BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+, Exams of Nursing

Download BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ Which type of blood vessel has the most elastic tissue? a. arteries b. veins c. capillaries d. venules - Correct Answer -a. arteries True/False: Fever is seldom beneficial because it speeds up the cellular metabolic rate and will not allow antigen-antibody reactions to occur. - Correct Answer -False The two intrinsic defense systems have many components. Which of the following cell types is not a contributor to specific immunity a. natural killer cells b. plasma cells c. t-cells d. b-cells - Correct Answer -a. natural killer cells Which of the following is not a sign of inflammation? a. redness b. fever c. swelling d. pain - Correct Answer -b. fever Most pathogens that try to enter your body a. are stopped by surface barriers b. are killed by the humoral immune response c. cause inflammation BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ d. are killed by antimicrobial proteins, phagocytes, and other cells - Correct Answer -a. are stopped by surface barriers Saliva and lacrimal fluids contain this enzyme that destroys bacteria. a. Salivase b. Trypsin c. Amylase d. Lysozome - Correct Answer -d. Lysozome Intrapleural pressure is always a. higher than atmospheric b. higher than intrapulmonary c. negative d. A and C - Correct Answer -c. negative Which of the following is not an event necessary to supply the body with O2and dispose of CO2? a. external respiration b. internal respiration c. blood pH adjustment d. pulmonary ventilation - Correct Answer -c. blood pH adjustment are substances that can trigger the adaptive defense and provoke an immune response. a. interleukins BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ a. they have complement binding sites b. they directly destroy pathogens c. they neutralize pathoens d. they cause agglutination - Correct Answer -b. they directly destroy pathogens One reason we can hold our breath for a long time is: a. excess carbon dioxide can be converted to bicarbonate and excreted by the kidneys b. hemoglobin can be saturated in .25 seconds c. hemoglobin unloads only about 25% of its oxygen in 1 trip through the systemic circulation d. our body can resist changes in blood pH - Correct Answer -c. hemoglobin unloads only about 25% of its oxygen in 1 trip through the systemic circulation When phagocytes leave the capillary wall it is called a. diapedesis b. leukocytosis c. chemotaxis d. margination - Correct Answer -a. diapedesis Surfactant helps to prevent the alveoli from collapsing by a. interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ b. humidifying the air before it enters c. warming the air before it enters d. protecting the surface of alveoli from dehydration and other environmental variations - Correct Answer -a. interfering with the cohesiveness of water molecules, thereby reducing the surface tension of alveolar fluid Which of the following are true about natural killer cells? a. all of these b. they are nonspecific c. they enhance the inflammatory response d. they release perforins - Correct Answer -a. all of these What percent of carbon dioxide is carried by hemoglobin in the blood? a. 20 b. 10 c. 97 d. 70 - Correct Answer -a. 20 Air moves into the lungs because: a. the gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower that the outside pressure as the diaphragm contracts b. the volume of the lungs decreases with inspiration c. contraction of the diaphragm decreases the volume of the pleural cavity d. the internal intercostal muscles decrease the thoracic cavity volume - Correct Answer -a. the gas pressure in the lungs becomes lower that the outside pressure as the diaphragm contracts BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ Which of the following is associated with passive immunity? a. booster shot b. infusion of weakened viruses c. passage of antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus d. long-term immune protection - Correct Answer -c. passage of antibodies from a pregnant mother to her fetus Which of the following would increase hemoglobin's affinity for oxygen? a. decreased temperature b. increased temperature c. increased BPG concentration d. decreased pH - Correct Answer -a. decreased temperature When a localized area exhibits increased capillary filtration, hyperemia, and swelling it is an indication that: a. antigens are present b. fever is developing c. an immune response is underway d. inflammation is occurring - Correct Answer -d. inflammation is occurring Which of the following is not true about monoclonal antibodies? a. they are used in research and clinical testing b. they help provide active immunity c. they bind to a single antigenic determinant d. they are produced by hybridoma cells - Correct Answer -b. they help provide active immunity The relationship between the pressure and volume of gases is given BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ a. T lymphocytes act by ingesting foreign substances b. once a lymphocyte enters the lymphoid tissue, it resides there permanently c. lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue d. lymphoid macrophages secrete antibodies into the blood - Correct Answer -c. lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue Function of the lymphatic system include. a. transport of excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system b. transport of red blood cells to the blood vascular system c. excretion of excess dietary fat d. maintenance of blood pressure in the venous circulation - Correct Answer -a. transport of excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ Which of the following is not true of saliva? a. moistens food and aids in compacting of the bolus b. contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins c. dissolves food chemicals so they can be tested d. cleanses the mouth - Correct Answer -b. contains enzymes that begin the breakdown of proteins You have just eaten french fries, buttered toast, ice cream, and whole milk. Which of the following glands would be active in helping you to digest this food? a. the thyroid gland b. the buccal gland c. the parotid gland d. the pancreas - Correct Answer -d. the pancreas Which of the following is not a function of the small intestine a. absorption b. ingestion c. chemical digestion d. mechanical digestion - Correct Answer -b. ingestion Chemical digestion starts in the a. mouth b. stomach c. small intestine d. pancreas - Correct Answer -a. mouth Bacteria living in the colon a. ferment indigestible carbohydrates b. synthesize vitamins c. release irritating gases BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ d. all of these - Correct Answer -d. all of these All of the following would stimulate pancreatic secretion except: a. CCK b. secretin c. parasympathetic stimulation d. serotonin - Correct Answer -d. serotonin The stomach produces enzymes which will break down: a. proteins b. carbohydrates c. lipids d. all of these - Correct Answer -a. proteins The liver produces chemicals which will help break down : a. proteins b. carbohydrates c. lipids d. all of these - Correct Answer -c. lipids Cholesterol, while it is not an energy molecule, has importance in the body because . a. it enters the glycolytic pathway without being altered b. it is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is the precursor of steroid hormones c. it helps provide essential nutrients to the brain and lungs d. it helps mobilize fats during periods of starvation - Correct Answer -b. it is a stabilizing component of the plasma membranes and is BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ c. failure to ingest all the essential amino acids d. all of these - Correct Answer -b. release of sex hormones The part of cell metabolism that allows energy found in the bonds of glucose to be released in a stepwise manner is: BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ a. glycolysis b. krebs cycle c. electron transport chain d. ATP synthase - Correct Answer -c. electron transport chain The electrons that are carried by NADH and FADH eventually: a. combine with oxygen and form water b. activate sugar molecules for glycolysis c. directly activate ATP synthase d. all of these - Correct Answer -a. combine with oxygen and form water In the second phase of glycolysis: a. glucose is split into two 3-carbon molecules b. glucose is phosphorylated c. glucose is oxidized d. 4 ATP are produced - Correct Answer -a. glucose is split into two 3-carbon molecules Water is essential to the body because it a. is a good solvent b. is reactive c. has a high heat capacity d. all of these - Correct Answer -d. all of these Lipogenesis occurs when a. cellular ATP and glucose levels are low b. the body needs long term energy storage c. cellular ATP and glucose levels are high d. the body needs short term energy storage - Correct Answer -c. cellular ATP and glucose levels are high The most important force in determining the net filtration pressure is BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ the . a. glomerular hydrostatic pressure b. colloid osmotic pressure inside capsular space c. colloid osmotic pressure of glomerular blood d. capsular hydrostatic pressure - Correct Answer -a. glomerular hydrostatic pressure When the body's mean arterial blood pressure rises, the myogenic mechanism of autoregulation will compensate by a. constriction of the afferent arterioles b. constriction of the efferent arterioles c. dilation of the efferent arterioles d. dilation of the afferent arterioles - Correct Answer -a. constriction of the afferent arterioles When NaCl concentration in the filtrate increases, the juxtaglomerular apparatus a. changes the surface area available for filtration b. releases a vasodilating chemical c. releases a vasoconstricting chemical d. releases angiotensin II - Correct Answer -c. releases a vasoconstricting chemical What hormone controls the reabsorption of sodium a. insulin b. PTH c. aldosterone d. ADH - Correct Answer -c. BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ What hormone controls the reabsorption of sodium a. ADH b. PTH c. insulin d. aldosterone - Correct Answer -d. aldosterone What hormone controls the reabsorption of PTH a. aldosterone b. ADH c. PTH d. insulin - Correct Answer -c. PTH The thirst center will signal the pituitary gland to release a. insulin b. PTH c. aldosterone d. ADH - Correct Answer -d. ADH The thirst center is located in the a. cerebellum b. medulla c. pituitary d. hypothalamus - Correct Answer -d. hypothalamus The most plentiful and powerful intracellular buffer system is a. bicarbonate b. protein c. phosphate BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ d. carbonic acid - Correct Answer -b. protein The respiratory system eliminates carbonic acid by a. eliminating carbon dioxide b. secreting bicarbonate ions c. secreting hydrogen ions d. absorbing oxygen - Correct Answer -a. eliminating carbon dioxide Which of the following tow organs function as the most important physiological buffer systems a. the adrenal glands and the testes b. the thyroid gland and the heart c. the lungs and the kidneys d. the stomach and the liver - Correct Answer -c. the lungs and the kidneys The chemical buffering system in the urine is a. ammonia b. hydrochloric acid c. phosphate d. sodium hydroxide - Correct Answer -c. phosphate An increase in carbon dioxide would lead to a a. decreased pH b. slower breathing rate c. increased pH d. slower heart rate - Correct Answer -a. decreased pH Water balance is most closely tied to balance. a. potassium b. sodium c. chloride d. calcium - Correct Answer -b. sodium BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ The most important chemical extracellular buffer in the body is a. phosphate b. renal c. protein d. bicarbonate - Correct Answer -d. bicarbonate What effect would metabolic acidosis have on the respiratory rate? a. increase b. would not change c. decrease - Correct Answer -a. increase The advantage of chemical buffer system is a. they can not be overwhelmed b. they act quickly c. they can eliminate wastes d. all of these - Correct Answer -b. they act quickly One way the kidneys maintain bicarbonate balance is by a. generating sodium ions b. reabsorbing carbon dioxide c. reabsorbing hydrogen ions d. generating new bicarbonate - Correct Answer -d. generating new bicarbonate Someone who is suffocating would develop a. respiratory alkalosis b. respiratory acidosis c. metabolic acidosis BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ a. sympathetic b. excitatory c. voluntary d. parasympathetic - Correct Answer -d. parasympathetic In which uterine phase does the functional layer of the endometrium start to rebuild a. menstrual b. proliferative c. secretory d. post-ovulatory - Correct Answer -b. proliferative Estrogen and progesterone maintain the integrity of the uterine lining and prepare the mammary glands to secrete milk. Which of the following structures makes this possible during the first two months of pregnancy? a. the amnion b. corpus luteum c. corona radiata d. the chorion - Correct Answer -b. corpus luteum The correct sequence of preembryonic structures is a. morula, zygote, blastocyst b. zygote, morula, blastocyst c. zygote, blastocyst, morula d. blastocyst, morula, zygote - Correct Answer -b. zygote, morula, blastocyst Neural tissue is formed by the a. epiderm b. mesoderm c. ectoderm d. endoderm - Correct Answer -c. ectoderm BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ The trophoblast is mostly responsible for forming the . a. lining of the endometrium b. placental tissue c. archenteron d. allantois - Correct Answer -b. placental tissue Which hormone is responsible for the increase in maternal metabolism? a. human placental lactogen b. human chorionic thyrotropin c. human chorionic gonadotropin d. human chorionic somatomammatropin - Correct Answer -b. human chorionic thyrotropin Which hormone produced by the placenta causes the mother's pubic symphysis to loosen and widen? a. relaxin b. hCg c. estrogen d. progesterone - Correct Answer -a. relaxin Which of the following is not a common metabolic/physiological change that occurs in pregnant women? a. lower blood pressure b. glucose sparing c. increased urine production d. increased tidal volume - Correct Answer -a. lower blood pressure The events of puberty are cause by BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ a. an increase in gonadal hormones b. reaching the age of 13 c. a decrease in gonadal hormones d. an increase in pituitary hormones - Correct Answer -a. an increase in gonadal hormones Which of the following is not a result of the estrogen surge in females during puberty? a. increased fat deposit in hips and breasts b. axillary and pubic hair growth c. deepening of the voice d. widening of the pelvis - Correct Answer -c. deepening of the voice The hormone involved in the positive feedback cycle that causes labor contractions is a. surfactant protein A b. progesterone c. oxytocin d. cortisol - Correct Answer -c. oxytocin Virtually all of the protein or amino acid-based hormones exert their effects through intracellular . a. ions b. deactivators c. second messengers d. nucleotides - Correct Answer -c. second messengers Chemical Substances secreted by cells into the extracellular fluids that regulate the metabolic function of other cells in the body are BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ c. fibrin d. fibrinogen - Correct Answer -b. albumin This type of leukocyte produces antibodies a. neutrophil b. eosinophil c. monocyte d. lymphocyte - Correct Answer -d. lymphocyte Which of the following is not a phase of erythropoiesis a. synthesis of hemoglobin b. production of vacuoles c. ejection of the erythrocyte nucleus d. production of ribosomes - Correct Answer -b. production of vacuoles Red blood cells contain % hemoglobin a. 50 b. 82 c. 97 d. 100 - Correct Answer -c. 97 Which of the following is not a function of blood a. controlling endocrine glands b. transporting oxygen c. distributing heat d. producing antibodies - Correct Answer -a. controlling endocrine glands What organ in the body regulates erythropoeisis? a. brain b. kidney c. pancreas d. liver - Correct Answer -b. kidney BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ Which of the following is not a phase of hemostasis? a. vascular spasm b. fibrinolysis c. coagulation d. platelet plug formation - Correct Answer -b. fibrinolysis The first phase of erythrocyte production is a. hemoglobin synthesis b. ejection of the nucleus c. ribosome synthesis d. reticulocyte formation - Correct Answer -c. ribosome synthesis All blood cells develop from a. hemocytoblasts b. ejection of the nucleus c. myeloid stem cells d. lymphoid stem cells - Correct Answer -a. hemocytoblasts Which of the following cells could develop from a lymphoid stem cell? BIOL 256 FINAL EXAM 2 QUESTIONS WITH CORRECT ANSWERS 2022/2023 ASSUARED SUCCESS A+ a. lymphocyte b. erythrocyte c. monocyte d. any blood cell - Correct Answer -a. lymphocyte The life span of a red blood cell is about a. 4 days b. 4 weeks c. 4 months d. 4 years - Correct Answer -c. 4 months After hemoglobin is broken down, what part of it enters the liver and becomes bile, which helps us digest food? a. globin b. bilirubin c. heme d. ferritin - Correct Answer -b. bilirubin Which of the following structural characteristics contribute to the function of red blood cells a. bi-concave shape b. they contain mostly hemoglobin c. spectrin in their plasma membrane d. all of the above - Correct Answer -d. all of the above If the vagal nerves to the heart were cut, the result would be that . a. the AV node would become the pacemaker of the heart b. the heart rate would increase