Anatomy and Physiology of the Endocrine, Digestive, and Reproductive Systems, Exams of Biology

Download Anatomy and Physiology of the Endocrine, Digestive, and Reproductive Systems and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Bio 255 Final Exam 181 Questions with Verified Solutions 2024 Update. 1. The neurohypophysis or posterior lobe of the pituitary gland is not a true endocrine gland because - ANS it is only a hormone storage area receiving hormones made by the hypothalamus for release 2. The hormone made by the pineal gland is - ANS melatonin 3. Several hormones are synthesizes in the hypothalamus and transported to the anterior pituitary gland. The mechanism of transportation from hypothalamus to anterior through the - ANS hypophyseal portal system 4. The parathyroid glands maintain adequate levels of blood calcium. This is accomplished through - ANS targeting the bone and activating osteoclasts so that calcium will be released. 5. The fasting hormone, made by your pancreas while you sleep to maintain you blood glucose is - ANS glucagon 6. Autotroph cells in the pituitary produce a hormone that controls mammary gland milk synthesis. This hormone is called - ANS prolactin 7. The parathyroid glands are derived from - ANS endoderm 8. When we ingest large molecules such as lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins, they must be broken into smaller molecules. This series of reactions is called - ANS digestion 9. The sheets of peritoneal membrane holding the digestive tract in place are called - ANS mesenteries 10. The function of the hepatic portal circulation is to - ANS send absorbed nutrients to the liver for metabolic processing or storage 11. The function of goblet cells of the gastrointestinal tract mucosa is to - ANS?? 12. The mouth is lined with - ANS stratified squamous epithelium 13. Tooth structure includes - ANS a thin periodontal ligament holding the tooth in place 14. Which tongue papillae type has no taste buds, but functions to give the tongue roughness and provide friction? - ANS Fusiform 15. The gradual demineralization of tooth enamel and dentin by bacterial is called - ANS caries 16. The primary function of the anal sphincters is to - ANS prevent defecation until convenient 17. Parietal cells of the stomach produce - ANS hydrochloric acid P a g e 1 | 10 18. The structures of small intestine cells providing microscopic finger-like projections into the lumen of the small intestine to provide increased for food molecule absorption? - ANS Microvilli 19. Chuffer cells are - ANS found in the liver and responsible for removing bacteria and worn-out cells 20. Which is an exocrine product of the pancreas? - ANS Lipase Enzyme 21. The terminal portion of the small intestine is known as the - ANS Ileum 22. The Tania coli of the large intestine are - ANS longitudinal smooth muscle fibers 23. Which is NOT a function of the normal bacterial flora of the colon? - ANS Hydrolysis of proteins to supply amino acids 24. The mucosa of the developing alimentary tube comes from - ANS ectoderm 25. The first major branch of the renal artery is - ANS segmental 26. Correct statement about nephrons: - ANS The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule is simple squamous epithelium 27. Which of the following statements describes the histology of the uterus? - ANS They are trilayered 28. The area of the urinary bladder outlined by openings for the ureters and urethra is important clinically because infections tend to persist here. This area is known as? - ANS Trigon 29. Which of the following best describes urinary function in older adults (70 years or older)? - ANS Bladder control may decline with aging 30. The darts and premaster muscles are important to the integrity of the male reproductive system. Which of the following is true about the role they play? - ANS the regulate the testes' temperature 31. The duct system of the male reproductive system includes - ANS the ducts deferens, a duct that runs from the epididymis up into the pelvic cavity 32. Which of the following glands surround the urethra and produces citrate and enzymes that help activate the sperm? - ANS The prostate 33. The basic difference between spermatogenesis and oogenesis is - ANS in oogenesis, one mature ovum is produce, and in spermatogenesis four mature sperm are produced from the parent cell. 34. The cells that produce testosterone in the testis are called - ANS interstitial cells 35. Which of the following is a correct statement about uterine tubes? - ANS The infundibulum is the funnel-shaped region near the ovary 36. Which layer of the uterus regenerates the layer shed each month with menstruation? - ANS Endometrium, stratum basalts P a g e 2 | 10 75. Of the following muscle types, which has only one nucleus, no sarcomeres, and only a few gap junctions between cells? - ANS Multiunit smooth muscle 76. The term central nervous system refers to the - ANS brain and spinal cord 77. Neuroglia that control the chemical environment around neurons and guide neuron migration in development are - ANS astrocytes 78. In general, neurons with militated, large diameter fibers transmit information more quickly than unmyelinated, small diameter fibers - ANS True 79. The point at which an impulse from one nerve cell is communicated to another nerve cell is the - ANS synapse 80. An action potential is - ANS when a neuron sends an impulse from dendrite to axon 81. The arbor vitae refers to - ANS cerebellar white matter 82. The central sulcus separate which cerebral lobes? - ANS Frontal from parietal 83. The posterior grey horn of the spinal cord - ANS contains sensory neurons 84. The exterior of your cerebrum consists of - ANS gray matter 85. The primary visual center is in which lobe of the cerebrum? - ANS Occipital 86. Where would you NOT find an autonomic ganglion? - ANS In the armpit 87. Which taste bud cell type detects taste? - ANS Gustatory cells 88. What produces the aqueous humor? - ANS Biliary body 89. The outside of the whites of the eyes are covered by the - ANS cornea 90. Which does not experience both increases and decreases in pressure as you hear sounds? - ANS Scale utricle 91. Which can directly cause the round window to bulge when there is increase pressure? - ANS Scale tympani 92. The blood vessel type bringing blood from the lungs to the heart is the - ANS pulmonary vein 93. Which of the following is true about blood plasma? - ANS It is about 90% of water 94. Which blood cells make antibodies? - ANS B-Lymphocytes 95. Which blood cells migrate to become macrophages? - ANS Monocytes 96. A heart beat is normally initiated when - ANS autrohythmic cells have recovered from the previous contraction 97. The left ventricular wall of the heart is thicker than the right wall. This allows the left ventricle to - ANS pump blood with greater pressure P a g e 5 | 10 98. Select the correct statement about the heart valves: - ANS the AV valves are supported by chord endian so that they do not go back up into the atria during ventricular contraction 99. Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are - ANS lymph nodes 100. When the lymphatic’s are blocked due to tumors, the result is - ANS severe localized edema distal to the blockage 101. Most inspired particles such as duct fail to reach the lungs because of the - ANS ciliated mucous lining in the nose 102. Select the correct statement about the pharynx - ANS the auditory tubes open into the nasopharynx 103. The ability of a specific tissue or organ to respond to the presence of a hormone is dependent on - ANS the presence of the appropriate receptors on or in the target tissue or organ cells 104. Growth Hormone - ANS promotes long bone growth during formative years 105. The adrenal cortex is composed of three layers of cells. Which layer is responsible for production if mineralocorticoids including aldosterone? - ANS Zone glomerulus 106. Mineralocorticoid is to aldosterone as glucocorticoid is to - ANS cortisol 107. Aldosterone - ANS made in zone glomerulus of adrenal cortex outer layer, regulate water balance 108. Thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) are made thyroid gland - ANS follicular cells 109. The pancreas is served from - ANS endoderm 110. Which is composed of two layers of visceral peritoneum and attaches the small intestine to the posterior of the abdominopelvic cavity? - ANS Mesentery 111. The hepatic portal vein brings blood from the __ to the __. - ANS Digestive viscera, liver 112. The capillaries nourishing the epithelium and absorbing digested nutrients lie in the - ANS lamina propriety 113. Which is the median fold of tissue joining the internal lips to the gums? - ANS Labial 114. The dental formula for an adult is 2-1-2-3. What does 1 stand for? - ANS Canine 115. The accumulation of calculus around a tooth causes - ANS gingivitis 116. The serious gum disease involving the formation of pockets around some teeth is called - ANS periodontitis P a g e 6 | 10 117. The primary function of the pyloric sphincter is to - ANS prevent too rapid gastric emptying 118. Chief cells - ANS produce pepsinogen 119. The absorptive effectiveness of the small intestine is enhanced by increasing the surface area of the mucosal lining. Which of the following accomplish this task? - ANS Plicate circulates and intestinal villi 120. The formations of the gallbladder include - ANS storage of bile 121. Which is the correct order of colonic segments as encountered by chime? - ANS Ascending colon, hepatic fixture, transverse colon, splenic flexure, descending colon, sigmoid 122. The Tania coli of the large intestine are - ANS longitudinal smooth muscle fibers 123. Which is not a function of the normal bacterial flora of the colon? - ANS Emulsification of lipids for better vitamin K absorption 124. The anus develops from - ANS ectoderm 125. The fatty tissue surrounding the kidneys is important because - ANS it cushions kidneys and keeps it attached 126. In the kidney, blood is filtered in the - ANS renal capsule 127. The lower ureter sphincters prevent back flow of urine from the urinary bladder when it is full - ANS false 128. The area of the urinary bladder outlined by the openings for the ureters and urethra is important clinically because infections tends to Persia here. This are is known as the - ANS trigon 129. Select the correct statement about urinary system development - ANS kidneys develop from urogenital ridges 130. Erectile tissues of the penis are filled with - ANS blood sinuses 131. Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is not true? - ANS Each spermatid forms two sperm 132. Which cells surround developing sperm to provide a testes-blood barrier, which prevents the immune system from attacking sperm? - ANS Sustanticular cells 133. Ciliated tubes that move the ovum to the uterus are called the - ANS uterine tubes 134. Which blood vessel spasm and degenerate each month causing menstruation to occur? - ANS Spiral arteries 135. A female infant is born with several hundred oocytes, each one genetically unique. This is due to - ANS independent assortment and random crossover P a g e 7 | 10