Biology examination test with the correct marking scheme of 2024 candidates, Exams of Biology

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Biology examination test with the correct marking scheme of 2024 candidates  Homeostasis - Correct Answers the ability of a living thing to keep conditions inside its body constant  Polymer - Correct Answers large molecule formed when many smaller molecules bond together  Nutrient Cycle - Correct Answers The movement of materials (nutrients) in a local ecosystem  Organism - Correct Answers a living thing that has (or can develop) the ability to act or function independently  Polar - Correct Answers having a pair of equal and opposite charges  Non-polar - Correct Answers not ionic  Charged - Correct Answers term referring to matter having an excess of electrons (a negative charge) or a deficiency of electrons (a positive charge)  Hydrophobic - Correct Answers Water Fearing  Hydrophillic - Correct Answers Water Loving  Solute - Correct Answers the dissolved substance in a solution  Solvent - Correct Answers a liquid substance capable of dissolving other substances  Covalent Bond - Correct Answers a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule  Molecule - Correct Answers (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound  Hydrogen bond - Correct Answers a chemical bond consisting of a hydrogen atom between two electronegative atoms (e.g., oxygen or nitrogen) with one side be a covalent bond and the other being an ionic bond  Macromolecule - Correct Answers any very large complex molecule  Organelles - Correct Answers tiny structures that carry out functions necessary for the cell to stay alive  Populations - Correct Answers groups of individuals that belong to the same species and live in the same area  Community - Correct Answers (ecology) a group of interdependent organisms inhabiting the same region and interacting with each other  Ecosystem - Correct Answers a system formed by the interaction of a community of organisms with their physical environment  Biome - Correct Answers a major biotic community characterized by the dominant forms of plant life and the prevailing climate  10% rule - Correct Answers only 10% of the total energy produced at each trophic level is available to the next level. The amount of energy passed up to the levels of the food pyramid reduces as you go up.  Greenhouse effect - Correct Answers warming that results when solar radiation is trapped by the atmosphere  Greenhouse Gas - Correct Answers a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared radiation  Global Climate Change - Correct Answers a change in the world's climate  Photosynthesis - Correct Answers process by which plants use the sun's energy to convert water and carbon dioxide into sugars  Cellular respiration - Correct Answers the metabolic processes whereby certain organisms obtain energy from organic moelcules  1st law of Thermodynamics - Correct Answers the law that states that energy cannot be created nor destroyed  2nd law of Thermodynamics - Correct Answers whenever energy is converted from one form to another form some energy is lost as heat  Evaporation - Correct Answers the process of becoming a vapor  Transpiration - Correct Answers the emission of water vapor from the leaves of plants  Condensation - Correct Answers the process of changing from a gaseous to a liquid or solid state  Precipitation - Correct Answers the falling to earth of any form of water (rain or snow or hail or sleet or mist)  Runoff - Correct Answers water that flows over the ground surface rather than soaking into the ground  Seepage - Correct Answers water that leaks out and slowly moves deeper underground  Root uptake - Correct Answers plant roots absorb the water  Nitrogen Fixation - Correct Answers the assimilation of atmospheric nitrogen by soil bacteria and its release for plant use on the death of the bacteria  Anaerobic - Correct Answers without oxygen  Aerobic - Correct Answers process that requires oxygen  Law of Conservation of Matter - Correct Answers a fundamental principle of classical physics that matter cannot be created or destroyed in an isolated system  Ecological Footprint - Correct Answers A way of measuring how much of an impact a person or community has on the earth. Someone who uses more natural resources will have a bigger footprint than someone who uses less.  Water - Correct Answers H2o  Chemical Digestion - Correct Answers chemicals produced by the body break foods into their smaller chemical building blocks  Mechanical Digestion - Correct Answers Part of digestion that uses movement and muscles to break down food  Peristalsis - Correct Answers the process of wave-like muscle contractions of the alimentary tract that moves food along  Chyme - Correct Answers a semiliquid mass of partially digested food that passes from the stomach through the pyloric sphincter into the duodenum  Enzymes - Correct Answers protein substances that speed up chemical reactions.  Catalyst - Correct Answers (chemistry) a substance that initiates or accelerates a chemical reaction without itself being affected  Active site - Correct Answers the part of an enzyme or antibody where the chemical reaction occurs  Substrate - Correct Answers the substance acted upon by an enzyme or ferment  Products - Correct Answers the elements or compounds produced by a chemical reaction  calorie - Correct Answers unit of heat defined as the quantity of heat required to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water by 1 degree centigrade at atmospheric pressure  Calorie - Correct Answers a unit of the energy supplied by food  Mouth - Correct Answers the opening through which food is taken in and vocalizations emerge  Saliva - Correct Answers a clear liquid secreted into the mouth by the salivary glands and mucous glands of the mouth