become dark, non- reflective areas of the disk - Areas that are not pits have a reflective surface • Read data - uses laser beam - Pits absorb light = 0 - Reflect light = 1 CD - Answer CD-ROM (Compact Disk Read Only Memory) drives • Read-only access • Capacity - 700 MB • Bought software - CD-R (Compact Disk Recordable) drives • Record data and append to end if disk is not finalized • Cannot erase or modify - CD-RW (Compact Disk Rewritable) drives • Re-record data • Continually access and modify BCIS exam 1 -Essential Computer Concepts(Complete) 2023 4 components of data communications - Answer Sender - Receiver - Channel - Protocol Sender - Answer computer that originates the message Channel - Answer hardware on which the message is sent Receiver - Answer computer at the message's destination Protocols - - Answer Rules that establish the transfer of data between sender and receiver - Communication software and hardware establish these protocols at the beginning of the transmission Device driver - Answer a computer program that can establish communication because it contains information about the characteristics of your computer and of the device Data bus - Answer the path between the microprocessor, RAM, and peripherals Interfacing - Answer the process of connecting a peripheral to a computer system Port - Answer found on both the peripheral and computer Cable - Answer connects the peripheral and computer Controller (expansion or interface) card - - Answer - Connects to a port - Plugs into expansion slots Expansion slot - Answer electrical connection on the motherboard Universal Serial Bus (USB) port - Answer - Allows multiple connections at the same port - Hot swapping - computer recognizes the device when plugged in and allows you to use it immediately - Located on the front, back, or side of a computer - Hub - Connects keyboard, mouse, printer FireWire - Answer Developed by Apple - Standardized by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) as the IEEE 1394 interface - Data transfers are faster than using USB HDMI (high-definition multimedia interface) - Answer transmits video and audio digitally BCIS exam 1 -Essential Computer Concepts(Complete) 2023 DVI (digital video interface) - Answer transmits video digitally VGA (video graphics array) - Answer allows analog video transmission Modem - Answer device that connects your computer to a standard telephone jack or to a cable connection PS/2 port - Answer connects keyboard and mouse Ethernet port - Answer Allows connection to another computer, a LAN, a modem, or directly to the Internet Network - Answer connects one computer to other computers and peripheral devices, enabling you to share data and resources with others Basic characteristics and requirements for networks - Answer Network interface card (NIC) • Each computer connected to a network must have one • Creates a communications channel between the computer and the network • Cable is used to connect the NIC port to the network - Network software • Establishes the communications protocols that will be observed on the network • Controls the "traffic flow" as data travels throughout the network Server - Answer • Acts as a central storage location for programs • Provides mass storage for most of the data used on the network Client-server network - Answer network with a server and computers dependent on the server Client - Answer computer dependent on a server Peer-to-peer network - Answer - network where all the computers are equal with programs and data distributed among them Node - Answer any device connected to the network Standalone computer - Answer PC that is not connected to the network Workstation - Answer PC that is connected to the network Router - Answer device that controls traffic between network components Types of networks - Answer LAN (local area network) - devices located relatively close together, generally in the same building - WAN (wide area network) • More than one LAN connected together • Internet - largest example - WLAN (wireless local area network) - devices use high- frequency radio waves instead of wires to communicate and connect in a network BCIS exam 1 -Essential Computer Concepts(Complete) 2023 - WiFi (wireless fidelity) • Networks connected using a standard radio frequency • Used over short distances to connect computers to a LAN - PAN (personal area network) - devices located close to each other can communicate or connect a device to the Internet Types of networks continued - Answer Infrared technology • Uses infrared light waves to beam data from one device to another • Devices must be compatible • Devices must be positioned close to each other with their infrared ports pointed at each other • Example - TV remote controls - Bluetooth • Uses short-range radio waves to connect a device wirelessly to another device or to the Internet • Devices must each have a Bluetooth transmitter • Can communicate around corners or through walls • Example - cell phones - WiMax (worldwide interoperability for microwave access) - connects users over many miles to a LAN Telecommunications - Answer communicating over a comparatively long distance using a phone line or some other data conduit Internet - Answer largest network in the world, connecting millions of people electronic mail gateways World Wide Web - Answer a huge database of information that is stored on network servers in places that allow public access • Web page - a special type of text file that stores the information • Web site - a collection of Web pages • Hyperlink - a connection to another page, etc. • Web browser - software that navigates the Web Software - - Answer the instructions and associated data that direct the computer to accomplish a task System software and Fundamental operations - Answer manages the fundamental operations of your computer Fundamental operations - Loading programs and data into memory - Executing programs - Saving data to disk - Displaying information on the monitor - Transmitting data through a port to a peripheral Application software - Answer helps the user carry out a variety of tasks Types of systems software - Answer Operating system Controls basic I/O (input/output) - flow of data from the microprocessor to memory to peripherals and back again • Allocates system resources - helps programs run properly - System resource - any part of the computer system, including memory,