Statistics and Hypothesis Testing Terminology, Quizzes of Biology

Download Statistics and Hypothesis Testing Terminology and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Which of the following is a null hypothesis? DEFINITION 1 A) Hybrid electric cars and purse gasoline- burning cards have different fuelefficienciesB) There is no difference in the fuel efficiencies of hybrid cars and pure gasoline burning carsC) Hybrid electric cars are less fuel efficient than pure gasoline burning carsD) Pure gasoline-burning cars are less fuel efficient than hybrid electric cars. TERM 2 An independend T-test is designed to show whether there is a significant difference between the _______ of two independent samples, those of your treatment and control groups DEFINITION 2 A) meansB) VariancesC) Standard DeviationD) Range TERM 3 What does standard deviation measure? DEFINITION 3 A) THE CENTRAL TENDENCY OF THE DATAB) THE RANGE OF THE VALUES OF THE DATAC) THE AVERAGE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN THE MEAN AND THE MEDIAND) THE DISPERSION OF VALUES AROUND THE MEAN TERM 4 WHICH IS NOT A STEP IN THE SCIENTIFIC METHOD? DEFINITION 4 A) MAKE OBSERVATIONSB) ELIMINATE SOURCES OF VARIATIONC) DESIGN AN EXPERIMENTD) DRAW CONCLUSIONS TERM 5 YOU DISCOVER THAT BRAIN VOLUME OF HUMAN AND MONKEY ARE DIFFERENT. WHAT TYPE OF DATA ( BRAIN VOLUME) IS THIS? DEFINITION 5 A) ATTRIBUTE DATAB) DISCREETNUMERICALDATAC) CONTINUOUS NUMERICAL DATA TERM 6 Discreet numerical data DEFINITION 6 Does not continue on and on, is a simple number that can be calculated and have a precise answer TERM 7 Continuous numerical data DEFINITION 7 Data that can be calculated but does not give you an easy/exact answer, it is usually a decimal orcontinuousnumber. TERM 8 WHAT DATA TYPE IS THIS: BLOOD TYPES FOR OUR LAB STUDENTS? DEFINITION 8 A) attribute dataB) Discreet numerical dataC) continuous numerical data TERM 9 In the marble measuring exercise of Lab 2 ( in which you measrued the volume of marbles with 2 different techniques), you used a _________ to compare your two groups. DEFINITION 9 a)independentsample t-testb) paired sample t-testc) frequency distributiond) binomial theorem TERM 10 Paired sample t-test DEFINITION 10 A t-test is any statistical hypothesis test in which the test statistic follows a Student's t distribution if the null hypothesis is supported. SAME MARBLE, DIFFERENT METHOD TERM 21 in roses, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) and flower colo is inherited as an autosomal trait What phenotypes do you expect to result from a cross between two heterozygotes? DEFINITION 21 A) 50% purple and 50% whiteB) 75% purple and 25% whiteC) 100% purpleD) 75% white and 25% purple TERM 22 In lizards, black coloration (B) is dominant to blue coloration (b) and the heterozygous "striped" condition is exhibited only by FEMALES. The alleles B and b are sex linked What kinds of offspring would you expect from the cross of a blue males with a black female? DEFINITION 22 A) 50% black females and 50% black malesB) 50% striped females and 50% black malesC) 25% striped females, 25% black females and 50% black malesD) 25% striped females, 25% black females, and 50% blue males TERM 23 The offspring are 50% striped females and 50% blue males, what are the only possibilities for the parent genotypes? DEFINITION 23 A) black males and striped femalesB) Black make and blue femaleC) blue male and black femaleD) black male and black female TERM 24 For my research, I would like to study f the "freshman fifteen" ( a weight gain of 15 lbs thought to occur in college freshman) is a reality of a myth. To do this, I will ask 5 freshman their weight when they arrive at UM in August, and then I will weigh them again in May at the completion of their first year. My null hypothesis is that freshmen weigh less in August than in the following May. I will do some kind of statistics, that will allow me to conclude whether or not the cafeteria food is loaded with fat DEFINITION 24 Joes null hypothesis is incorrect. What he claims to be a null hypothesis is actually?a) 1-tailed alternative hypothesisb) 2-tailed alternative hypothesisc) mere speculationd) none of the aboveWhat would be an appropriate null hypothesis for joe's research?a) There is a difference in the weights of freshman before and after one year of collegeb) there is no difference in the weights of August and Mayc) there is no difference in nutritional content of the dining hall food and mom/dad's home cooked mealsd) there is no difference in the weights of freshman before and after one year of collegeJoe claims that he will do " some kind of statistics". What do you suggest he do?a) paired t-testb)independentt- testc) graphs of weight gaind) all of the above TERM 25 Paired t-test DEFINITION 25 SAME PERSON, DIFFERENT METHODS.Dependent samples (or "paired")t-teststypically consist of a sample of matched pairs of similarunits, or one group of units that has been tested twice (a "repeated measures"t-test). A typical example of the repeated measurest-test would be where subjects are tested prior to a treatment, say for high blood pressure, and the same subjects are tested again after treatment with a blood-pressure lowering medication. TERM 26 Independent T-test DEFINITION 26 DIFFERENT PEOPLE, SAME METHODThe unpaired, or "independent samples"t-test is used when two separate sets ofindependent and identically distributedsamples are obtained, one from each of the two populations being compared. For example, suppose we are evaluating the effect of a medical treatment, and we enroll 100 subjects into our study, then randomize 50 subjects to the treatment group and 50 subjects to the control group. In this case, we have two independent samples and would use the unpaired form of thet-test. The randomization is not essential hereif we contacted 100 people by phone and obtained each person's age and gender, and then used a two-samplet-test to see whether the mean ages differ by gender, this would also be an independent sampledt-test, even though the data are observational. TERM 27 A toxic byproduct of aerobic metabolism in cells DEFINITION 27 Hydrogen Peroxide TERM 28 Increases the rate of reaction without being consumed DEFINITION 28 Enzyme TERM 29 Maintains a constant pH in a solution DEFINITION 29 Buffer TERM 30 Substance upon which an enzyme operates DEFINITION 30 Substrate TERM 31 Is a special class of proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in biological systems DEFINITION 31 Catalyst TERM 32 A unit of inheritance DEFINITION 32 Gene TERM 33 A gene is a unit of inheritance. Located on the_______, a gene is a specific sequence of DNA nucleotides that encodes the production of a specific polypeptide DEFINITION 33 CHROMOSOME TERM 34 The location of a gene on a chromosome is known as its_____. DEFINITION 34 LOCUS TERM 35 Different forms of the same gene may exist, and every_______ individual has two copies of each gene. DEFINITION 35 DIPLOID TERM 46 PROBABILITIES DEFINITION 46 P=a/na= number of occurences of the event in questionn= total number of chances a particular result has to occur TERM 47 wild type allele DEFINITION 47 the most commonly found/expressed allele in a population TERM 48 Haploid DEFINITION 48 haploid cells have one copy of the genome TERM 49 Diploid DEFINITION 49 two complete copies of the genome TERM 50 Genotype DEFINITION 50 Genetic makeupThe genotype is the genetic makeup of an organism for a particular trait TERM 51 Phenotype DEFINITION 51 The PHYSICALappearance/makeup of a trait TERM 52 Ploidy DEFINITION 52 term used to describe the number of genome copies in a cells nuclues. TERM 53 Mutant allele DEFINITION 53 any allele that is changed ( mutated) from wold type TERM 54 Monogenic trait DEFINITION 54 Trait controlled by only one gene ( e.g tongue rolling) TERM 55 Polygenic trait DEFINITION 55 trait controlled by many different genes ( e.g human stature/height) TERM 56 Antigen DEFINITION 56 a foregin substance that stimulates an immune response in an organism whose body it enters TERM 57 Antibody DEFINITION 57 A protein produced by the organism to bind to the antigen and help aid the immune system in destroying it TERM 58 Anti-A serum DEFINITION 58 if blood cells stick together when mixed with anti-A serum, you have Type A blood. TERM 59 Anti-B serum DEFINITION 59 If blood cells stick together when mixed with Anti-B serum, you have type B blood TERM 60 Type O blood DEFINITION 60 If blood doesnt bind with neither Anti a- nor Ani-B, you have type O blood.UNIVERSAL DONER