BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCC, Exams of Nursing

Download BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCC and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Question 1 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Which statement is true about fungal infections? They result in release of endotoxins. They are controlled by phagocytes and T lymphocytes. They are prevented by vaccines. They occur only on skin, hair, and nails. The host defense against fungal infection includes the fungistatic properties of neutrophils and macrophages. T lymphocytes are crucial in limiting the extent of infection and producing cytokines to further activate macrophages. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 2 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do neutrophils actively attack, engulf, and destroy by phagocytosis? Bacteria Viruses Mycoplasma Fungi BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 5 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 bone marrow HIV may persist in regions where the antiviral drugs are not as effective, such as the CNS. After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for months. 1 to 2 6 to 14 BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 6 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 24 to 36 18 to 20 Antibody appears rather rapidly after infection through blood products, usually within 4 to 7 weeks. After sexual transmission, however, the individual can be infected yet seronegative for 6 to 14 months or, in at least one case, for years. What of the following remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide? Infectious disease BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 7 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Traumatic injury Cardiovascular disease Starvation Despite the wide scale implementation of progressive public health and immunization policies, infectious disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue damage is a result of complement-mediated cell lysis. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 9 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Most type III hypersensitivity diseases are caused by antigen-antibody (immune) complexes that are formed in the circulation and deposited later in vessel walls or extravascular tissues (Figure 8-3). Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function? Iodine Zinc Magnesium BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 10 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Iron Deficient zinc intake can profoundly depress T- and B-cell function. A person with type O blood is likely to have high titers of anti- antibodies. A and B BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 11 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 B A O Type O individuals, who have neither A or B antigen but have both anti-A and anti- B antibodies, cannot accept blood from any of the other three types. Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(n) altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 13 2 / 2 pts What mechanism occurs in Raynaud phenomenon that classifies it as a type III hypersensitivity reaction? Immune complexes are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation. Antibodies detect the capillaries as foreign protein and destroy them using lysosomal enzymes and toxic oxygen species. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes attack and destroy the capillaries so that they are unable to perfuse local tissues. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 14 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Mast cells bind to specific endothelial receptors that cause them to degranulate, creating a localized inflammatory reaction that occludes capillary circulation. A form of serum sickness is Raynaud phenomenon, a condition caused by the temperature-dependent deposition of immune complexes in the capillary beds of the peripheral circulation. The effect that low serum albumin has on the central stress response is to impair wound healing. diminish oncotic pressure. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 1 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Which statement is true about fungal infections? They result in release of endotoxins. They are controlled by phagocytes and T lymphocytes. They are prevented by vaccines. They occur only on skin, hair, and nails. The host defense against fungal infection includes the fungistatic properties of neutrophils and macrophages. T lymphocytes are crucial in limiting the extent of infection and producing cytokines to further activate macrophages. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 2 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do neutrophils actively attack, engulf, and destroy by phagocytosis? Bacteria Viruses Mycoplasma Fungi BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 5 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 bone marrow HIV may persist in regions where the antiviral drugs are not as effective, such as the CNS. After sexual transmission of HIV, a person can be infected yet seronegative for months. 1 to 2 6 to 14 BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 6 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 24 to 36 18 to 20 Antibody appears rather rapidly after infection through blood products, usually within 4 to 7 weeks. After sexual transmission, however, the individual can be infected yet seronegative for 6 to 14 months or, in at least one case, for years. What of the following remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide? Infectious disease BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 7 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Traumatic injury Cardiovascular disease Starvation Despite the wide scale implementation of progressive public health and immunization policies, infectious disease remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. In a type II hypersensitivity reaction, when soluble antigens from infectious agents enter circulation, tissue damage is a result of complement-mediated cell lysis. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 9 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Most type III hypersensitivity diseases are caused by antigen-antibody (immune) complexes that are formed in the circulation and deposited later in vessel walls or extravascular tissues (Figure 8-3). Deficiencies in which element can produce depression of both B- and T-cell function? Iodine Zinc Magnesium BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 10 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Iron Deficient zinc intake can profoundly depress T- and B-cell function. A person with type O blood is likely to have high titers of anti- antibodies. A and B BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 11 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 B A O Type O individuals, who have neither A or B antigen but have both anti-A and anti- B antibodies, cannot accept blood from any of the other three types. Hypersensitivity is best defined as a(n) altered immunologic response to an antigen that results in disease. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 13 2 / 2 pts What mechanism occurs in Raynaud phenomenon that classifies it as a type III hypersensitivity reaction? Immune complexes are deposited in capillary beds, blocking circulation. Antibodies detect the capillaries as foreign protein and destroy them using lysosomal enzymes and toxic oxygen species. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes attack and destroy the capillaries so that they are unable to perfuse local tissues. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 14 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Mast cells bind to specific endothelial receptors that cause them to degranulate, creating a localized inflammatory reaction that occludes capillary circulation. A form of serum sickness is Raynaud phenomenon, a condition caused by the temperature-dependent deposition of immune complexes in the capillary beds of the peripheral circulation. The effect that low serum albumin has on the central stress response is to impair wound healing. diminish oncotic pressure. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 15 2 / 2 pts BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 impair circulation of epinephrine and norepinephrine. lessen circulation of cortisol. Once released, catecholamines circulate bound to the plasma protein albumin. Low serum albumin would impair circulation of both epinephrine and norepinephrine. Which cytokines initiate the production of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)? BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 adaptation BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 18 0 / 2 pts flight or fight Exhaustion occurs if stress continues and adaptation is not successful, ultimately causing impairment of the immune response, heart failure, and kidney failure, leading to death. Inherited mutations that predispose to cancer are almost invariably what kind of gene? Oncogenes Proto-oncogenes Correct Answer Tumor-suppressor genes Growth-promoting genes BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 19 2 / 2 pts These inherited mutations that predispose to cancer are almost invariably in tumor- suppressor genes. At present there are no data to support the other options as factors related to how inherited mutations cause cancer. Which of the viruses below are oncogenic DNA viruses? Papovaviruses, adenoviruses, and herpesviruses Retroviruses, papovaviruses, and adenoviruses Adenoviruses, herpesviruses, and retroviruses Herpesviruses, retroviruses, and papovaviruses BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 21 2 / 2 pts Cells from a muscle tumor show a reduced ability to form new muscle and appear highly disorganized. This is an example of dysplasia. hyperplasia. myoplasia. anaplasia. Anaplasia is defined as the loss of cellular differentiation, irregularities of the size and shape of the nucleus, and loss of normal tissue structure. In clinical specimens, anaplasia is recognized by a loss of organization and a marked increase in BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 22 2 / 2 pts nuclear size with evidence of ongoing proliferation. The remaining options refer to very specific changes in the cell. What is the role of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), and transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) in cell metastasis? BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 To stimulate growth of nearby tumor cells Question 23 2 / 2 pts To develop new blood vessels to feed cancer cells To prevent cancer cells from escaping apoptosis To act as a chemical gradient to guide cells to blood vessels The angiogenic factors, such as VEGF, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α), and growth factor bFGF, by recruiting new vascular endothelial cells and initiating the proliferation of existing blood vessel cells, allow small cancers to become large cancers. Which of the following cancers originate from connective tissue? BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Women who never had children Question 25 2 / 2 pts Woman who smoked for more than 10 years A recent hypothesis states that the observed increased incidence of such cancers as breast, endometrium, colon, liver, kidney, and adenomas of the esophagus may be associated with obesity. There are no current data to support the remaining options. What percentage of children with cancer can be cured? 70% 60% 50% BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Women who never had children 40% Currently, more than 70% of children diagnosed with cancer are cured. Question 1 0 / 2 pts Symptoms of polycythemia vera are mainly the result of neurologic involvement. destruction of erythrocytes. Correct Answer increased blood viscosity. a decreased erythrocyte count. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Women who never had childrenAs the disease progresses many of the symptoms are related to the increased blood cellularity and viscosity. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 6 to 8 weeks. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 5 2 / 2 pts the rest of one’s life. until the iron level is normal. 8 to 12 months. PA cannot be cured, so maintenance therapy is lifelong. The underlying disorder of anemia is defective secretion of intrinsic factor, which is essential for the absorption of vitamin B12. hypochromic BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 6 0 / 2 pts microcytic pernicious hemolytic PA, the most common type of megaloblastic anemia, is caused by vitamin B12 deficiency. Which anemia produces small, pale erythrocytes? Folic acid Hemolytic BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 The microcytic-hypochromic anemias, which include iron deficiency anemia (IDA), are Question 8 0 / 2 pts asthma, hay fever, and drug reactions, as well as parasitic infections (particularly with metazoal parasites) are often cited as causes. Which of the following is a description consistent with acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)? Correct Answer It is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood. The bone marrow and peripheral blood are characterized by leukocytosis and a predominance of blast cells. As the immature blasts increase, they replace normal myelocytic cells, megakaryocytes, and erythrocytes. The translocation of genetic material from genes 9 and 22 create an abnormal, fused gene identified as BCR-ABL. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 The microcytic-hypochromic anemias, which include iron deficiency anemia (IDA), are There is failure of B cells to mature into plasma cells that synthesize immunoglobulins. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 ALL is a progressive neoplasm defined by the presence of greater than 30% Question 9 0 / 2 pts lymphoblasts in the bone marrow or blood. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is described as a(n) hematologic reaction to heparin in which the bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient platelets to meet the body’s needs. IgE-mediated allergic drug reaction that reduces circulating platelets. Correct Answer IgG immune-mediated adverse drug reaction that reduces circulating platelets. cell-mediated drug reaction in which macrophages process the heparin and platelet complexes that are then destroyed by BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 11 2 / 2 pts Erythroblastosis fetalis is defined as an alloimmune disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible. allergic disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible. autoimmune disease in immature nucleated cells that are released into the bloodstream. autosomal dominant hereditary disease. HDN is an alloimmune disease in which maternal blood and fetal blood are antigenically incompatible, causing the mother’s immune system to produce antibodies against fetal erythrocytes. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 12 2 / 2 pts In a full-term infant, the normal erythrocyte life span is days, whereas the adult is days. 120 to 130; 150 30 to 50; 80 60 to 80; 120 90 to 110; 140 In full-term infants, normal erythrocyte life span is 60 to 80 days; in premature infants it may be as short as 20 to 30 days; and in children and adolescents, it is the same as that in adults BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 13 0 / 2 pts —120 days. The sickle cell trait differs from sickle cell disease in that the child with sickle cell trait BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune process involving antibodies against Correct Answer platelets. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 eosinophil s. Question 16 0 / 2 pts neutrophils. basophils. ITP is a disorder of platelet consumption. G6PD and sickle cell disease are inherited autosomal recessive disorders. inherited X-linked recessive disorders. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 eosinophil s. Question 17 2 / 2 pts diagnosed equally in men and women. Correct Answer disorders initiated by hypoxemia and acidosis. Sickling is an occasional, intermittent phenomenon that can be triggered or sustained by one or more of the following stressors: decreased oxygen tension (PO2) of the blood (i.e., hypoxemia), increased hydrogen ion concentration in the blood (decreased pH), increased plasma osmolality, decreased plasma volume, and low temperature (Figure 28-7). An individual who is demonstrating elevated levels of troponin, creatine kinase (CK), and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) is exhibiting indicators associated with: myocardial infarction (MI). BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 myocardial ischemia. Question 19 2 / 2 pts Low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) A series of chemical reactions in the liver results in the production of several lipoproteins that vary in density and function. These include VLDLs, primarily TG and protein; LDLs, mostly cholesterol and protein; and HDLs, mainly phospholipids and protein. In systolic heart failure, what effect does angiotensin II have on stroke volume? Decreases preload and increases afterload Increases preload and increases afterload Increases preload and decreases afterload BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 myocardial ischemia. Decreases preload and decreases afterload BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 20 0 / 2 pts Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) causes not only increases in preload and afterload but also direct toxicity to the myocardium. Which of the following can trigger an immune response within the bloodstream that can result in an embolus? Correct Answer Amniotic fluid Fat Air Bacteria Amniotic fluid not only displaces blood, reducing oxygen, BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 2 / 2 pts Which heart defect produces a systolic ejection murmur at the right upper sternal border that transmits to the neck and left lower sternal border with an occasional ejection click? Coarctation of the aorta Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Pulmonic stenosis Aortic stenosis A systolic ejection murmur at the right upper sternal border that transmits to the neck and left lower sternal border is produced by blood flow through the stenotic area. An ejection click may be heard with valvular arterial stenosis. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 23 2 / 2 pts Which congenital heart defects occur in trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down syndrome? Ventricular septal defect and patent ductus arteriosus Atrial septal defect and dextrocardia Coarctation of the aorta and pulmonary stenosis Tetralogy of Fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus Congenital heart defects that are related to dysfunction of trisomy 13, trisomy 18, and Down syndrome include ventricular septal defect and patient ductus arteriosus (see Table 31-2). BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 24 0 / 2 pts An infant has a loud, harsh, holosystolic murmur and systolic thrill that can be detected at the left lower sternal border that radiates to the neck. These clinical findings are consistent with which congenital heart defect? Atrioventricular canal (AVC) defect BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) the patient has elevations in aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT). BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen. Question 6 0 / 2 pts heme destruction exceeds the liver’s ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin. Jaundice (icterus) is present when heme destruction exceeds the liver’s ability to conjugate and excrete bilirubin. Clinical manifestations of mild to moderate splenomegaly and hepatomegaly, bronze-colored skin, and cardiac dysrhythmias are indicative of which anemia? Iron deficiency Correct Answer Sideroblastic Aplastic BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 erythrocytes are destroyed in the spleen. Question 8 0 / 2 pts Pernicious Mild to moderate enlargement of the spleen (splenomegaly) and liver (hepatomegaly) occurs. Occasionally, abnormal skin pigmentation (bronze colored) is seen. Heart rhythm disturbances, along with congestive heart failure, are major life-threatening complications related to cardiac iron overload. Which proinflammatory cytokines are responsible for the development and maintenance of DIC? Correct Answer TNF-α; IL-1, IL-6, and IL-8; and PAF Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF); IL-2, IL-4, and IL-10; and IFN-γ Macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF); IL-7, IL-11, and IL- BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 13 0 / 2 pts Question 14 0 / 2 pts or if the fetus is Rh-positive and the mother is Rh-negative. The type of anemia that occurs as a result of thalassemia is macrocytic, hyperchromic. microcytic, normochromic. macrocytic, normochromic. Correct Answer microcytic, hypochromic. The anemic manifestation of thalassemia is microcytic-hypochromic hemolytic anemia. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 What is the name of the disorder in which levels of bilirubin remain excessively high in the newborn and are deposited in the brain? BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Icterus gravis neonatorum Icterus neonatorum Question 17 0 / 2 pts Correct Answer Kernicterus Jaundice Without replacement transfusions, in which the child receives Rh-negative erythrocytes, the bilirubin is deposited in the brain, which is a condition called kernicterus. The pulsus paradoxus that occurs as a result of pericardial effusion is significant because it reflects the impairment of the Correct Answer diastolic filling pressures of the left ventricle and reduction of blood volume in all four heart chambers. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 increasing nitric oxide. causing ischemia of the intima. Question 20 2 / 2 pts obstructing the vessel. Atherosclerosis is a common cause of aneurysms because plaque formation erodes the vessel wall. What alteration occurs in injured endothelial cells that contributes to atherosclerosis? They release toxic oxygen radicals that oxidize low-density lipoproteins (LDLs). They develop a hypersensitivity to homocysteine and lipids. They produce an increased amount of antithrombotic cytokines. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 increasing nitric oxide. causing ischemia of the intima. Question 21 2 / 2 pts They are unable to make the normal amount of vasodilating cytokines. Injured endothelial cells become inflamed and cannot make normal amounts of antithrombotic and vasodilating cytokines. When does most cardiovascular development occur? Between the eighth and 10th weeks of gestation By the 28th day of gestation BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 increasing nitric oxide. causing ischemia of the intima. Between the 12th and 14th weeks of gestation Between the fourth and seventh weeks of gestation BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 4 0 / 2 pts In some anemias, the erythrocytes are present in various sizes, which is referred to as BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 poikilocytosis. microcytosis. isocytosis. Correct Answer anisocytosis. Additional descriptors of erythrocytes associated with some anemias include anisocytosis (assuming various sizes) or poikilocytosis (assuming various shapes) (Figure 26-1). Local signs and symptoms of Hodgkin disease–related lymphadenopathy are a result of obstruction and pressure. Correct Answer pressure and obstruction. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 UnansweredQuestion 8 0 / 2 pts ischemia and pressure. inflammation and ischemia. Local symptoms caused by pressure and obstruction of the lymph nodes are the result of lymphadenopathy. Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is described as a(n) hematologic reaction to heparin in which the bone marrow is unable to produce sufficient platelets to meet the body’s needs. Correct Answer IgG immune-mediated adverse drug reaction that reduces circulating platelets. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Restrictive cardiomyopathy Correct Answer Dilated cardiomyopathy Inflammatory cardiomyopathy BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 UnansweredQuestion 18 0 / 2 pts Individuals infected with HIV and resultant acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) are at risk for numerous cardiac complications. Pericardial effusion and left heart failure are the most common complications of HIV infection. Other conditions include cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, tuberculous pericarditis, infective and nonbacterial endocarditis, heart block, pulmonary hypertension, and non-antiretroviral drug-related cardiotoxicity. Cardiac cells can withstand ischemic conditions and still return to a viable state for how many minutes? 15 25 Correct Answer 20 BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 UnansweredQuestion 20 0 / 2 pts 10 Cardiac cells remain viable for approximately 20 minutes under ischemic conditions. If blood flow is restored, aerobic metabolism resumes, contractility is restored, and cellular repair begins. If the coronary artery occlusion persists beyond 20 minutes, myocardial infarction occurs. Which of the following can trigger an immune response within the bloodstream that can result in an embolus? Correct Answer Amniotic fluid Air Bacteria BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 1 0 / 2 pts ductus closes, these infants deteriorate rapidly from the development of hypotension, acidosis, and shock. When thirst is experienced, how are osmoreceptors activated? By an increase in the antidiuretic hormone secreted into the plasma Correct Answer By an increase in the osmotic pressure of the plasma By an increase in the hydrostatic pressure of the plasma By an increase in aldosterone secreted into the plasma Thirst is experienced when water loss equals 2% of an individual’s body weight or when there is an increase in osmolality. Dry mouth, hyperosmolality, and plasma volume depletion activate osmoreceptors (neurons located in the hypothalamus that are BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 stimulated by increased osmolality). Question 2 BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 2 / 2 pts How does the loss of chloride during vomiting cause metabolic alkalosis? Loss of chloride causes hypoventilation to compensate for the metabolic alkalosis. Loss of chloride causes retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance. Loss of chloride causes hydrogen to move into the cell and exchange with potassium to maintain cation balance. Loss of chloride stimulates the release of aldosterone, which causes the retained sodium to bind with the chloride. When acid loss is caused by vomiting with depletion of ECF and chloride (hypochloremic metabolic alkalosis), renal compensation is not very effective because the volume BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 The ratio between intracellular K+ and extracellular What is a major determinant of the resting membrane potential necessary for transmission of nerve impulses? The ratio between intracellular Na+ and extracellular sodium The ratio between intracellular Na+ and extracellular K+ The ratio between intracellular K+ and extracellular Na+ The ratio of K+ in the ICF to K+ in the ECF is the major determinant of the resting membrane potential, which is necessary for the transmission and conduction of nerve impulses, maintenance of normal cardiac rhythms, and skeletal and smooth muscle contraction. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 5 2 / 2 pts Physiologic pH is maintained around 7.4 because bicarbonate (HCO3) and carbonic acid (H2CO3) exist in a ratio of 1:20. 10:5. 10:2. 20:1. The relationship between bicarbonate and carbonic acid is usually expressed as a ratio. When the pH is 7.40, this ratio is 20:1 (bicarbonate/carbonic acid). BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023 Question 6 2 / 2 pts Water movement between the intracellular fluid compartment and the extracellular compartment is primarily a function of plasma oncotic pressure. BIO MISC ADVANCED PATHOPHYSIOLOGY EXAM QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS BEST RATED A+ GUARANTEED SUCCESS LATEST UPDATE 2023