Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System, Exams of Biology

Download Anatomy and Physiology of the Female Reproductive System and more Exams Biology in PDF only on Docsity! BIOD152 Anatomy and Physiology question with answer updated Question 1 Not yet graded / 0 pts The Female Reproductive System 1. The female reproductive system includes what internal organs? 2. What is ovulation? How often does it occur? 3. What is the ovarian cycle? 4. What does the ovarian follicle become after ovulation? 5. What is the purpose of the corpus luteum? 6. What are the three sections and three coats of the oviducts? 7. What is the function of the fimbriae? 8. An egg is most often fertilized in what region? 9. Describe the shape and location of the uterus. 10. What are the three layers of the uterus? 11. What is the function of the myometrium? 12. What are the three regions of the uterus? 13. What is the fundus? 14. What is the function of the cervix just prior to ovulation? 15. What are the three layers of the vaginal wall? Your Answer: 1. ovaries, ovaduct, uterus, vagina and vulva 2. ovulation is the release of mature eggs, and it happens every 28 days 3. egg is released from ovarian follicle 4. Corpus luteum 5. helps maintain pregnancy iof egg is fertilized. 6. infundibulum, ampulla, and isthmus and coats: serous coat, middle muscular coat, inner mucosa coat 7. finger-like projections form the oviduct. 8. ampulla 9. uterus is forward between the bladder and rectum, and is shaped like an inverted pear 15. An inner tissue layer, intermediate muscle layer and outer tissue layer Question 2 Not yet graded / 0 pts The Female Reproductive System 16. What is the function of the mucosal lining in the vaginal wall? 17. The is a fat pad located in front of the pubic symphysis and is covered with hair after puberty. 18. The is an outer fold of skin that is located posterior to the mons pubis. 19. The urethral orifice is located the vaginal orifice. 20. Describe the structure of the mammary glands 21. Is milk produced during pregnancy? 22. What is colostrum? 23. What is oogenesis? 24. Describe the steps of oogenesis from primary oogonia to a mature ovum. 25. What is the function of estrogen and progesterone? 26. What are the three phases of the menstrual cycle? 27. What is contained in the menstrual flow? 28. Describe the proliferative phase. 29. Describe the secretory phase. Your Answer: 16. it is folded and can be expanded for giving birth. 17. mons pubis 18. labia majora 19. anterior 20. one to two dozen lobules with ducts for mile secretion. 21. no, needs prolactin 22. yellow-white fluid similar to milk with high protein content. 23. production of eggs in the ovaries. 24. two daughter cells originally divided are primary oocytes, this then undergoes first mitotic division into the secondary oocyte and polar body. secondary oocyte units with sperm to become ovum, with 23 chromosomes. 25. Estrogen is important for menstral cycle and production of eggs. progesterone helps with maintaining pregnancy but does not promote secondary sexual characteristics. 26. the menstraul phase, proliferative phase, and secretory phase. 27. endometrium tissue and blood 28. occurs during days 6-14 as endometrium rebuilds in response to greater estrogen levels. 29. final phase suring days 15-28. corpus luteum secrete progesterone to prep for implantation. 26. 16. The mucosal lining of the vagina lies in folds and can extend which is important when the vagina serves as the birth canal and it also facilitates intercourse. 17. Mons pubis 18. labia majora 19. anterior to 20. A mammary gland contains one to two dozen lobules, each with its own mammary duct. The duct begins at the nipple and divides into numerous other ducts ending in blind sacs called alveoli. In a non-lactating breast, the ducts far outnumber the alveoli since alveoli are made up of cells that can produce milk. 21. Milk is not produced during pregnancy because prolactin is needed for lactation (milk production) to begin. Prolactin is suppressed by estrogen and progesterone. 22. A yellowish-white fluid which has a similar composition to milk but contains a higher concentration of protein 23. Oogenesis is the production of eggs in the ovaries which occurs during development of the fetus in the womb and is complete by the time of birth. 24. Oogonia (Female stem cells), undergo mitotic division into two daughter cells known as primary oocytes. These primary oocytes are covered by follicles, known as primary follicles. This process is completed by birth. The anterior pituitary gland starts to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) when a female reaches puberty. FSH causes a few follicles to mature each month. The primary oocyte in the follicle undergoes its first meiotic division into two daughter cells: the secondary oocyte and the first polar body. If the secondary oocyte is united with a sperm after ovulation the second meiotic division occurs which produces a second polar body and an ovum with 23 chromosomes. 25. Estrogen is important in the production of eggs and the menstrual cycle. It is also responsible for secondary sex characteristics. Progesterone is necessary for the maintenance of pregnancy but does not promote secondary sexual characteristics. 26. the menstrual phase, the proliferative phase, and the secretory phase. 27. detached tissue of the endometrium and blood 28. The proliferative phase occurs during days 6-14 as the endometrium rebuilds in response to increasing estrogen levels. Ovulation of an egg typically occurs in the ovaries on day 14. Ovulation is triggered when the anterior 30. sperm and testosterone production 31. epididymus 32. they would become sterile due to heat. 33. 20 days 34. inguinal canal 35. connection of the vas deferens and the seminal vesicle and provides pathway for sperm 36. cutting the vas deferens. keeping sperm from exiting 37. seminal vesicle, prostate, bulbourethral glands 38. thick fluid containing sperm and accessory gland secretions. 39. prostaglandis works to kill bacteria that may damage sperm 40. secrete thick viscous fluid containing nutrients 41. milky alkaline fluid that heps increase fluid motility. 42. alkaline fluid to neutralize urine acidity. 43. spermatagonia are stem cells that undergo mitotic division. FSH stimulated spermatogonia to undergo cell division, one becoming stem cells and the other spermatids. all 4 become viable gametes. 44. head, midpiece and tail 45. stimulates growth in males, and secondary sex characteristics like broad shoulders, deep voice, increased muscle size, and increased hair. 30. The testes have the function of sperm and testosterone production. Testosterone is a hormone produced by the interstitial cells inside the connective tissues. Each testis has hundreds of lobules and each lobule contains several seminiferous tubules where the site of sperm production takes place. 31. The epididymis 32. If the testes do not descend into the scrotum, gametes may not be produced because sperm production requires an environment cooler than body temperature. 33. Maturation for about 20 days is required for the sperm to gain the ability to swim. 34. inguinal canal 35. The ejaculatory duct connects with the urethra to provide a means for the sperm to exit the body. 54. HCG 55. amnion, placenta, and umbilical cord 46. In sexual reproduction, the offspring inherits half its genes from one parent and the other half from the other parent. Therefore, an offspring has a different combination of genes than either parent. In this way, variation is introduced and maintained. 47. A diploid cell is found throughout the body containing 46 chromosomes. A haploid cell is a gamete cell containing 23 chromosomes. 48. During meiosis, gametes divide to form four gametes each with only half of the chromosomes needed (23). 49. 46 (full number for human development) 50. Sex is also determined by the chromosomes. Males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. Females have two X chromosomes. 51. Follicle cells surrounding the egg 52. Sperm are viable for 3-5 days after ejaculation, depending on the environment, and an egg can survive for up to 24 hours after ovulation. 53. The zygote (fertilized egg) spends about three to four days undergoing mitosis in the oviducts forming the morula and another three to four days undergoing mitosis while unattached in the uterus, forming the blastocyst as the endometrium prepares for implantation. Upon implantation some cells in the blastocyst begin to develop into three layers which become the embryo. By the end of week eight the embryo is considered a fetus. 54. HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) 55. Other cells of the blastocyst form supportive cells for embryonic function: the amnion, placenta and umbilical cord. The amnion forms a sac filled with fluid to cushion and protect the fetus. The placenta is a temporary organ that carries out nutritive, respiratory, excretory and endocrine functions for the embryo. The baby continues to grow in the uterus with nutrition provided by the placenta for nine months until it is time for delivery. The umbilical cord attaches the embryo to the placenta. 56. Ectoderm Question 5 Not yet graded / 0 pts Sexual Reproduction, Pregnancy and Fetal Development 57. The inner endoderm layer forms the .