Muscle Function and Contraction: Role of Calcium Ions and Muscle Types, Exams of Nursing

Download Muscle Function and Contraction: Role of Calcium Ions and Muscle Types and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! BIOD 151 PORTAGE LEARNING Essential Human A & P Module 5 Latest Review Exam Q & A 2024 1. Which muscle is primarily responsible for the abduction of the shoulder? A) Deltoid B) Pectoralis Major C) Latissimus Dorsi D) Trapezius Answer: A) Deltoid Rationale: The deltoid muscle, due to its location and fiber direction, is the primary muscle responsible for shoulder abduction. 2. During a muscle contraction, what happens to the A-band within the sarcomere? A) It shortens. B) It lengthens. C) It remains unchanged. D) It disappears. Answer: C) It remains unchanged. Rationale: The A-band contains the length of the myosin filaments and remains constant during muscle contraction. 3. What is the role of calcium ions (Ca2+) in muscle contractions? A) They bind to myosin, allowing actin filaments to slide. B) They bind to troponin, causing a conformational change in tropomyosin. C) They activate ATPase, which provides energy for muscle contraction. D) They decrease the affinity of actin for myosin, inhibiting contraction. Answer: B) They bind to troponin, causing a conformational change in tropomyosin. Rationale: Calcium ions bind to troponin, which causes tropomyosin to move away from the binding sites on actin filaments, allowing for muscle contraction. 4. Which of the following muscles is involved in the flexion of the elbow? A) Biceps Brachii B) Triceps Brachii C) Brachialis D) Anconeus Answer: A) Biceps Brachii thermogenesis, which is important for maintaining body temperature. 2. Which of the following is true about smooth muscles? A. Smooth muscles are striated in appearance. B. Smooth muscles are under voluntary control. C. Smooth muscles are found in the walls of blood vessels. D. Smooth muscles are only found in skeletal muscles. Answer: C. Smooth muscles are found in the walls of blood vessels. Rationale: Smooth muscles are non-striated and involuntary muscles that are found in the walls of hollow organs such as blood vessels. 3. Which of the following is a function of the muscular system? A. Maintaining balance and posture B. Regulating body temperature C. Producing hormones D. Transporting oxygen to cells Answer: A. Maintaining balance and posture. Rationale: The muscular system plays a critical role in maintaining balance and posture through the contraction and relaxation of muscles. 4. Which muscle is responsible for breathing? A. Biceps brachii B. Diaphragm C. Gluteus maximus D. Gastrocnemius Answer: B. Diaphragm. Rationale: The diaphragm is the primary muscle involved in breathing, contracting and relaxing to help with inhaling and exhaling. 5. Which of the following molecules is responsible for powering muscle contractions? A. Glucose B. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) C. Lactic acid D. Glycogen Answer: B. Adenosine triphosphate (ATP). Rationale: ATP is the primary energy source for muscle contractions, providing the energy needed for muscle fibers to contract. 6. Which muscle is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body? A. Biceps brachii B. Gluteus maximus C. Quadriceps D. Cardiac muscle Answer: D. Cardiac muscle. Rationale: Cardiac muscle is a specialized type of muscle found in the heart that is responsible for pumping blood throughout the body. 7. Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of the nervous system in muscle contractions? A. The nervous system releases hormones that stimulate muscle contractions. B. The nervous system sends electrical signals to muscles to initiate contractions. C. The nervous system primarily regulates muscle growth and repair. D. The nervous system is not involved in muscle contractions. Answer: B. The nervous system sends electrical signals to muscles to initiate contractions. Rationale: The nervous system plays a critical role in muscle contractions by sending signals to muscle fibers to contract. 8. Which of the following factors can affect muscle performance? A. Age B. Gender C. Nutrition D. All of the above Answer: D. All of the above. Rationale: Factors such as age, gender, and nutrition can all play a role in muscle performance and overall muscle function. 9. Which type of muscle is responsible for voluntary movements? A. Cardiac muscle B. Smooth muscle C. Skeletal muscle D. Cardiac muscle Answer: C. Skeletal muscle. Rationale: Skeletal muscle is under voluntary control, allowing for conscious movements of the body. 10. Which of the following is responsible for connecting muscles to bones? A. Ligaments B. Tendons C. Cartilage D. Joints Answer: B. Tendons. Rationale: Tendons are fibrous tissues that connect muscles to bones, allowing for movement and stability in the musculoskeletal system. 11. Which muscle is responsible for flexing the forearm? A. Triceps brachii B. Biceps brachii C. Deltoid D. Pectoralis major Answer: B. Biceps brachii. Rationale: The biceps brachii is a muscle in the upper arm that is responsible for flexing the forearm at the elbow joint. as lifting the knee toward the chest. 19. Which muscle is responsible for rotating the head to the opposite side? A. Sternocleidomastoid B. Trapezius C. Levator scapulae D. Splenius capitis Answer: A. Sternocleidomastoid. Rationale: The sternocleidomastoid is a muscle in the neck that is responsible for rotating the head to the opposite side and flexing the neck. 20. Which muscle is responsible for externally rotating the shoulder? A. Infraspinatus B. Supraspinatus C. Teres minor D. Subscapularis Answer: A. Infraspinatus. Rationale: The infraspinatus is a muscle in the shoulder that is responsible for externally rotating the shoulder joint. 21. Which muscle is responsible for lifting the scapula? A. Trapezius B. Rhomboid C. Levator scapulae D. Deltoid Answer: C. Levator scapulae. Rationale: The levator scapulae is a muscle in the neck and shoulder that is responsible for lifting the scapula, or shoulder blade. 22. Which muscle is responsible for adducting the arm? A. Deltoid B. Pectoralis major C. Latissimus dorsi D. Teres major Answer: B. Pectoralis major. Rationale: The pectoralis major is a large muscle in the chest that is responsible for adducting the arm, bringing it closer to the body. 23. Which muscle is responsible for rotation of the forearm? A. Biceps brachii B. Triceps brachii C. Pronator teres D. Brachialis Answer: C. Pronator teres. Rationale: The pronator teres is a muscle in the forearm that is responsible for rotating the forearm to turn the palm downward. 24. Which muscle is responsible for flexing the knee? A. Gastrocnemius B. Quadriceps C. Hamstrings D. Gluteus maximus Answer: C. Hamstrings. Rationale: The hamstrings are a group of muscles in the back of the thigh that are responsible for flexing the knee joint. 25. Which muscle is responsible for extending the wrist and fingers? A. Flexor digitorum superficialis B. Extensor digitorum C. Flexor carpi radialis D. Palmaris longus Answer: B. Extensor digitorum. Rationale: The extensor digitorum is a muscle in the forearm that is responsible for extending the wrist and fingers. Question: Which type of muscle tissue is striated and under voluntary control? A. Smooth muscle B. Cardiac muscle C. Skeletal muscle D. Visceral muscle Answer: C. Skeletal muscle Rationale: Skeletal muscle is striated and is under voluntary control, allowing conscious movement of the body. Question: Which protein is primarily responsible for muscle contraction? A. Myosin B. Actin C. Troponin D. Tropomyosin Answer: A. Myosin Rationale: Myosin is the protein that interacts with actin to generate the force of muscle contraction. Question: Which of the following is responsible for storing calcium ions in muscle cells? A. T-tubules B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum C. Myofibrils D. Sarcomeres Answer: B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum Rationale: The sarcoplasmic reticulum stores calcium ions and releases them upon stimulation for muscle contraction. Question: Which neurotransmitter is released at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate muscle contraction? A. Dopamine B. Serotonin C. Acetylcholine D. GABA Answer: C. Acetylcholine Rationale: Acetylcholine is the neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle C. Adductor longus D. Hamstring group Answer: C. Adductor longus Rationale: The adductor longus muscle is involved in adducting the thigh at the hip joint. Question: Which muscle is responsible for extending the knee joint? A. Quadriceps femoris B. Hamstring group C. Gastrocnemius D. Soleus Answer: A. Quadriceps femoris Rationale: The quadriceps femoris muscle group is responsible for extending the knee joint. Question: Which muscle is responsible for pronation of the forearm? A. Biceps brachii B. Triceps brachii C. Pronator teres D. Supinator Answer: C. Pronator teres Rationale: The pronator teres muscle is primarily responsible for pronation of the forearm. Question: Which muscle is commonly referred to as the "hamstrings"? A. Biceps femoris B. Rectus femoris C. Vastus lateralis D. Sartorius Answer: A. Biceps femoris Rationale: The biceps femoris muscle is commonly known as the "hamstrings." Question: Which muscle is responsible for flexing the knee joint? A. Gastrocnemius B. Soleus C. Rectus femoris D. Hamstring group Answer: D. Hamstring group Rationale: The hamstring group is responsible for flexing the knee joint. Question: Which muscle is involved in the movement of dorsiflexion at the ankle joint? A. Gastrocnemius B. Soleus C. Tibialis anterior D. Peroneus longus Answer: C. Tibialis anterior Rationale: The tibialis anterior muscle is primarily responsible for dorsiflexion at the ankle joint. Question: Which muscle group is responsible for lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint? A. Gluteus maximus B. Gluteus medius C. Piriformis D. Psoas major Answer: C. Piriformis Rationale: The piriformis muscle is involved in lateral rotation of the thigh at the hip joint. Question: Which muscle is responsible for elevating the mandible during chewing? A. Masseter B. Temporalis C. Sternocleidomastoid D. Digastric Answer: A. Masseter Rationale: The masseter muscle is the primary muscle responsible for elevating the mandible during chewing. Question: Which muscle assists in flexing the thigh at the hip joint and extending the leg at the knee joint? A. Quadriceps femoris B. Hamstring group C. Sartorius D. Rectus femoris Answer: C. Sartorius Rationale: The sartorius muscle assists in flexing the thigh at the hip joint and extending the leg at the knee joint. Question: Which muscle is responsible for protracting the scapula? A. Rhomboid major B. Trapezius C. Pectoralis major D. Serratus anterior Answer: D. Serratus anterior Rationale: The serratus anterior muscle is involved in protracting the scapula. Question: Which muscle is responsible for extending the arm at the elbow joint? A. Biceps brachii B. Triceps brachii C. Brachialis D. Brachioradialis Answer: B. Triceps brachii Rationale: The triceps brachii muscle is responsible for extending the arm at the elbow joint. Question: Which muscle is responsible for rotating the head to the opposite side? A. Sternocleidomastoid B. Splenius capitis C. Semispinalis capitis D. Longissimus capitis Answer: A. Sternocleidomastoid Rationale: The sternocleidomastoid muscle is responsible for rotating the head to the opposite side. Question: Which muscle is responsible for adducting the arm at the shoulder joint? A. Deltoid B. Supraspinatus