Breeding Animals - Animal Science - Lecture Slides, Slides of Biology

Download Breeding Animals - Animal Science - Lecture Slides and more Slides Biology in PDF only on Docsity! Breeding Animals Docsity.com TERMS USED IN BREEDING ANIMALS • BREED : Breed is made up of animals of the same species that share common traits. • BLOODLINES : Bloodlines are groups within breeds; tend to have one common ancestor. • PUREBRED : Animals registered in a breed or eligible for registry. Docsity.com CATTLE BREEDS CONT. • CHAROLAIS : Originated in France. White to a light straw color; large breed, most are naturally horned. • CHIANINA : Originated in Italy. White except for the switch of the tail, which is black; skin has a black pigment. Largest beef breed. • HEREFORD : Originated in England. White face and red bodies. A horned breed. Docsity.com CATTLE BREEDS CONT. • POLLED HEREFORD : Developed in the United States. White face and red bodies; polled. • LIMOUSIN : Originated in France. Most are red but may be light yellow or black. They usually have horns. • SANTA GERTRUDIS : Developed by the King Ranch in Texas. Cherry red, usually horned and have loose hide. Crosses of the Shorthorn and Brahman breeds. Docsity.com BEEF BREEDS CONT. • SHORTHORN : Originated in England. Red and white, with a red-white mix (roan), have horns except for the Polled Shorthorn breed. • SIMMENTAL : Originated in Switzerland. Faces are white/light straw and their bodies are red to dark red. Docsity.com DAIRY BREEDS CONT. • JERSEY : Originated on the Isle of Jersey. Color range from cream to almost black. Ranks fifth in milk production (10,000 lbs per year with 5.4% milk fat). Smallest of the dairy breeds. Docsity.com SWINE BREEDS • AMERICAN LANDRACE : White breed with ears drooped over the eyes. Produce large litters of pigs. • BERKSHIRE : Black with six white points: each foot, some white on the face and a white tail switch; erect ears. • CHESTER WHITE : White breed; popular in the northern parts of the United States. Docsity.com SWINE BREEDS CONT. • DUROC : Red in color; ears drooped over the eyes. Large size, good meat-type breed. • HAMPSHIRE : Black with a white belt around its shoulders. Ears are erect; good meat type breed. • POLAND CHINA : Black with six white points: the feet, tip of tail and nose. • YORKSHIRE : White with erect ears. Large litters and good milkers. Docsity.com GOAT BREEDS • MOHAIR AND CASHMERE - Angora ; most of these are grown in Texas and other southwestern states. • DAIRY GOATS - LaMancha, Nubian, Saanen and Toggenburg. • SPANISH GOATS - Boer Docsity.com HORSES • LIGHT HORSES - Weigh 900-1400 pounds and used for riding, driving, racing and other purposes. Quarter Horse, Arabian, Paint, Appaloosa, Tennessee Walking Horse and Palomino are breeds of light horses. • PONIES - Small horses weighing under 900 pounds. Shetland Pony is an example. Docsity.com HORSES CONT. • DRAFT HORSES - Weigh over 1400 pounds. Clydesdale, Belgian, Percheron and Shire are examples. Docsity.com KINDS OF BREEDING SYSTEMS • STRAIGHTBREEDING : Mating of animals of the same breed. • Different approaches of straightbreeding include purebred breeding (mating purebred animals), outcrossing (mating animals of the same breed but of different families in the breed) and inbreeding (mating animals of the same breed with closely related animals). Docsity.com BREEDING SYSTEMS CONT. • CROSSBREEDING : Involves mating animals of different breeds. • Used to improve the quality of the products yielded by the offspring. • Used to produce calves with more meat, no horns or to accomplish other specific genetic purpose. Docsity.com PUREBRED PRODUCTION SYSTEM • Used to produce purebred animals that will be used for meat, milk or other purposes. • May compete in shows. • Raise both male and female animals. • Must keep accurate records. Docsity.com METHODS OF INSEMINATING LIVESTOCK • NATURAL INSEMINATINATION - Involves using animals to mate in pastures or pen breeding. • ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION - Involves collecting semen from a male and depositing it in the reproductive tract of the female. Docsity.com ADVANTAGES OF USING AI • AI allows the use of semen from superior males that are owned by another party. • AI makes it possible for a male to breed many more females than could be done naturally. • * Semen can be stored for a week at 41F or for several months frozen at -320F (liquid nitrogen). Docsity.com IMPORTANT INFORMATION IN BREEDING ANIMALS • SPECIES AGE/BREED GESTATION • COW 14 MONTHS 283 DAYS • SOW 12 MONTHS 114 DAYS • EWE 17 MONTHS 148 DAYS • DOE 18 MONTHS 151 DAYS • MARE 2-3 YEARS 336 DAYS Docsity.com SIGNS OF PREGNANT FEMALES GOING INTO LABOR • ENLARGED UDDER • SWELLING OF THE VULVA • HOLLOWNESS IN FRONT OF THE PIN BONES • NERVOUSNESS • GOING AWAY FROM THE HERD Docsity.com GIVING BIRTH • Most animals give birth without assistance. • Calves should be born within one hour after labor begins. • Calves are normally delivered with the head between the two front legs. • Cow may need assistance if calf is in a different position. Docsity.com AFTER THE BIRTH • It is very important that the calf gets the first milk known as “colostrum”. • Colostrum is high in antibodies and other substances that help the new animal survive. • Animal should expel the placenta 3-6 hours after giving birth. Docsity.com