Terms and Definitions in Livestock Breeding: Inbreeding, Outbreeding, Alleles, and Breeds, Quizzes of Animal Biology

Download Terms and Definitions in Livestock Breeding: Inbreeding, Outbreeding, Alleles, and Breeds and more Quizzes Animal Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Seedstock producers DEFINITION 1 Purebred breeders; selling genetics TERM 2 Commercial producers DEFINITION 2 Create a product to sell to consumer TERM 3 Inbreeding DEFINITION 3 Narrows genetic base TERM 4 Outcrossing/outbreeding DEFINITION 4 Increasing genetic base TERM 5 Inbreeding characteristics DEFINITION 5 -Concentrate a good triat by breeding siblings together - Breeding siblings was a way of looking for recessive traits before the types of testing we have now (increases the chances that animal A will be homozygous for the recessive trait) TERM 6 Benefits of Inbreeding DEFINITION 6 -Check for defects (recessive traits) -Compile good genes by breeding siblings - uniformity via homozygous genes TERM 7 Disadvantages of Inbreeding DEFINITION 7 Inbreeding depression: gene additive action (heterozygous out performs homozygous) Brings out defects TERM 8 Intensive breeding DEFINITION 8 Several generations of inbreeding of multiple individuals - Reproductive traits decline -Used by corn breeders to make hybrids TERM 9 Line Breeding DEFINITION 9 Ex: Wye (closed herd) - Mild inbreeding to keep a high genetic relationship to an ancestor or line of ancestors - Allows identification of superior animal (Ex: horse racing) TERM 10 Outbreeding DEFINITION 10 Species-species breeding; Crossbreeding(btw breeds); Outcrossing(within breeds) TERM 21 Jersey Cow DEFINITION 21 brown cow; produces milk with higher fat content and in smaller quantities than the holstein cow; less inputs needed; usually grass fed TERM 22 Beef cattle breeds are selected for the ___of beef produced or the ___. DEFINITION 22 quantity or quality TERM 23 Wagyu DEFINITION 23 Beef cattle; most marbling; from Japan; slow growing; less muscle TERM 24 British Breeds DEFINITION 24 Not heavy or light; intermediate marbling; intermediate inputs; ex: Angus and Hereford TERM 25 Angus DEFINITION 25 Black or red; known for quality of beef TERM 26 Hereford DEFINITION 26 Red/white TERM 27 Continental Breeds DEFINITION 27 Continental Europe; High inputs b/c they produce more pounds of body wt.; less marbling TERM 28 Simmental DEFINITION 28 Continental Breed; red with white face TERM 29 Charlais DEFINITION 29 Continental breed; white TERM 30 Belgian Blue DEFINITION 30 High maintenance requirements; lots of muscle; double muscled; problems with dystocia(birthing dificulties); Continental breed TERM 31 Why were Bos indicus developed? DEFINITION 31 To produce alot of meat even though they are suited to hot environments: reason for synthetic/ composite breeds TERM 32 Composite/synthetic breeds DEFINITION 32 Mixes of known breeds ; ex: Brangus (Brahma x Angus) TERM 33 Beefmaster DEFINITION 33 A synthetic breed; has extra skin folds to increase surface area for heat release TERM 34 Heterosis DEFINITION 34 Hybrid vigor; increases a trait in the crossbred progeny above the average of the lines or breeds crossed; important for reproductive traits which tend to have a low heritability