Big bang theory introduction, Summaries of Physics

Download Big bang theory introduction and more Summaries Physics in PDF only on Docsity! Timeline of fundamental physics discoveries This timeline lists significant discoveries in physics and the laws of nature, including experimental discoveries, theoretical proposals that were confirmed experimentally, and theories that have significantly influenced current thinking in modern physics. Such discoveries are often a multi-step, multi-person process. Multiple discovery sometimes occurs when multiple research groups discover the same phenomenon at about the same time, and scientific priority is often disputed. The listings below include some of the most significant people and ideas by date of publication or experiment. 384–322 BCE - Aristotle: Aristotelian physics 250 BCE - Archimedes: Archimedes' principle 500 CE - John Philoponus: Theory of impetus Pre-scientific 16th century 1514 - Nicolaus Copernicus: Heliocentrism 1589 - Galileo Galilei: Galileo's Leaning Tower of Pisa experiment 1609, 1619 - Kepler: Kepler's laws of planetary motion 1613 - Galileo Galilei: Inertia 1621 - Willebrord Snellius: Snell's law 1632 - Galileo Galilei: The Galilean principle (the laws of motion are the same in all inertial frames) 1660 - Blaise Pascal: Pascal's law 1660 - Robert Hooke: Hooke's law 1662 - Robert Boyle: Boyle's law 1676 - Ole Rømer: Rømer's determination of the speed of light traveling from the moons of Jupiter. 1678 - Christiaan Huygens mathematical wave theory of light, published in his Treatise on Light 1687 - Isaac Newton: Newton's laws of motion, and Newton's law of universal gravitation[1] 1782 - Antoine Lavoisier: Conservation of mass 1785 - Charles-Augustin de Coulomb: Coulomb's inverse-square law for electric charges confirmed[2] 1801 - Thomas Young: Wave theory of light 1803 - John Dalton: Atomic theory of matter 1806 - Thomas Young: Kinetic energy 1814 - Augustin-Jean Fresnel: Wave theory of light, optical interference 17th century 18th century 19th century 1923 - Arthur Compton: Particle nature of photons confirmed by observation of photon momentum 1924 - Bose–Einstein statistics 1924 - Louis de Broglie: De Broglie wave 1925 - Werner Heisenberg: Matrix mechanics 1925-27 - Niels Bohr & Max Planck: Quantum mechanics 1925 - Stellar structure understood 1926 - Fermi-Dirac Statistics 1926 - Erwin Schrödinger: Schrödinger Equation 1927 - Werner Heisenberg: Uncertainty principle 1927 - Georges Lemaître: Big Bang 1927 - Paul Dirac: Dirac equation 1927 - Max Born interpretation of the Schrödinger equation 1928 - Paul Dirac proposes the antiparticle 1929 - Edwin Hubble: Expansion of the universe confirmed 1932 - Carl David Anderson: Antimatter discovered 1932 - James Chadwick: Neutron discovered 1933 - Ernst Ruska: Invention of the electron microscope 1935 - Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar: Chandrasekhar limit for black hole collapse 1937 - Muon discovered by Carl David Anderson and Seth Neddermeyer 1938 - Pyotr Kapitsa: Superfluidity discovered 1938 - Otto Hahn, Lise Meitner and Fritz Strassmann Nuclear fission discovered 1938-39 - Stellar fusion explains energy production in stars 1939 - Uranium fission discovered 1941 - Feynman path integral 1944 - Theory of magnetism in 2D: Ising model 1947 - C.F. Powell, Giuseppe Occhialini, César Lattes: Pion discovered 1948 - Richard Feynman, Shinichiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger, Freeman Dyson: Quantum electrodynamics 1948 - Invention of the maser and laser by Charles Townes 1948 - Feynman diagrams 1956 - Electron neutrino discovered 1956-57 - Parity violation proved by Dr. Chien-Shiung Wu 1957 - BCS theory explaining superconductivity 1959-60 - Role of topology in quantum physics predicted and confirmed 1962 - SU(3) theory of strong interactions 1962 - Muon neutrino discovered 1963 - Chien-Shiung Wu confirms the conserved vector current theory for weak interactions 1963 - Murray Gell-Mann and George Zweig: Quarks predicted 1964 - Bell's Theorem initiates quantitative study of quantum entanglement 1967 - Unification of weak interaction and electromagnetism (electroweak theory) 1967 - Solar neutrino problem found 1967 - Pulsars (rotating neutron stars) discovered 1968 - Experimental evidence for quarks found 1968 - Vera Rubin: Dark matter theories 1970-73 - Standard Model of elementary particles invented 1971 - Helium 3 superfluidity 1971-75 - Michael Fisher, Kenneth G. Wilson, and Leo Kadanoff: Renormalization group 1972 - Black Hole Entropy 1974 - Black hole radiation (Hawking radiation) predicted 1974 - Charmed quark discovered 1975 - Tau lepton found 1977 - Bottom quark found 1980 - Strangeness as a signature of quark-gluon plasma predicted[3] 1980 - Richard Feynman proposes quantum computing 1980 - Quantum Hall effect 1981 - Alan Guth Theory of cosmic inflation proposed 1981 - Fractional quantum Hall effect discovered 1983 - Simulated annealing 1984 - W and Z bosons directly observed 1984 - First laboratory implementation of quantum cryptography 1989-98 - Quantum annealing 1993 - Quantum teleportation of unknown states proposed 1994 - Shor's algorithm discovered, initiating the serious study of quantum computation 1994-97 - Matrix models/M-theory 1995 - Wolfgang Ketterle: Bose–Einstein condensate observed 1995 - Top quark discovered 1995-2000 - Econophysics and Kinetic exchange models of markets 1998 - Accelerating expansion of the universe discovered by the Supernova Cosmology Project and the High-Z Supernova Search Team 1998 - Atmospheric neutrino oscillation established 1999 - Lene Vestergaard Hau: Slow light experimentally demonstrated 2000 - Quark-gluon plasma found[4] 2000 - Tau neutrino found 2001 - Solar neutrino oscillation observed, resolving the solar neutrino problem 2003 - WMAP observations of cosmic microwave background 2004 - Isolation and characterization of graphene 21st century