Download Endocrine System Functions, Hormones, and Communication: A Comprehensive Guide and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! BIO 171 Exam 1Questions with Correct Answers Functions of endocrine system - Correct answer regulates long term processes (growth, development and reproduction), use chemical messengers to relay information and instructions between cells. Hypothalamus produces - Correct answer -ADH antidiuretic hormone (helps retain water), oxytocin (stimulates smooth muscle contraction-- uterus contraction) and regulatory hormones Pituitary gland produces - Correct answer anterior lobe: ACH, TSH, GH, PRL, FSH, LH, and MSH Posterior lobe: release of oxytocin and ADH Pinal gland produces - Correct answer melatonin Parathyroid gland produces - Correct answer parathyroid hormone (PTH) Thyroid gland produces - Correct answer Thyroxin (T4) Triiodothyronine (T3) Calcitonin Adrenal gland produces - Correct answer adrenal medulla: epinephrine and norepinephrine Adrenal cortex: cortisol, corticosterone, aldosterone, and androgens Pancreas (pancreatic islets) produces - Correct answer insulin and glucagon Heart: secretes natriuretic peptides - Correct answer atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) Brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) Thymus: undergoes atrophy during adulthood - Correct answer secretes thymuses Adipose tissue: secretes - Correct answer lepton Digestive tract: secretes numerous hormones involved in the... - Correct answer coordination of system functions, glucose metabolism and appetite Kidneys secrete - Correct answer Erythropoietin (EPO) Calcitriol (increase absorption of Ca2+ during digestion Gonads - Correct answer testes (males): androgens (especially testosterone), inhibit Ovaries (female): estrogen, progestin’s, inhibit Direct communication - Correct answer * through gap junctions * Ions, small solutes, lipid soluble materials * Usually limited to adjacent cells of the same type that is interconnected by cinnamons Paracrine communication - Correct answer - Through extracellular fluid - Paracrine factors - Primarily limited to a local area, where paracrine factor concentrations are relatively high; target cells must have appropriate receptors Endocrine communication - Correct answer -through bloodstream -hormones -target cells are primarily in other tissues and organs and must have appropriate receptors Synaptic communication - Correct answer across synaptic clefts -neurotransmitters -limited to very specific area -target cells must have appropriate receptors Three group’s hormones can be divided into - Correct answer -amino acid derivatives, peptide hormones, and lipid derivatives -Secretion and distribution of hormones-- circulate freely or travel bound to special carrier proteins Amino acid derivatives - Correct answer are small molecules structurally related to amino acids Derivative of tyrosine - Correct answer thyroid hormones, catecholamine’s (epinephrine, norepinephrine and dopamine) Derivatives of tryptophan - Correct answer serotonin and melatonin Peptide hormones - Correct answer chains of amino acids; most are synthesized as prohormones ( inactive molecules converted to active hormones before or after they are secreted) Glycoproteins - Correct answer protein are more than 200 amino acids long and have carbohydrate side chains -thyroid stimulating hormones (TSH) -luteinizing hormone (LH) -Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) Short chain polypeptides - Correct answer Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) and oxytocin (OXT) (each 9 amino acids long)