Principles of Evolution and Biogeography, Exams of Biology

Download Principles of Evolution and Biogeography and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! BIO 111 Assignment Questions What is the ultimate source of new alleles in all living organisms? - mutations morphological divergence is the wing of a bat and the ____ - hand of a human Biogeography is the study of the _____. - patterns in the geographical distribution of species Today, all biological research is undertaken with the recognition that ____. - all living organisms share the same common ancestor The wings of bats and birds are ____. - homologous because they have similar internal bone structure inherited from a common ancestor A ____ mutation changes the DNA sequence but has no impact on the fitness of the individual. - neutral Pigs have feet with toes that do not touch the ground. These toes are examples of ____. - vestigial structures According to ____, environmental pressures caused changes in body parts, which were directed by ____ and passed onto offspring. - Lamarack; fluida The fossil record documents ____, providing clear evidence of ongoing change in biological lineages. - continuity in morphological characteristics Darwin hypothesized that advantageous hereditary traits in nature would become more common in populations due to the process of ____. - natural selection Darwin incorporated Malthus' idea that _____ into his theory of evolution. - populations will always produce more individuals than the environment can support (maybe) Which of the following populations is not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? - a population undergoing natural selection An earthquake causes a river to change course and forms an oxbow lake. A portion of a population of river fish is separated into the new oxbow lake and has no contact with the river populations = Founder Effect A fire burns through a forest killing the majority of a species of tree. The surviving population is a fraction of the size of the original = Bottleneck Effect In a species of cichlid fish, the females will choose to mate with the brightest male. = Nonrandom Mating In a species of yellow flowering plants, some individuals begin to display a red coloration in their flowers that wasn't present in any previous generation. The coloration does not appear to affect selection = Mutation - very small and very large human newborns are less likely to survive than those born at an intermediate weight due to ____. - stabilizing selection Disadvantageous recessive alleles are protected from natural selection due to ____. - diploidy Inbreeding is primarily due to ____. - nonrandom mating Most new alleles probably arise from ____. - small-scalemutations in DNA When male moose engage in their annual battles, butting heads with their oversized antlers, they are exhibiting ____ selection. - intrasexual Any product of natural selection that increases the relative fitness of an organism in its environment is called a(n) ____. - adaptive trait According to the Hardy-Weinberg principle, microevolution occurs when ____. - population experiences a shift in allele frequencies If there are two alleles for a gene in a population, and the frequency of the dominant allele (p) is .5, then the frequency of the recessive allele (q) is ____. - 0.50 Two species of hawk are able to mate successfully, but one hunts in the morning and the other hunts at night. Mating between the two species, therefore, does not occur. = Behavioral Isolation The genitals of snakes are analogous to a lock and key mechanism- the "keys' will only fit in certain "locks". = Gametic isolation Two species of skunk coexist and are able to mate successfully, but one reproduces in the spring, whereas the other reproduces in the fall = Temporal isolation Two species or squirrels are separated by a mountain range and cannot interact with each other