BONES AND BONE MARKINGS TO KNOW, Schemes and Mind Maps of Anatomy

Download BONES AND BONE MARKINGS TO KNOW and more Schemes and Mind Maps Anatomy in PDF only on Docsity! BONES AND BONE MARKINGS TO KNOW Axial Skeleton Skull A. Cranial bones (8) a) Frontal (1) - Frontal sinus - Supraorbital foramen b) Parietal (2) - Sagittal suture - Coronal suture c) Temporal (2) - Zygomatic process - External auditory meatus - Styloid process - Mandibular fossa - Mastoid process d) Occipital bone (1) - Lambdoidal suture - Foramen magnum - Occipital condyles e) Sphenoid bone (1) - Sella turcica - Sphenoid sinus f) Ethmoid (1) - Perpendicular plate - Crista galli - Superior and middle nasal conchae - Cribriform plate - Ethmoidal sinuses B. Facial Bones a) Maxilla (2) - Alveoli = sockets - Palatine process - Maxillary sinus - Infraorbital foramen b) Palatine (2) c) Zygomatic (2) - Temporal process d) Lacrimal (2) - Lacrimal sulcus (groove) e) Nasal bone (2) f) Inferior nasal concha (2) g) Vomer (1) C. mandible (1) - Horseshoe – shaped body - Alveoli = sockets - Ramus – two rami extend upward at the posterior end of the body - Mandibular condyle - Coronoid process - Mandibular notch - Mental foramina - Mandibular foramina D. Middle Ear Bones a) Malleus = hammer (2) b) Incus = anvil (2) c) Stapes = stirrup (2) E. Hyoid Bone (1) - U-shaped bone in the neck that is not attached directly to any other bone F. Fetal Skull a) Fontanels - Anterior - Anterolateral - Posterior - Posterolateral b) Sutures Vertebral Column Types A. Cervical: C1 – C7 (7) - Transverse foramen a) Atlas - superior surfaces of its transverse processes articulate with occipital condyles of skull; allow one to nod “yes” b) Axis - Odontoid process = dens - forms joint with atlas; allows one to rotate head from side to side to indicate “no” B. Thoracic: T1 – T12 (12) C. Lumbar: L1 – L5 (5) D. Sacrum (1) - Formed by fusion of five sacral vertebrae - Median sacral crest - Sacral canal - Sacral hiatus E. Coccyx (1) - Formed by fusion of four to five coccygeal vertebrae - human tailbone Structure of a thoracic vertebra Body Vertebral (spinal) foramen Vertebral arch Transverse process Spinous process Pedicle Lamina Intervertebral foramen Vertebral notches Superior and inferior articular processes F. Ribs (24) Structure Head Neck Tubercle Shaft or body Types True or vertebrosternal (7 pairs) False (5 pairs) Vertebrochondral (3 pairs) Floating (2 pairs) G. Sternum (1) - Superior manubrium - Central body - Xiphoid process