Chemical Compounds: Ribose, Deoxyribose, Isotopes, Isomers, Peptides, Proteins, Carbs, Lip, Quizzes of Biology

Download Chemical Compounds: Ribose, Deoxyribose, Isotopes, Isomers, Peptides, Proteins, Carbs, Lip and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 ribose DEFINITION 1 Ribose is an organic compound with the formula C5H10O5; specifically, a pentose monosaccharide with linear form H(C=O)(CHOH)4H, which has all the hydroxyl groups on the same side in the Fischer projection. TERM 2 deoxyribose DEFINITION 2 Deoxyribose, or more precisely 2-deoxyribose, is a monosaccharide with idealized formula H-(CH2)-(CHOH)3-H. TERM 3 isotope DEFINITION 3 Isotopes are variants of a particular chemical element such that while all isotopes of a given element have the same number of protons in each atom, they differ in neutron number. TERM 4 isomer DEFINITION 4 In chemistry, isomers are molecules with the same molecular formula but different chemical structures. TERM 5 polypeptide DEFINITION 5 Peptides are naturally occurring biological molecules. TERM 6 peptide DEFINITION 6 Peptides are naturally occurring biological molecules. TERM 7 proteins DEFINITION 7 Proteins are large biological molecules, or macromolecules, consisting of one or more long chains of amino acid residues. TERM 8 carbohydrates DEFINITION 8 A carbohydrate is a large biological molecule, or macromolecule, consisting of carbon, hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) atoms, usually with a hydrogen:oxygen atom ratio of 2:1 (as in water); in other words, with the empirical formula (where m could be different from n). TERM 9 lipid DEFINITION 9 Lipids are a group of naturally occurring molecules that include fats, waxes, sterols, fat-soluble vitamins, monoglycerides, diglycerides, triglycerides, phospholipids, and others. TERM 10 helices DEFINITION 10 A helix is a type of smooth space curve, i.e. a curve in three- dimensional space.