BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest, Exams of Nursing

Download BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ CHAPTER 1: An Invitation to Social Psychology MULTIPLE CHOICE  In the United States, a large luxury sedan is marketed by the slogan, “Feel good about yourself. Drive a Lexmark.” According to broad generalizations surrounding the individualist-collectivist distinction, why might this slogan be less successful in Japan? a. because people in Japan already have extremely high levels of self-esteem b. because people in Japan do not have a strong need to feel good about themselves c. because people in Japan are less materialistic than Americans d. because people in Japan prefer smaller, more intimate cars ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different OBJ: Applied  Social psychologists differ from personality psychologists because social psychologists tend to a. rely primarily on correlational research. b. argue that genetics do not exert causal effects on social behavior. c. examine the influence of situations on behaviors. d. stress individual differences in behavior. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Characterizing Social BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ Psychology OBJ: Factual  Which of the following is LEAST characteristic of the goals of social psychology? a. understanding how people in different cultures think, feel, and behave b. understanding how people control each others’ behaviors c. evaluating the accuracy of folk theories about how situations influence behavior d. understanding how personality traits predispose people to respond to social situations ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ: Conceptual  Jacquie and Karen are both interested in the topic of divorce. Jacquie is a social psychologist and Karen is a sociologist. Compared to Karen, which of the following questions is Jacquie most likely to ask? a. Do different divorce laws influence divorce rates? b. Are divorce rates higher among people who are more educated? c. Why does infidelity lead to divorce? d. Is divorce more prevalent in Northern states relative to Southern states? ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ: Conceptual  Which of the following phenomena best illustrates the relationship BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ d. 60 percent of participants delivered a 450-volt shock to the “learner.” ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ: Factual  Which of the following concepts is most relevant to people who want to get someone to act on his o r her intentions? a. channel factors c. tension systems b. the fundamental attribution error d. naturalistic fallacy ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ: Conceptual  psychology stresses the fact that objects are perceived by active, usually unconscious, interpretations of what the object represents as a whole. a. Behavioral c. Cognitive b. Gestalt d. Personality ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Role of Construal OBJ: Factual  The term construal refers to BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ a. an expectation about how group members should behave. b. a personal interpretation about situations and other people’s behaviors. c. perceiving situations by means of an automatic registering device. d. generalized knowledge about the physical and social world. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: The Role of Construal OBJ: Factual  Schemas are important because they a. are elaborate stores of systematized knowledge. b. guide our expectations for a wide range of situations. c. influence our judgments. d. All of the above are true. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: The Role of Construal OBJ: Factual  Pro–affirmative action advocates try to activate schemas related to , whereas anti–affirmative action advocates try to activate schemas related to . a. fairness; diversity. c. African Americans; Caucasians. b. diversity; fairness. d. Caucasians; African Americans. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: The Role of Construal OBJ: Factual BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ a. schema. b. channel factor. c. attribution. d. theory of mind. ANS: A OBJ: Conceptual DIF: Easy REF: The Role of Construal  The mind processes information in two different ways when you encounter a social situation. Autom atic processing is often based on , whereas controlled processing is ofte n based on . a. careful thought; emotional factors. b. emotional factors; careful thought. c. dispositional factors; situational factors d. situational factors; dispositional factors. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Automatic versus Controlled Processing BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ OBJ: Factual  Studies that show that unprejudiced people can still show negative implicit attitudes toward people o f different races highlight the importance of distinguishing between a. conscious and unconscious processing. b. unconscious and automatic processing. c. conscious and explicit processing. d. stereotypes and schemas. ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Automatic versus Controlled Processing OBJ: Conceptual  The main difference between unconscious processes and controlled processes is that unconscious processes a. are more accurate. b. run only serially. c. are more likely to influence behavior. d. can operate in parallel. ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Automatic versus Controlled Processing OBJ: Factual  Research conducted by Bargh, Chen, and Burrows (1996) illustrates how BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ seemingly trivial aspects of a situation can influence behavior in ways that people are not aware of. These researchers showed that a. people will walk more slowly after hearing words related to the elderly (for example, “cane,” “Florida”) than words unrelated to the elderly. b. when people encounter novel stimuli with their arm extended away from their body, their attitudes toward these stimuli tend to be more favorable than when their arm is flexed (be nt back toward the shoulder). c. people are more cooperative when they play “The Wall Street Game” than the “Community Game.” d. people process different facial features in parallel. ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Automatic versus Controlled Processing OBJ: Factual  You are driving home from school, and suddenly you realize that you haven’t noticed anything you’ve driven past for the last few minutes. Which type of unconscious processing is this? a. Explicit processing. b. Generating beliefs without being aware of the cognitive processes involved. c. Schema-based processing. d. Skill acquisition. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ REF: Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same OBJ: Factual  The text describes a study in which children were shown a candy box with the lid closed. The researc her asked them to predict what was in the box. Naturally, the children said, “Candy.” Next, the resear cher showed the children that, in reality, there were pencils in the box. Finally, the researcher asked th e children to predict what a friend will say is in the box. tend to say . a. Normal 4-year-olds; “pencils.” b. Normal 4-year-olds; “candy.” c. Autistic 4-year-olds; “candy.” d. Autistic 4-year-olds; nothing, because they have not acquired language. ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same OBJ: Factual  According to evolutionary theory, males put investment in their offspring than females because males . a. less; have more opportunities to produce offspring. b. more; have fewer opportunities to produce offspring. c. less; are more likely to die before their offspring reach maturity. d. more; are less likely to die before their offspring each maturity. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same OBJ: Factual  One of the most commonly used social neuroscience techniques is known as functional magnetic r esonance imaging. This technique detectsto determine which parts of the brain are active during certain activities. a. electrical activity c. blood flow b. radio active isotopes d. neurotransmitter levels ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same OBJ: Factual BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+  Why is Social Darwinism a distorted application of Darwin’s theory? a. It assumes that some groups of people are more deserving of survival than others. b. It assumes that many characteristics that people share are the result of natural selection. c. It assumes that some groups of people are stronger than others. d. It assumes that many human behaviors and institutions are universal. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same OBJ: Conceptual  Which of the following statements is NOT consistent with the evolutionary perspective? a. People share many practices and institutions with animals, especially higher primates. b. Behavioral propensities are subject to selection pressures. c. Physical characteristics are subject to selection pressures. d. What we are biologically predisposed to do is what we inevitably will do. ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same OBJ: Conceptual  Theory of mind is important for group living because it a. is necessary for language acquisition. b. can treat autism. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+  Which of the following is a fundamental difference between individualist and collectivist cultures? a. Independent cultures tend to value status and success, whereas collectivist cultures do not. b. Independent cultures have few social norms, whereas collectivist cultures do. c. Independent cultures tend to view relationships with other people as voluntary, whereas collectivists do not. d. Independent cultures tend to emphasize hierarchical relationships with others, whereas collectivist cultures do not. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different OBJ: Conceptual  Which statement is most consistent with the beliefs of an individualist culture? a. Eat, drink, and be merry. b. Live by the sword, die by the sword. c. Different strokes for different folks. d. The nail that stands out gets pounded down. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different OBJ: Conceptual  Pat has listed ten things that describes who he is. The first three are, “I am BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ a son,” “I am fun when I am with my friends,” and “I am a manager.” Pat is most likely part of an culture. a. evolutionary c. interdependent b. independent d. universal ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different OBJ: Applied  Social psychology can be defined as the study of the of individuals in social situations. a. intuitive; behaviors b. scientific; behaviors c. scientific; feelings, thoughts, and behaviors d. behavioral; thoughts and feelings ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ: Factual  Which of the following Supreme Court rulings was heavily influenced by social psychological research? a. Roe v. Wade c. Marbury v. Madison b. Brown v. Board of Education d. Miranda v. Arizona BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ: Factual  “Absence makes the heart grow fonder” and “out of sight, out of mind” are both common sayings. A(n) is most likely to conduct an experiment to identify the conditions or situations under which each of these assertions is accurate. a. personality psychologist c. sociologist b. social psychologist d. anthropologist ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ: Factual  Sandra thinks that smiling a lot during a job interview increases a person’s chances of getting a job off er. The main difference between Sandra’s folk theory and social psychological theories is that social ps ychological theories are a. always more complicated. c. based on logic. b. almost always counterintuitive. d. put to the test. ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ: Factual  According to social psychologists, which of the following conditions is BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ c. When you slip and fall down at a shopping mall, you think to yourself, “I was born clumsy!” d. When someone talks loudly to his or her friend on the bus, you think to yourself, “This person might be talking to someone who has a hearing problem.” ANS: D DIF: Difficult REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ: Applied BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+  The president of a fraternity wants to increase the number of fraternity members who volunteer fo r nonprofit organizations in the community. Kurt Lewin’s concept of channel factors suggests the president should a. induce guilt among members who are not currently volunteering. b. provide information about when and how members might volunteer. c. offer a prize to the member who volunteers the most hours. d. ask members to publicly commit to a particular volunteering opportunity. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ: Applied  A reader for American schoolchildren from the 1930s shows a little boy running, whereas a reader for Chinese children from the same time period shows a boy with his brother. According to the textbook, what cultural difference does this highlight? a. Individualistic cultures place a higher value on self-esteem than collectivistic cultures. b. Individualistic cultures emphasize action, whereas collectivistic cultures emphasize relationships. c. Individualistic cultures emphasize active relationships, whereas collectivistic cultures emphasize passive relationships. d. This example does not relate to any consistent cultural difference. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different OBJ: Conceptual TRUE/FALSE BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same OBJ: Factual 9. The theory of parental investment predicts that males will invest large quantities of energy after copulation in the rearing of offspring. ANS: F DIF: Difficult REF: Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same OBJ: Applied 10. Personal uniqueness is an important aspect of self-definition among people living in interdependent cultures. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ ANS: F DIF: Difficult REF: Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different OBJ: Conceptual SHORT ANSWER 1. Define social psychology and explain how this field differs from the fields of personality psychology and sociology. ANS: Answers will vary DIF: Medium REF: Characterizing Social Psychology OBJ: Factual 2. What is a channel factor? How is this concept relevant to health-care usage? ANS: Answers will vary DIF: Medium REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ: Conceptual 3. Explain Kurt Lewin’s concept of the field of forces. Discuss how this BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ concept is relevant to the goals of social psychology. ANS: Answers will vary DIF: Difficult REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ: Conceptual 4. While you are having dinner at a restaurant, your waiter is rude and makes snide comments. What wo uld the fundamental attribution error predict about the cause to which you will attribute the waiter’s be havior? Why would you be likely to make this error? ANS: Answers will vary DIF: Difficult REF: The Power of the Situation OBJ: Conceptual 5. What is a construal? Describe two different ways in which a person might construe the same situation. ANS: Answers will vary BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ DIF: Difficult REF: Evolution and Human Behavior: How We Are the Same OBJ: Applied 10. Summarize the differences between interdependent and independent cultures. ANS: Answers will vary DIF: Difficult REF: Culture and Human Behavior: How We Are Different OBJ: Factual CHAPTER 2: The Methods of Social Psychology MULTIPLE CHOICE  All of the following are examples of resources used in archival research EXCEPT a. police reports. c. firsthand observations of behavior. b. newspaper articles. d. databases. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Factual BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+  Interviews and written questionnaires are parts of which type of research method? a. observation c. experiment b. correlation d. survey ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Factual  A social psychologist finds a relationship between lower socioeconomic status and the likelihood of being divorced. This study most likely describes which type of research method? a. observational c. experimental b. archival d. correlational ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Factual BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+  A study that is conducted over a long period of time with the same population is known as a(n) . a. observational study. c. cross-sectional study. b. longitudinal study. d. mixed design study. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Factual  Experiments are different from other research methods in that they encompass which of the following components? a. control group b. independent variable c. random assignment d. All of the above choices are components of experiments. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Factual  The independent variable in an experiment is the variable that is a. manipulated and is hypothesized to be the cause of a particular outcome. b. the variable that is measured. c. compared with the experimental condition. d. an indication of the degree of the relationship between two variables. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Factual  Which of the following best describes a research study that randomly assigns people to different co nditions and carefully controls all of the other circumstances so that they will be the same or very si milar between the two conditions? a. experiment c. survey b. correlation d. observation ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Factual  When random sampling is used, it means that a. people are selected based on a specific trait. b. every member of a population has an equal chance of being selected. c. some members of a population are more likely than others to be selected. d. all members of the population are sampled. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Applied  Which of the following is the best example of observational research? a. living with a group of people and observing their behavior BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ b. reviewing historical records to find trends in behavior patterns c. examining the relationship between two variables d. randomly assigning people to different situational conditions and observing their behavior ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Applied  Which of the following would be an example of random sampling in a survey designed to learn more about college students? BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ a. asking students to fill out a survey in a campus magazine and then mail it to the investigators b. tossing a coin to determine who will be surveyed from a list of all students enrolled c. surveying all customers who visit a particular coffee shop on campus d. All of the above choices are examples of random sampling. ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Applied  What is one of the most important differences between correlational and experimental research designs? a. Experiments measure the degree of the relationship between two variables. b. Correlations only examine one variable. c. Experiments use random assignment. d. It is impossible to determine cause by doing an experiment. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Conceptual  Which of the following correlations indicates the lowest degree of relationship between two variables? a.1.0 c. 0.6 b. 0.8 d. 0.2 BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ phobias. In this experiment, the galvanic skin response functions as . a. an independent variable. c. a control group. b. a dependent variable. d. random assignment. ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Applied  The textbook describes an experiment by Darley and Batson (1973) that looked at willingness to help i n seminary students. In one condition, participants were made to hurry from one building to another by being told that they were late for the experiment. In the other condition, participants were only told to go over to another building in order to start the experiment. Both groups encountered a person lying on the ground on their way to the other building. The experimenter observed the participants from both gr oups and counted the number of people who stopped to check on the person lying on the ground. It wa s found that the participants who were in a hurry stopped much less frequently than the participants wh o were not in a hurry. In this experiment, what was the dependent variable? a. being made to hurry from one building to another b. the person lying on the ground c. the number of people stopping to check on the person lying on the ground d. going from one building to another ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: How Do Social Psychologists BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ Test Ideas? OBJ: Applied  The problem with self-selection in research is that a. people often choose the experimental condition in which they want to participate. b. people often overestimate their own contributions to the research. c. it makes causal interpretations difficult. d. it violates ethical guidelines. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Applied  A study shows that people who watch the local evening news believe the world is more dangerous than do people who do not watch the evening news. On the basis of this study, a newspaper reporter conclu des that watching the evening news leads people to believe the world is more dangerous than it actuall y is. This is a flawed conclusion because a. the reporter has a bias because he works for the newspaper. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ b. it confuses a correlational relationship with a causal relationship. c. it fails to compare evening news viewers with newspaper readers. d. one study does not provide enough evidence to make this type of conclusion. ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Applied  A biased sample would most likely result in which of the following? a. invalid conclusions based on the survey results b. a violation of ethical principles in research c. a valid interpretation of the data d. too large a sample size ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Conceptual  Social psychologists will often run pilot studies that are very similar to actual experiments that they i ntend to run later but that differ in that participants are used as consultants to check that the experim ent instructions are understandable, that the scenarios are believable, and so forth. Running a pilot st udy such as this particularly helps to increase the of an experiment. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ d. usually result in statistically significant results. ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Some Other Useful Concepts for Understanding Research OB J: Conceptual  High school seniors are given a test that is supposed to predict scholastic performance during the firs t year of college. When the test results are compared with the students’ actual first-year performance, there is no correlation between the test scores and performance. This is an example of poor . a. statistical significance c. measurement validity b. reliability d. internal validity ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Some Other Useful Concepts for Understanding Research OB J: Conceptual  A statistically significant result depends on which two factors? a. the size of the difference between groups and validity of the experiment b. the size of the difference between groups and the number of cases it is based on c. the validity of the experiment and the number of cases it is based on d. the validity of the experiment and the number of dependent variables the study BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ used ANS: B DIF: Difficult REF: Some Other Useful Concepts for Understanding Research OB J: Conceptual  An intervention is a. a debriefing review conducted at the conclusion of an experiment. b. a punishment delivered to a person. c. an effort to change a person’s behavior. d. a measure taken by psychologists to minimize bias in study results. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Basic and Applied Research OBJ: Factual  A group of social psychologists are working on a research project with the aim of promoting condom use as a way to prevent the spread of sexually transmitted diseases. This type of research project is pr obably best described as a. basic science. c. pseudo-science. b. applied science. d. hard science. ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Basic and Applied Research OBJ: Applied BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+  Research in basic science aims to a. solve real-world problems. b. understand simple questions in science. c. solve difficult questions in science. d. understand a phenomenon in its own right without concern with real-world issues. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Basic and Applied Research OBJ: Conceptual BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ anything about what the experiment involved until after it was finished. The failure to inform this person about the experiment violates wh ich ethical principle in research? a. institutional review board c. deception research b. informed consent d. debriefing ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Ethical Concerns in Social Psychology OBJ: Applied  It is very common for magazines to conduct surveys in which readers voluntarily fill out survey cards and mail the cards to the publisher. The main problem with conducting a survey in this manner is that . a. some of these surveys will be lost by the postal service. b. people are not truthful when filling out anonymous surveys. c. mail-in surveys are generally not as effective as surveys conducted over the Internet. d. people who respond to the survey are likely to be different from those who do not respond. ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Conceptual  Experiments are the best research method for finding causal relationships between variables because they incorporate and into their design. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ a. control groups; self-selection b. control groups; random assignment c. external validity; dependent variables d. independent variables; informed consent ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Conceptual  Random assignment is an important aspect of experiments because it a. allows for more statistically significant results. b. is consistent with institutional review board policies. c. ensures fairness because everyone has an equal chance for selection. d. cancels out individual differences and reduces selection biases between groups. ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Conceptual  If a research group plans to conduct a survey poll about an upcoming presidential election in the United States, what is the minimum percentage of all likely voters that will be needed to obtain a n accurate estimation of voter opinion, assuming that a random sample is obtained? a. 2 percent c. 50 percent b. 20 percent d. 80 percent BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ ANS: A DIF: Difficult REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Conceptual BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ Understanding Research OB J: Factual  When there is a high correlation between a measurement instrument and the outcomes that th e instrument is supposed to predict, then this instrument is said to be high in _. a. measurement validity c. reliability b. internal validity d. statistical significance ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Some Other Useful Concepts for Understanding Research OB J: Factual BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+  If a social psychology experiment is conducted that has very little relation to real-life experience or situations, then this experiment would be said to be low in . a. external validity c. reliability b. internal validity d. statistical significance ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Some Other Useful Concepts for Understanding Research OB J: Conceptual  When an experiment has poor internal validity, which of the following might be of concern? a. The results of the experiment may not relate to real-world situations. b. It might be difficult to determine if the independent variable was what produced the result. c. The observed results may not be statistically significant. d. The results may not be practically significant. ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Some Other Useful Concepts for Understanding Research OB J: Conceptual  Debriefing participants after an experiment is completed is always an important step in the e xperimental procedure. However, BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ debriefing is particularly important when . a. deception is used. b. an institutional review board has not reviewed the study. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ 7. An experimental research study is the best way to establish a causal effect of one variable on another variable. ANS: T DIF: Medium REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Conceptual 8. A field experiment is one of the best ways to ensure having good external validity in a research study. ANS: T DIF: Easy REF: Some Other Useful Concepts for Understanding Research BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ OBJ: Conceptual 9. A research study does not need to be submitted to an institutional review board as long as the study does not use deception as part of the study design. ANS: F DIF: Medium REF: Ethical Concerns in Social Psychology OBJ: Applied 10. Using deception in social psychology experiments is never allowed because it violates the basic tenet s of providing informed consent to participants. ANS: F DIF: Difficult REF: Ethical Concerns in Social Psychology OBJ: Applied SHORT ANSWER 1. What are the differences between a natural experiment and an experiment conducted in the laboratory? Describe the advantages and disadvantages of each. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ ANS: Answers will vary DIF: Easy REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Applied 2. Describe the following research methods in social psychology: observational, archival, and survey. What are the advantages and disadvantages of each method? ANS: Answers will vary DIF: Easy REF: How Do Social Psychologists Test Ideas? OBJ: Applied 3. What is the goal of correlational research? What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of this type research? ANS: Answers will vary BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ DIF: Medium REF: Some Other Useful Concepts for Understanding Resear ch OBJ: Applied 8. What does it mean when there is a statistically significant relationship between two variables? ANS: Answers will vary DIF: Difficult REF: Some Other Useful Concepts for Understanding Resear ch OBJ: Applied 9. Describe the types of concerns that an investigator might have about conducting a study with p oor external validity. ANS: Answers will vary DIF: Medium REF: Some Other Useful Concepts for Understanding Resear ch OBJ: Conceptual 10. What is the purpose of an institutional review board? What function does this BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ board serve? ANS: Answers will vary DIF: Difficult REF: Ethical Concerns in Social Psycholo gy OBJ: Applied CHAPTER 3: The Social Self MULTIPLE CHOICE BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ 1. John is thinking about how he is a good baseball player and really enjoys eating pizza. John is thinking about his self. a. individual c. collective b. relational d. universal ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Nature of the Social Self OBJ: Factual 2. Relational self-beliefs are a. the roles, duties, and obligations we assume in groups. b. social groups to which we belong. c. our preferences, tastes, personality traits, and talents. d. our identities in specific relationships. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Nature of the Social Self OBJ: Factual 3. According to the symbolic interactionist idea, we learn about ourselves through a. completing different kinds of personality tests. b. imagining what other people think of us. c. our parents telling us what we like and dislike, and what we are good at. d. deep reflection about our behaviors, preferences, and attitudes. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ DIF: Easy REF: Origins of Self-Knowledge OBJ: Factual 8. The quote, “The squeaky wheel gets the grease” reflects which type of self-construal? a. independent c. communal b. interdependent d. distinctiveness ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Origins of Self- Knowledge OBJ: Factual 9. According to the textbook, is useful in developing our self-concept, but it can lead us to lose some self-esteem, at least temporarily. a. upward comparison c. self-affirmation b. downward comparison d. self-aggrandizement ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Origins of Self- Knowledge OBJ: Factual 10. Dan McAdams writes about and does research on the “narrated self,” which consists of a. our personality traits. b. our independent or interdependent self-construals. c. the story we tell about our social self. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ d. how other people describe our social self. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Origins of Self- Knowledge OBJ: Factual 11. Research on gender and self-concept indicates that compared with men, women are more likely to a. experience confusion over how they should define themselves. b. view themselves as unique and different from others. c. define themselves in terms of social characteristics and relationships. d. notice their own internal responses, such as increases in physiological arousal. ANS: C DIF: Medium REF: Origins of Self-Knowledge OBJ: Factual 12. Consider the following finding from a study conducted in the United States that asked children to desc ribe themselves: “Forty-four percent of children who were born outside of the United States mentione d this biographical fact when describing themselves, whereas only 7 percent of those born in the Unite d States mentioned their place of birth.” This finding best supports the a. contrasting traits hypothesis. c. social comparison hypothesis. b. self-perception hypothesis. d. distinctiveness hypothesis. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Origins of Self- Knowledge OBJ: Factual BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ the self-reference effect, Linda’s study strategy should a. decrease her memory for the theories because thoughts of previous experiences ar e distracting. b. increase or decrease her memory for the theories, depending on how long she studies. c. increase her memory for the theories by integrating them into her self-knowledge. d. increase her memory for the theories if the experiences are consistent with a theory, but it should decrease her memory if the experiences are inconsistent with a theory. ANS: C DIF: Difficult REF: Organization of Self-Knowledge OBJ: Applied BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ 18. The tendency to elaborate on and recall information that is integrated into our self-knowledge is calle d the a. self-verification effect. c. self-reference effect. b. private self-consciousness effect.d. self-monitoring effect. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Organization of Self- Knowledge OBJ: Conceptual 19. Self-schemas are a. wishes and aspirations people have for themselves. b. objective standards that people use to learn about their own abilities, attitudes, and personality traits. c. beliefs about the roles, obligations, and duties people assume in groups. d. knowledge-based summaries of our beliefs and feelings about the self in particula r domains. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Organization of Self- Knowledge OBJ: Conceptual 20. Maria defines herself in terms of many different domains, each of which includes distinct traits and ab ilities. Arthur defines himself in terms of just a few domains, with similar traits and preferences repres ented in each domain. According to Linville’s self-complexity theory, who will be able better to mana ge a negative event that threatens one of these life domains? BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ a. Maria will be better at managing a negative event than Arthur. b. Arthur will be better at managing a negative event than Maria. c. Both Maria and Arthur will be able to manage a negative event. d. Neither Maria nor Arthur will be able to manage a negative event. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Organization of Self-Knowledge OBJ: Applied 21. According to the text, research shows that state self-esteem can be influenced by a. odors. c. ambient light levels. b. complex weather patterns. d. momentary mood states. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Self-Esteem OBJ: Factual 22. According to Baumeister and his colleagues, high self-esteem has a dark side. These researchers hav e argued that a. people with very high self-esteem are particularly sensitive to insults, which could the n lead to violence. b. most people with high self-esteem are psychopaths who lack the ability to empathize wit h others. c. people with high self-esteem are more likely to become alcoholics. d. few people with high self-esteem have the modesty and humility needed to sustain satisfying close personal BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ kinds of statements. This questionnaire is meant to measure Gene’s a. self-consciousness. c. self-esteem. b. identify cues. d. self-discrepancies. ANS: C DIF: Easy REF: Self-Esteem OBJ: Applied 26. Jim tries hard at work, but he is just not very good at his job. According to , Jim should feel better about himself if he gets a new job he is good at. a. self-verification theory b. the sociometer hypothesis c. the principle of self-handicapping d. the contingencies of the self-worth account of self-esteem ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Self-Esteem OBJ: Applied 27. According to the contingencies of the self-worth account of self-esteem (Crocker and Wolfe, 2001), a person’s self-evaluations a. are stable across situations and time. b. depend on success and failure in various life domains. c. are learned through principles of classical conditioning. d. are a direct result of parenting styles. ANS: B DIF: Easy REF: Self-Esteem OBJ: Conceptual BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ 28. According to the sociometer hypothesis, a. self-esteem is an internal, subjective index of the extent to which people feel included o r excluded by others. b. people are social animals who thrive on conflict and dominating others. c. people use reflection and social comparison processes to maintain a positive self- image. d. people strive for accurate beliefs about the self in order to form adaptive judgments an d decisions. ANS: A DIF: Easy REF: Self-Esteem OBJ: Conceptual 29. The “better-than-average” effect refers to a. the finding that most people assume others are better than themselves at difficult tasks. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ b. the finding that people tend to think that they are above average. c. the finding that people who are better than average are happier. d. the finding that people who are better than average are actually more modest about thei r abilities. ANS: B OBJ: Factual DIF: Easy REF: Motives Driving Self-Evaluation 30. When is the “better-than-average” effect most likely to occur? a. when people use objective, concrete measures of performance to assess their abilities b. when people assess their abilities on ambiguous traits that can be construed in differen t ways c. when men are rating their performance compared with women d. when people are rating themselves on negative traits ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Motives Driving Self-Evaluation OBJ: Conceptual 31. Researchers have studied whether college students’ beliefs about their academic talents predict how well they actually perform in college. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ REF: Motives Drivi ng Self- Evaluation OBJ: Applied BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ 34. holds that people are motivated to view themselves in a favorable light and that they d o so through reflection and social comparison. a. Self-discrepancy theory b. The self-evaluation maintenance model c. Self-verification theory d. The Five-Factor Model ANS: B DIF: Medium REF: Motives Driving Self-Evaluation OBJ: Conceptual 35. When our college football team wins, we are more likely to wear our school’s colors the following Monday and to use the pronoun we when describing the game-winning touchdown or goal. According to A braham Tesser’s self-evaluation maintenance model, these behaviors illustrate how the process of can be used to boost our self-esteem. a. reflection c. positive reference b. social comparison d. public self-consciousness ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Motives Driving Self- Evaluation OBJ: Conceptual BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ 36. Although many people tend to view themselves in an unrealistically positive light, other people striv e for stable, accurate beliefs about the self. This tendency is emphasized by a. self-verification theory. c. self-consistency theory. b. self-determination theory. d. self-presentation theory. ANS: A DIF: Medium REF: Motives Driving Self- Evaluation OBJ: Conceptual 37. The processes by which people initiate, alter, and control their behavior in the pursuit of their goals is called . a. self-discrepancy c. self-verification b. self-enhancement d. self-regulation ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Self-Regulation: Motivating and Controlling the Self OBJ: Factual 38. Jim has been trying to lose weight and spent all day ignoring the entire bowl of candy bars on his coworke r’s desk. When Jim gets home that evening, he feels exhausted and eats an entire container of ice cream. According to the researchers Baumeister, Vohs, and Tice, Jim is probably experiencing a. food cravings c. ego strength b. ego depletion d. prevention focus BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ a. thinking about how one might approximate one’s ideal self increases the experience of anxiety. b. thinking about how one might approximate one’s ought self elevates cheerfulness. c. thinking about how one might deviate from one’s actual self increases the experience of negative emotions. d. thinking about how one might approximate one’s ideal self increases sensitivity to positiv e experiences. ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Self-Regulation: Motivating and Controlling the Self OBJ: Factual 43. Looking ten years ahead, Lola imagines herself to be a celebrated writer and a wonderful mother. According to self-discrepancy theory (Higgins, 1987), Lola is reflecting on her a. unattainable self. c. actual self. b. ought self. d. ideal self. ANS: D DIF: Medium REF: Self-Regulation: Motivating and Controlling the Self OBJ: Conceptual BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ 44. Goffman’s idea of face refers to a. our self-schemas. b. our self-esteem. c. how other people think about us. d. who we want others to think we are. ANS: D DIF: Easy REF: Self- Presentation OBJ: Factual 45. Recall that Berglas and Jones (1978) led male participants to believe that they either were going to suc ceed or were going to have difficulty on an upcoming test. Next, participants were given the chance to ingest either a performance-enhancing drug or a performance-inhibiting drug. What did the results of t his study show? a. Regardless of their beliefs about success or difficulty, participants preferred the performance-enhancing drug. BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+ b. Regardless of their beliefs about success or difficulty, participants preferred the performance-inhibiting drug. c. Participants who thought they would succeed on the test preferred the BIOLOGY B11 Social3_TestBank Questions and Answers best rated A+ guaranteed Success latest update 2022 GRADED A+