Introduction to Amino Acid, peptides & proteins, Lecture notes of Biochemistry

Download Introduction to Amino Acid, peptides & proteins and more Lecture notes Biochemistry in PDF only on Docsity! Amino Acids, Peptides and Proteins Amino Acids  Discovery of amino acids:  Definition:  General Structure of Amino Acids:  Classification of Amino acids:  Functions of Amino acids: AMINO ACIDS ® Amino acids are organic solvents. ® Have two functional groups —NH, and -COOH group. ® The amino group is basic while carboxylic group is acidic in nature. ® Soluble in water but insoluble in organic solvents e.g chloroform,acetone,ether, etc. ® All amino acids which make up proteins are L-a- aminoacids. ® All amino acids have chiral carbon, exept Glycine. G en er al S tr u ct u re o f A m in o A ci d s : S tr u ct u re s o f 20 s ta n d ar d A m in o a ci d s: A ci d ic a m in o a ci d s B a si c a m in o a ci d s C la ss if ic at io n o f A m in o a ci d s: Essential amino acids Obtained from Nutrition Synthesized by the body Essential Amino Acids Non-Essential Amino Acid Alanine Glutamine Arginine Glycine Asparagine Proline AspaticAcid Serine Cysteine Tyrosine Glutamic Acid *Leucine Methionine “[soleucine Phenylalanine “valine Threonine Histidne Tryptophan Lysine Amino acid in human body Tryptophan Arginine Valine Histidine ny bg Phenylalanine Phenylalanine DVT TIM H ALK: Threonine / \ Methionine Isoleucine C la ss if ic at io n o f A m in o A ci d s: **Ketone bodies are three water- soluble molecules (acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and acetone) containing the ketone group that are produced by the liver from fatty acids during periods of low food intake (fasting), carbohydrate restrictive diets, starvation, prolonged intense exercise alcoholism or in untreated (or inadequately treated) type I diabetes mellitus.