BIOD 152 A&P II LAB 7 PORTAGE LEARNING, Exams of Nursing

Download BIOD 152 A&P II LAB 7 PORTAGE LEARNING and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! A&P 2 Lab 7- Reproductive System The human reproduction system is defined as a sexual reproductive system. This means that there are 2 parents (a bi-parental system) and the offspring receives chromosomes from both parents.  The parents produce Gametes which are basically sex cells that meet together to join a fertilized egg (Zygote).  The gametes must have 2 properties: motility and the ability to provide nutrition. o One cell cannot provide both of these characteristics because in order to provide nutrients, the cell must be large and heavy and therefore cannot really be motile.  In the human system we have 2 cells. o The male sex cell is the sperm which is very small and very motile. The sperm is the smallest human sex cell in the body and consists mainly of DNA and some mitochondria in the tail of the sperm. o The egg is the female sex cell which is very large and nutrient heavy. It is the largest human cell and can be seen with the naked eye in some cases.  The reproductive system of the male and female consists of primary and secondary sex organs. o Primary sex organs- Gonads will produce the gametes (sex cells)  Male gonad- Testis.  Female gonad- Ovary o Secondary sex organs- crucial to the reproductive process  Male: consists of a system of ducts and glands along with the penis that allows for storage, survival and conveyance of sperm.  Female system: contains uterus, uterine tubes, and vagina that allows for the uniting of sperm and the egg, and also for the zygote to harbor and develop into a fetus.  Male reproduction system: produces the sperm and introduces them to the female. o Scrotum- pouch that arises from the abdomen and contains the Testis (male gonad)  Testes are an exocrine gland because they produce sex cells which they release from a series of ducts,  Testes are an endocrine gland because they also produce the hormone Testosterone and release it directly into the bloodstream. o o CROSS SECTION OF THE TESTES  There are cells that are specifically designed to produce sperm or testosterone.  Seminiferous Tubules- tightly coiled tubes that are the site of sperm production caused by spermagenic cells.  Interstitial Cells- found in between the seminiferous tubes and produce testosterone  Testosterone- a male sex hormone, a steroid hormone, and it allows for the development of the male reproductive system and it allows for the development of secondary sex characteristics  The female gonad is the Ovary. o CROSS SECTION o OVARY o The ovaries are both endocrine and exocrine glands.  Produces sex cells called the egg/ Ovum (exocrine)  Produces Estrogen (endocrine) o The interior of the ovary consists of structures called Ovarian Follicles.  OVARIAN FOLLICLES- the smaller circles are developing follicles.  Throughout the female reproductive cycle, the follicles will grow and produce a secondary Oocyte (the egg cell) which will be released when a female ovulates. o Also inside the ovary are cells called Granulosa Cells. They produce estrogen. o The presence of estrogen will allow for the development of the female reproductive tract and the secondary sex characteristics (narrowing of the shoulders, broadening of the hips, a higher pitched voice, development of body hair and breast development.  The Fallopian Tubes (A.K.A. uterine tube) It extends from each ovary and travel over to the uterus o o Have 3 sections:  1st section: Infundibulum- there are feathery projections on the infundibulum called fimbria which gather and collect the egg.  2nd section: Ampulla- longest/largest part of the tube  3rd section: Isthmus- part that narrows down into the uterus o Fertilization occurs in the first third of the tube and must occur within 24 hours of ovulation. o Once fertilized, it will travel over a course of 72 hours to the body of the Uterus and will implant itself into the uterine wall. o If that zygote/conceptus runs into any blockage in the tube, an ectopic pregnancy (miscarriage) will happen. o Sometimes, the zygote implants itself into the fallopian tube but the tube cannot provide what is needed for the zygote to grow. If this is not caught soon enough, a woman can hemorrhage and die. UTERUS  A very muscular inverted pear-shaped organ   Has a very thick wall of smooth muscle that allows for labor contractions to occur o Fundus- dome shaped superior portion of the uterus o Body- inside and the largest portion o Cervix- very inferior part is the  Inside the cervix is a structure called the cervical canal which connects the uterus to the vagina.  The internal uterine opening is a superior opening of the cervix that leads to the vagina  The external uterine opening is the most inferior leading to the vagina o Cervical cancer- 80% of this disease in caused by HPV (human papilloma virus) and is tested by a pap smear (cells are scraped from the inner wall of the cervix)  Risk factors: smoking, obesity, early sexual activity, and the use of birth control pill VAGINA  A tube found between the urethra and the rectum.  CROSS SECTION OF THE VAGINA. FETAL PIGS TO IDENTIFY MALE VS. FEMALE: DEVELOPING MALE PENIS AND THE EXTERNAL URETHRAL ORIFICE DEVELOPING SCROTAL SAC URAGENITAL PAPILLA INTERNAL ANATOMY OF THE MALE PIG: SCROTUM TESTES EPYDIDIMUS (surrounds the testes) VAS DEFERENS/ DUCTUS DEFERENS HYLUM (concave area of the kidney) URETER FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM OVARIES SURROUNDED BY THE FALLOPIAN TUBES FALLOPIAN TUBE UTERINE HORNS extend from the ovary to the uterus UTERUS ’ VAGINA URINARY BLADDER URINARY BLADDER SURROUNDED BY THE UMBILICAL ARTERIES URETHRA