Biological Bases of Behavior - Introduction to Psychology - Notes | PSYC 101, Study notes of Psychology

Download Biological Bases of Behavior - Introduction to Psychology - Notes | PSYC 101 and more Study notes Psychology in PDF only on Docsity! Biological Bases of Behavior What do neurons look like? | ¢ These are the basic parts... What do neurons do? Collect inputs on their If sufficient input then produce an Send action potential down where it can influence other process with effects (like a battery) Neurons die and Neurons in the News • ___________ – The production of new  neurons from immature  stem cells. • ___________ cells – Immature cells that renew  themselves and have the  potential to develop into  mature cells. How do neurons communicate? The ___________ : The axon of one neuron connects with the dendrites of the next: How do communicate? are chemical junctions between neurons. How do work? How do Action potential comes down Action potential arrives at Causes is released Into cleft absorbed on work? ___________ • First identified ___________ • Involved in: – ___________ control  – ___________ • Disorders implicated in: – ___________ disease (dementia of aged) – ___________ loss – ___________(poison – black widow spider) Drugs affecting ___________ • ___________  • Promotes release of acetylcholine, can cause paralysis & death • ___________ toxin – Poisonous agent produced by bacteria – Blocks release of acetylcholine – Reduces breathing rate, can cause death • ___________ – Binds to and activates cholinergic receptors • ___________ – Blocks cholinergic receptors – Quick acting, quickly cleared from the body ___________ • Involved in: – ___________ – ___________ – Reward – ___________ control – ___________ • Disorders implicated in: – ___________ disease  (mainly motor but also  emotional blunting) – ___________ disease – ___________(cognitive  confusion) – ___________ ___________  (Gamma‐aminobutyric acid) • Major ___________ neurotransmitter in the  brain • Involved in ___________ disorders • Drugs that affect: – ___________(major tranquilizers) – ___________(minor tranquilizers) – ___________(Gamma hydroxybutyrate) – ___________ Structure of the Nervous System — Brain — Spinal Cord Nervous System ¢ Sympathetic NS ¢ Parasympathetic NS Nervous System Cord Midbrain Cerebral fs hemisphere ¢ Thalamus Hypothalamus Pituitary } : Cerebellum Pons ve Spinal cord Cortex: | Cortex: II ss WWNS Saggital Section Cerebral cortex Corpus callosum Limbic system Medulla Brain stem Cerebellum Phineas Gage ¢ Took two years to recover ¢ Changed personality ¢ “Gage was no longer Gage” (Doctor) * Dogs with “cut brains” were calmer (late 1890's) ¢ 1930's: lobes are severed using a variety of Results Patients generally calmer, less Patients have difficulty things, planning, or following through on activities Suggests functions of ___ lobe Many patients have rather extensive brain damage (more than was purposeful)...  Stimulus in right half of visual field Stimulus in ’ left half of Lo visual field ixation point Left eye if 3 Right eye Left. hemisphere (Control of tight hand) Right hemisphere (Control of left hand) Severed Optic corpus, nerves callosum information delivered to right visual processing area Information delivered toleft visual processing area © 2007 Thomson Higher Education Two Hemispheres — Split Brains left visual field Right visual field The Two Hemispheres:  Allies or Opposites? • Research on split brain patients show us: – Nearly all right‐handed and the majority of left‐handed  individuals process ___________ mainly in the  ___________ hemisphere. – Many researchers believe in ___________ dominance. – Others insist ___________ important for spatial visual  problem solving, comprehending non‐verbal sounds,  and some language abilities. Autonomic Nervous System Parasympathetic Sympathetic Const : i i / in tet iw Dilates pupil ag Stimulates | Innis tear \4 tear lanes. | 7 Increases / | 4 Inhibits \ t _ . - | sweating ws poe’ WA Constricts | > : Dilates bronchi Oe bronchi }) = - \ | ho Slows heart A : seztrtss \_ g — —* | \ _ it es feases ——#)}8 | ce woe fe = — — stomac stomac| and 2 pancreas ational Le “a : estive | | eS | ] I Spinal Inhibits: i oe bladder 4 i contraction Shan thetic | Sandia sit sim sex organs ky in males ANS - Sympathetic Spinal Eye Cord Oral/Nasal Mucosa Salivary Glands Trachea/ Bronchi Liver Abdominal blood vessels Pancreas Adrenal medulla Sriall imestine Large intestine Kidney Bladder and Genitals 7 \ i * Fight or Flight ANS - Parasympathetic Oral/Nasal Mucosa Salivary Glands Trachea} Bronchi Liver Abdominal blood vessels Pancreas Adrenal medulla Small intestine Large intestine Unlocking the Secrets of Genes — structures within cells that carry genes. — functional units of heredity which are composed of and specify the structure of proteins. ( acid) — transfers characteristics by way of coded instructions for the structure of proteins. Deer temeter ne) Tur PRD eM AHCI ___________ • Each human has  ___________ of  chromosomes – ___________  – Sex chromosomes (X & Y) • Differences in  ___________  – Can have too many or too  few chromosomes – E.g., Down’s Syndrome Evolution: Selection ¢ Individuals with genetically influenced traits that are adaptive in a particular environment: — tend to >and —to in greater numbers. — Asa result, their traits become more __ inthe population. Natural Selection: Misconceptions Now that's what I'm talking about! Chainsaw! Chainsaw! CHAINSAW! Adaptation doesn't involve trying. Natural selection does not grant organisms what they "need". Natural Selection: Fitness A La Darwin's Finches Buds Fruit ADAPTIVE RADIATION - a 7 — 7 Insects = . a. Grubs 7% ae | _-o f > Tool Using Finch