Study of Neurophysiology and Muscle Contraction in Lever Systems and Action Potentials., Exams of Nursing

Download Study of Neurophysiology and Muscle Contraction in Lever Systems and Action Potentials. and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! BIOS 252 COMPREHENSIVE EXAM-with 100% verified solutions 2024-2025 Tutor verified When compared to a classic lever system, the synovial joints of our Musculoskeletal system play the role of the _________? A. Weight B. Force C. Fulcrum D. Lever E. Resistance C. Fulcrum. Which of the following event will occur when depolarizing graded potential's reach the membrane of the axon Hillock, causing its membrane potential to reach threshold? A. Ligand-gated Ca++ channels close rapidly B. Voltage-gated Ca++ channels open rapidly C. Ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly D. Voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly E. Ligand-gated Cl+ channels close rapidly D. Voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly. The attachment of the muscles tendon to the stationary bone is called the _________? ; The attachment of the muscles other tendon to the movable bone is called the__________? A. Origin ; action B. Insertion ; action C. Origin ; insertion D. Stabilizer ; mover E. Insertion ; origin C. Origin ; Insertion Which of the following fascicular arrangements would best be described as fascicles arranged on only one side of the tendon? A. Unipennate B. Bipennate C. Fusiform D. Circular E. Multipennate A. Unipennate Which type of synapse involves the secretion of a neurotransmitter across the synapse to stimulate the post-synaptic cell? A. Mechanical B. Nominal C. Electrotonic D. Processing E. Chemical E. Chemical Your friend nods 'yes' to you, going through flexion, extension, and hyper extension in their enthusiastic response. This movement at the fulcrum represents a A. First-class lever system B. Second-class lever system C. Third-class lever system D. Fourth-class lever system E. Does not represent a lever system Which muscle is responsible for movement of the eye medically (adduction)? A. Medial rectus B. Lateral rectus C. Inferior rectus D. Superior oblique E. Inferior oblique A. Medial rectus EPSPs (excitatory postsynaptic potentials) occur when A. More potassium ions than usual leak out of a cell B. More calcium ions then usual leak out of a cell C. Chloride ions enter the cell D. Sodium channels are opened and sodium enters the cell E. Sodium channels are opened and sodium flows out of the cell D. Sodium channels are opened and sodium enters the cell In skeletal muscle cells, the transverse tubule is an extension of the A. Sarcomere B. Sarcoplasmic reticulum C. Sarcolemma D. Perimysium E. Terminal cisterna C. Sarcolemma An inhibitory neurotransmitter ________ the postsynaptic membrane A. Depolarizers B. Repolarizes C. Hyperpolarizes D. Reverses the polarity of the E. Moves channels to the internal axonal membrane C. hyperpolarizes _______ cells function as immune/phagocytic cells within the central nervous system A. Ependymal B. Astrocytes C. Microglial D. Schwann E. Oligodendrogital C. Microglial The myelin sheaths that surround the axons of some of the neurons in the centra nervous system are formed by A. Astrocytes B. Oligodendrocytes C. Microglia D. Ependymal cells E. Schwann cells B. Oligodendrocytes A muscle that provides the major force of producing a specific movement is called A. An antagonist B. An agonist C. A synergist D. A fixation E. A sidekick B. An agonist During inhalation, ________ muscles contract to elevate the ribs. During forced exhalation, _______ muscles contract to depress the ribs A. External intercostals ; internal intercostals B. Transverse abdominis ; diaphragm C. Diaphragm ; transverse abdominis D. Internal intercostals ; external intercostals E. Rectus abdominis ; external obliques A. External intercostals ; internal intercostals Which of the following are functions of various neuroglial cells A. Forming myelin sheaths on axons Which plane of the body can best be described as diving the body or organ into superior and inferior portions? A. Transverse plane B. Oblique plane C. Frontal plane D. Midsagittal plane E. Parasagittal plane A. Transverse plane What is the name of the region of the body that makes up the armpit? A. Brachial B. Crural C. Antebrachial D. Cervical E. Axillary E. Axillary Which type of chemical reaction is best described as assembling smaller molecules into larger ones? A. Decomposition B. Hydrolysis C. Dehydration D. Synthesis E. Exchange reaction D. Synthesis In the following chemical reaction, which represents the products? AB + CD —> AD + CB A. AB B. CD C. AB + CD D. A E. AD + CB E. AD + CB A molecule that freely disassociates with water resulting in a low pH solution, best describes a ____ molecule A. Acid B. Base C. Neutral D. Ionic E. Covalent A. Acid Most homeostatic regulatory mechanisms involve ______, a way of counteracting a change A. Regulatory feedback B. Positive feedback C. negative feedback D. Set point feedback E. Sensory feedback C. Negative feedback Which of the following cellular organelle can best be described as fairly long, slender extensions of the plasma membrane that help to move fluids or secretions across the cell surface A. Flagellum B. Microvilli C. Nucleus D. Mitochondria E. Cilia E. Cilia Which of the following organelles is considered the "Powerhouse of the cell" for the ability to generate ATP within that organelle? A. Nucleus B. Lysosome C. Mitochondria D. Ribosomes E. Golgi complex C. Mitochondria D. Stratified squamous epithelial E. Stratified cuboidal epithelial C. Transitional epithelial Put the following layers of the epidermis int he correct order starting with the deepest layer; A) Stratum granulosum, B) stratum corneum, C) stratum basale, D) stratum spinosum, E) stratum lucidum (only in thick skin) A. A, B, C, D, E B. C, D, A, B, E C. C, D, A, E, B D. A, B, E, C, D E. C, D, B, A, E C. C, D, A, E, B Which of the following glands is responsible for secreting oil onto the surface of the skin? A. Mammary glands B. Sebaceous glands C. Sudonferous glands D. Eccrine glands E. Ceruminous glands B. Sebaceous glands Which layer of the epidermis can be described as consisting of a single row of cuboidal or columnar keratinocytes that are highly mitotic? A. Stratum lucidum B. Stratum basale C. Stratum spinosum D. Stratum corneum E. Stratum granulosum B. Stratum basale Which of the following is not a structural characteristic of long bones? A. Diaphysis B. Epicondyle C. Epiphysis D. Periosteum E. Endosteum B. Epicondyle Which of the following is not a structural characteristic of long bones? A. Diaphysis B. Epicondyle C. Epiphysis D. Periosteum E. Endosteum B. Epicondyle The storage and release of calcium and phosphorus is an example of which of the six main functions of the skeletal system A. Blood cell production B. Triglyceride storage C. Mineral homeostasis D. Support E. Protection C. Mineral homeostasis Which of the following bone cells can best be described as bone-building cells A. Osteoblasts B. Osteocytes C. Osteoprogenitor cells D. Osteoclasts E. Osteogenesis imperfection cells A. Osteoblasts Which of the following functional classification of joints is best described as an immovable joint A. Amphiarthrosis B. Fibrous C. Synarthrosis D. Diarthrosis E. Cartilaginous