BSC 1005 General Biology Exam 2 Study Guide, Exams of Nursing

Download BSC 1005 General Biology Exam 2 Study Guide and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • The cloning of Dolly the sheep A) demonstrated that the nuclei from differentiated mammalian cells can retain their full genetic potential. B) demonstrated that differentiated cells contain only a fraction of their full genetic potential. C) demonstrated, for the first time, that eggs are haploid and body cells are diploid. D) revealed that cloned mammals most resemble the egg donor. E) revealed that cloned mammals most resemble the sperm donor. • Cloning to produce embryonic stem cells is called A) regenerative cloning. B) transplantational cloning. C) reproductive cloning. D) therapeutic cloning. E) dedifferentiation. • Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells use to turn certain genes on or off. A) DNA ligase B) RNA transcriptase C) intron segments D) regulatory proteins E) nucleosome packing • Enhancers are A) adjacent to the gene that they regulate. B) required to turn on gene expression when transcription factors are in short supply. C) the site on DNA to which activators bind. D) required to facilitate the binding of DNA polymerases. E) the products of transcription factors. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 7. In glycolysis, for each molecule of glucose oxidized to pyruvate . A) two molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced. B) two molecules of ATP are used and four molecules of ATP are produced. C) four molecules of ATP are used and two molecules of ATP are produced. D) two molecules of ATP are used and six molecules of ATP are produced. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 8. Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of _. A) acetyl-CoA B) glucose C) py ruvate D) NADH 9. Which electron carrier(s) function in the citric acid cycle? A) NAD+ only B) NADH and FADH2 C) the electron transport chain D) ADP and ATP 10. The electron transport chain B)4 C) 18-24 D) 30-32 Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism? the citric acid cycle oxidative phosphorylation chemiosmosis glycolysis electron transport chain In yeast cells, lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration. lactic acid is produced during glycolysis. alcohol is produced during the citric acid cycle. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 15. Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) in aerobic cellular respiration? A) 2 D) alcohol is produced after glycolysis. E) glucose is produced during photosynthesis. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update Photosynthesis 18. The summary equation for photosynthesis is A) 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6 O2. B) C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + sunlight → 5 CO2 + 6 H2O. C) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + sunlight → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O. D) the same as the equation for glycolysis written in reverse. E) 6 CH2O + 5 O2 + sunlight → CO2 + 2 H2O. 19. What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and the food for the biosphere? A) chemotrophs B) heterotrophs C) manufacturers D) synthesizers E) autotrophs 20. 33) CO2 enters and O2 escapes from a leaf via A) stomata. B) thylakoids. C) grana. D) stroma. E) central vacuoles. . A) splitting water molecules chemiosmosis the electron transfer system of photosystem I the electron transfer system of photosystem II BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 21. When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update photosystem II to photosystem I C) synthesis of ATP D) reduction of NADP+ 28. In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located? A) thylakoid membrane only B) inner mitochondrial membrane only C) thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane D) thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane 29. In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during . A) photosynthesis only B) respiration only C) photosynthesis and respiration D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 30. In a plant, the reactions that produce molecular oxygen (O2) take place in _. A) the light reactions alone B) the Calvin cycle alone C) the light reactions and the Calvin cycle D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle 31. The light reactions occur in the , while the Calvin cycle occurs in the . A) stroma . . . thylakoid membranes B) stroma . . . nucleus C) cytoplasm . . . stroma D) cytoplasm . . . thylakoid membrane E) thylakoid membranes . . . stroma 32. Where does the Calvin cycle take place? A) stroma of the chloroplast B) thylakoid membrane C) interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space) D) outer membrane of the chloroplast 33. What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update A) use NADPH to release carbon dioxide B) split water and release oxygen C) transport RuBP out of the chloroplast D) synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide 34. Which of the following are produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis? A) glucose, ADP, NADP+ B) glucose, ADP, NADP+, CO2 C) ADP, NADP+, O2 D) ATP, NADPH, O2 E) ATP, NADPH, CO2 35. Which of the following are produced during the Calvin cycle? A) glucose, ADP, NADP+ B) glucose, ADP, NADP+, CO2 C) ADP, NADP+, O2 D) ATP, NADPH, O2 E) ATP, NADPH, CO2 36. Why are most plants green? A) Chlorophyll a reflects green light. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update strategies over the C3 strategy? A) They help the plant conserve water and synthesize glucose efficiently under hot, dry conditions. B) They allow the plant to fix carbon more efficiently under conditions of low atmospheric CO2. C) They allow the plant to fix carbon more efficiently in dim or cool conditions. D) They make it possible for the plant to use the Calvin cycle at night. E) They allow the plant to avoid photorespiration by producing a four- carbon sugar in place of glucose. 41. CAM plants keep stomata closed in the daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they . A) fix CO2 into organic acids during the night B) fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells C) fix CO2 into pyruvate in the mesophyll cells D) use photosystem I and photosystem II at night Cellular Division, Mitosis and Meiosis 42. Asexual reproduction requires individual(s). A) 0 B) 1 Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they are simpler. are circular in structure. include fewer proteins. are copied immediately after cell division. are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update C) 2 D) 3 E) 4 sister chromosomes. DNA transcripts. nucleoli. sister chromatids. The genetic material is duplicated during the mitotic phase. G1. the S phase. G2. mitosis. Which of the following occurs during interphase? a reduction in the size of the nuclear membrane duplication of the chromosomes cytokinesis BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 44. Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called A) chromatin. D) cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes E) separation of newly formed DNA to opposite ends of the cell BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles? A) interphase B) prophase C) metaphase D) anaphase E) telophase • During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form and the nucleoli reappear? A) anaphase B) metaphase C) prophase D) interphase E) telophase • During which stage of meiosis does synapsis and the formation of tetrads occur? A) interphase I B) prophase I C) interphase II D) prophase II E) metaph ase I F) BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called A) mitosis. B) cytokinesis. C) binary fission. D) telophase. E) spindle formation. • A benign tumor differs from a malignant tumor in that a benign tumor A) is cancerous. B) spreads from the original site. C) does not metastasize. D) never causes health problems. E) can only arise in the brain, whereas a malignant tumor can arise anywhere in the body. • Which of the following defines a genome? A) the complete set of an organism's polypeptides B) the complete set of a species' polypeptides C) a karyotype D) the complete set of an organism's genes and other DNA sequences • Asexual reproduction occurs during . A) chromosome exchange between organisms of different species BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update B) meio sis C) mitosis D) fertilization BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update chromosomes C) alignment of chromosomes at the equator D) condensation of chromosomes • Crossing over normally takes place during which of the following processes? A) meios is II B) meiosis I C) mitosis D) mitosis and meiosis II • Homologous pairs of chromosomes align opposite of each other at the equator of a cell during . A) mitosis metaphase B) meiosis metaphase I C) meiosis telophase II D) meiosis metaphase II • When homologous chromosomes cross over, what occurs? A) Two chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA. B) Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update C) Corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are exchanged. D) Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa. : Molecular Biology of the Gene • Which of the following people conducted the experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophages? A) Watson and Crick B) Avery, Hershey and Chase C) Franklin D) Griffith E) Pauling rhinovirus. filovirus. coronavirus. When a T2 bacteriophage infects an Escherichia coli cell, which part of the phage enters the bacterial cytoplasm? the whole phage only the RNA only the DNA the protein "headpiece" and its enclosed nucleic acid the tail fibers The shape of a DNA molecule is most like a set of railroad tracks. a diamond ring. a twisted rope ladder. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • One type of virus that infects bacteria is called a A) phage. B) mage. D) a gold necklace. E) the letter X. • DNA replication BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • A homeotic gene A) turns on the genes necessary for synthesis of proteins. B) serves as a master control gene that functions during embryonic development by controlling the developmental fate of groups of cells. C) represses gene transcription and promotes mRNA translation. D) produces a product that controls the transcription of other genes. E) is found only in adult somatic cells. • Which of the following statements about microarrays is false? A) Microarrays enable scientists to determine the activity of thousands of genes at once. B) Microarrays use tiny portions of double-stranded RNA fragments from a large number of genes. C) Microarrays are used to determine which genes are active in different tissues or in tissues of different states of health. D) Microarrays use fluorescently labeled cDNA molecules to identify particular genes expressed at a particular time. E) Microarrays help scientists understand how genes interact, particularly during embryonic development. • To initiate a signal transduction pathway, a signal binds to a receptor protein usually located in the A) cytosol. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update B) nucleus. C) plasma membrane. D) ER. E) cytoplasm. • Transcription factors attach to A) DNA. B) signal molecules. C) plasma membrane receptors. D) proteins. E) mRNA. • The basis of cellular differentiation is A) the operon. B) cellular specialization. C) selective gene expression. D) cloning. E) mutation. • Which of the following processes occurs when a salamander regenerates a lost limb? A) Oncogenes that cause accelerated cell division are turned on. B) Certain cells in the limb dedifferentiate, divide, and then redifferentiate to form a new limb. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update C) A new salamander develops from the lost limb. D) The homeotic genes of the regenerating cells turn off. E) The cell cycle is arrested and apoptosis begins. • Silencers are sites in DNA that BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5' to 3' direction? A) because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing molecule B) because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 5' end of the growing molecule C) because mRNA can only read a DNA molecule in the 5' to 3' direction D) because the DNA molecule only unwinds in the 5' to 3' direction E) because DNA polymerase requires the addition of a starter nucleotide at the 5' end • The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called A) translation. B) transcription. C) initiation. D) elongation. E) promotion. • Experiments have demonstrated that the "words" of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are A) single nucleotides. B) two-nucleotide sequences. C) three-nucleotide sequences. D) nucleotide sequences of various lengths. E) enzymes. RNA ligase a ribozyme reverse transcriptase tRNA Which of the following occurs when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter DNA? elongation of the growing RNA molecule termination of the RNA molecule addition of nucleotides to the DNA template D) E) initiation of a new polypeptide chain marks the end of a gene and causes transcription to stop. RNA polymerase RNA ligase initiation of a new RNA molecule BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the linking together of RNA nucleotides to form RNA? A) RNA polymerase C) A terminator D) Reverse transcriptase E) Methionine in the in chromatophores in the cell wall BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells? A) on the plasma membrane B) in the nucleus C) conjugation transformation transposition crossing over BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update some of the daughter colonies proved able to cause pneumonia. Which of the following processes of bacterial DNA transfer does this experiment demonstrate? A) transduction BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update How Genes Are Controlled • The fact that the nucleus from an adult somatic cell can be used to create all of the cell types in a new organism demonstrates that development depends upon A) the control of gene expression. B) the timing of mitosis and meiosis. C) the timing of meiosis and cell migrations. D) the deposition of materials in the extracellular matrix. E) the position of cells within an embryo. • The term "gene expression" refers to the A) fact that each individual of a species has a unique set of genes. B) fact that individuals of the same species have different phenotypes. C) process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins. D) fact that certain genes are visible as dark stripes on a chromosome. E) flow of information from parent to offspring. Want to earn $103 per month? 1 Enzyme available with empty active site Active site Substrate (sucrose) Enzymes Substrate binds to enzyme with induced fit Glucose Enzyme (sucrase) Fructose Products are released BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Exam Solution Latest Update Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Cellular CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION ATP ATP ATP Substrate-level Substrate-level Oxidative BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Exam Solution Latest Update Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Cellular BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Exam Solution Latest Update Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best 2 NADH 2 NADH or 2 FADH2 2 NADH MITOCHONDRION 6 NADH 2 FADH2 GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE OXIDATION2 Acetyl CoA CITRIC ACID CYC(LEElectron transport and chemiosmoOXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION Glucose 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 ATP + about 26 or 28 ATP Maximum per glucose: About 30 or 32 ATP Cellular BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Exam Solution Latest Update Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Electron shuttles span membrane CYTOSOL s O2 [CH2O] (sugar) BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Exam Solution Latest Update Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Photosynthesis Summary Light H2O Chloropl ast CO2 NADP+ membranes Photosystem II Thylako id Electron transport chains BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Exam Solution Latest Update Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Exam Solution Latest Update Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Photosystem I ADP + P ma) ATP RuBP CALV IN CYCL E (in stro 3-PGA Stroma NADPH G3P O2