Dialysis Techniques and Treatment, Exams of Public Health

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Bonent Review Updated 2023-2024 /Questions And Answers Graded (A+) Quiz :according to aami standards how often should equipment be cleaned - √Answer :daily Quiz :what is the most effective treatment for muscle cramping during the treatment - √Answer :hypertonic saline in venous line Quiz :how are chloramines most effectively removed by the water system - √Answer :activated carbon Quiz :what is a practical method for determining the direction of flow in a fistula or graft segment - √Answer :occlude flow with one finger and determine on which side has a pulse Quiz :what is a system of water treatment that removes pyrogens as well as solutes - √Answer :reverse osmosis Quiz :which substance is omitted from the dialysate - √Answer :phosphorus Quiz :how do you evaluate an internal access prior to treatment - √Answer :observe for signs and symptoms of infection Quiz :which side effect may occur if the rollers of the blood pump are occluded - √Answer :hemolysis Quiz :if a patient complains of a cold hand especially in the fingers the PCT should tell them what - √Answer :poor blood flow to the hand Quiz :a patient is in the third hour of treatment when you notice yawning, the patient says he feels fine what is your action - √Answer :check blood pressure Quiz :what is the least likely psyche action for patients - √Answer :guilt Quiz :a patient complains of feeling dizzy, the PCT notes that the patient is pale and cyanotic has elevated blood pressure and respirations increase in rate in depth what is this - √Answer :hypoxemia Quiz :what problem is commonly associated with recirculating systems and Central dialysate Delivery Systems - √Answer :gram-negative bacterial contamination Quiz :if a patient is started on IV vitamin D what should the PCT expect - √Answer :calcium and phosphorus will increase and pth should decrease Quiz :what will not improve the blood flow rate in a CVC - √Answer :rotating or further inserting the catheter Quiz :your patient arrives for treatment and complains of feeling poorly. Assessment reveals increase apical pulse elevated blood pressure scattered rails and 2 + jugular vein distention. What can be anticipated during the treatment - √Answer :dyspnea hypotension and cramping Quiz :who is responsible for maintaining water Purity levels for treatment - √Answer :medical director Quiz :if the conductivity of one machine is not up safe limits within 15 minutes what should the tech not investigate - √Answer :temperature of incoming water Quiz :what is an acceptable volume loss in reuse dialyzers - √Answer :20% Quiz :if a recent lab shows KT over V of 1.0 what should happen - √Answer :increase the treatment time Quiz :what is not true of a hepatitis B vaccine - √Answer :passive Hep B immunity Quiz :checking lines for Kinks and twists helps prevent hemolysis which could result in what - √Answer :hyperkalemia Quiz :three things that affect the total pressure in the blood circuit - √Answer :bfr resistance to flow and needle gauge Quiz :where is the air detector monitor located - √Answer :the venous blood line Quiz :what do we want our hemoglobin levels to be between - √Answer :10 to 11 Quiz :what is epogen - √Answer :a hormone given that stimulates the blood marrow to produce more red blood cells is usually given every treatment Quiz :what is aranesp - √Answer :a hormone given that stimulates the bone marrow to produce more red blood cells is usually given weekly Quiz :what is mircera - √Answer :the hormone that stimulates bone marrow to produce red blood cells and is usually given monthly or every two weeks Quiz :what is an osmotic agent - √Answer :these help the shift and maintain fluid in the vascular space Quiz :what is albumin - √Answer :albumin is a blood protein we want our patients levels to be above 4.0 grams per deciliter Quiz :what is Mannitol - √Answer :used to prevent cramps maintain blood pressure Quiz :what should the transferrin saturation levels be - √Answer :level should be 20 to 50% Quiz :what is venofer - √Answer :an iron medication given frequently to increase iron level Quiz :what is heparin - √Answer :an anticoagulation that prevents clotting of the system Quiz :what is Coumadin / warfarin - √Answer :an oral anticoagulation used to prevent clots from forming it is usually used in cardiac patients for AFib Quiz :what is protamine - √Answer :reverses heparin Quiz :what is cathflo activase - √Answer :it breaks up clots in catheter ports their voice improving blood flow through the catheters Quiz :what is Midodrine / proamatine - √Answer :this helps to maintain blood pressures during the treatment Quiz :what is hectorol or oral sensipar - √Answer :a vitamin D hormone that decreases the stimulation of pth and helps balance the calcium phosphorus levels Quiz :what are some frequently used antibiotics - √Answer :Vancomycin, Gentamicin, Ciprofloxacin Quiz :what is the ultrafiltration rate - √Answer :the amount of fluid removed per hour from the patient's blood during a dialysis treatment Quiz :how do you calculate the ultrafiltration rate - √Answer :total fluid to remove / hours of treatment Quiz :what is transmembrane pressure - √Answer :the difference between blood side pressure and dialysate side pressure it is the pressure causing fluid removal and dialyzers Quiz :what are the anatomical structures of the urinary system in order of urine flow - √Answer :two kidneys, two ureters, bladder and a urethra Quiz :what is a Nephron - √Answer :a tubular structure that filters blood to form urine Quiz :what are the seven functions of a kidney - √Answer :acid / base balance maintenance, water balance maintenance, electrolyte balance, toxin removal, blood pressure regulation, erythropoietin production, and vitamin D metabolism. a wet bed Quiz :what is the GFR in the five stages of kidney disease - √Answer :stage one is 90 plus, stage 2 is 6 60 - 89 oh, stage three is 30 - 59 oh, stage four is 15 - 29, in Stage 5 is less than 15 Quiz :what are the three modalities of treatment for end-stage renal disease - √Answer :hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, and transplantation Quiz :what is chloramine - √Answer :a combination of bleach and ammonia Quiz :what is a diasafefilter - √Answer :it is found on the back of the hemodialysis machine that allows for the delivery of ultra-pure dialysis Quiz :what are the two most commonly changed electrolytes in dialysate - √Answer :potassium and calcium Quiz :name four ways dialysis check to ensure that it is safe - √Answer :pH, conductivity, monitoring the machine temperature, and a negative residual chlorine Quiz :what four items impact clearance - √Answer :treatments time, blood flow rate, dialysate flow rate, dialyzer size Quiz :why is the extracorporeal circuit Prime to normal saline - √Answer :to purge the system of any sterilant or particulate matter from the manufacturer and air that is in the system. Quiz :how much saline should be infused through the entire dialyzer in the extracorporeal circuit - √Answer :50 ml through the arterial line and 250ml to the venous line totaling 300 ml Quiz :what side effects can occur of chlorine and chloramine are found in water - √Answer :hemolysis, anemia, chest pain, arrhythmias, shortness of breath, nausea and vomiting Quiz :what side effects can occur if an aluminum is in water - √Answer :bone disease, dialysis dementia, confusion, anemia Quiz :what side effects can occur if fluoride is fine found in water - √Answer :bone disease, itching, nausea and vomiting, chest pain, shortness of breath, arrhythmias Quiz :what side effects can occur if calcium or magnesium is found in water - √Answer :muscle weakness, Headache, nausea and vomiting, high blood pressure Quiz :what side effects can occur if bacteria or endotoxins is found in - √Answer :uncontrollable shaking, chills, fever, low blood pressure, nausea and vomiting Quiz :what does aami stand for - √Answer :Association for the advancement of medical instrumentation