BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Up, Exams of Nursing

Download BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Up and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! is gas exchange . . . produces ATP BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update : Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 1. The term anaerobic means A) without bacteria. B) without ATP. C) without CO2. D) with O2. E) without O2. 2. How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration? A) They produce ATP. B) They produce glucose. C) They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide. D) The energy is coupled to oxygen. E) They store it as thermal energy. 3. Respiration _, and cellular respiration _. A) produces ATP . . . is gas exchange B) C) produces glucose . . . produces oxygen D) uses glucose . . . produces glucose E) produces glucose . . . is gas exchange BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update loss of electrons . . . gain of electrons BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 4. Which of the following are products of cellular respiration? A) oxygen and carbon dioxide B) energy to make ATP and carbon dioxide C) oxygen and glucose D) oxygen and energy to make ATP E) glucose and carbon dioxide 5. Oxidation is the , and reduction is the . A) gain of electrons . . . loss of electrons B) C) loss of oxygen . . . gain of oxygen D) gain of oxygen . . . loss of oxygen E) gain of protons . . . loss of protons 6. Which of the following options lists the stages in cellular respiration in the correct order? A) glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation B) glycolysis, oxidative phosphorylation, and the citric acid cycle C) the citric acid cycle, oxidative phosphorylation, and glycolysis D) oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis, and the citric acid cycle E) oxidative phosphorylation, the citric acid cycle, and glycolysis BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update reactions B) is a series of substitution reactions C) is driven by ATP consumption D) takes place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells 11. The chemiosmotic hypothesis is an important concept in our understanding of cellular metabolism in general because it explains _. A) how ATP is synthesized by a proton motive force B) how electron transport can fuel substrate-level phosphorylation C) the sequence of the electron transport chain molecules D) the reduction of oxygen to water in the final steps of oxidative metabolism 12. Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? A) mitochondrial outer membrane B) mitochondrial inner membrane C) mitochondrial intermembrane space D) mitochondrial matrix 13. Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ into which location in eukaryotic cells? BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update A) mitochondrial outer membrane B) mitochondrial inner membrane C) mitochondrial intermembrane space D) mitochondrial matrix 14. When hydrogen ions are pumped from the mitochondrial matrix across the inner membrane and into the intermembrane space, the result is the _. A) formation of ATP B) reduction of NAD+ C) creation of a proton-motive force D) lowering of pH in the mitochondrial matrix BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 15. Approximately how many molecules of ATP are produced from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose (C6H12O6) in aerobic cellular respiration? A) 2 B) 4 C) 18-24 D) 30-32 16. Which of the following metabolic pathways is common in aerobic and anaerobic metabolism? A) the citric acid cycle B) oxidative phosphorylation C) chemiosmosis D) glycolysis E) electron transport chain 17. In yeast cells, A) lactic acid is produced during anaerobic respiration. B) lactic acid is produced during glycolysis. C) alcohol is produced during the citric acid cycle. D) alcohol is produced after glycolysis. E) glucose is produced during photosynthesis. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 22. In the thylakoid membranes, the pigment molecules in a light-harvesting complex . A) split water and release oxygen from the reaction-center chlorophyll B) absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll C) synthesize ATP from ADP and i D) transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH 23. Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I? A) receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain B) generation of molecular oxygen C) extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water D) passing electrons to the cytochrome complex 24. Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be to . A) determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts B) test for liberation of O2 in the light C) test for CO2 fixation in the dark BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update D) do experiments to generate an action spectrum 25. What are the products of linear electron flow? A) heat and fluorescence B) ATP and P700 C) ATP and NADPH D) ADP and NADP+ 26. As a research scientist, you measure the amount of ATP and NADPH consumed by the Calvin cycle in 1 hour. You find that 30,000 molecules of ATP were consumed, but only 20,000 molecules of NADPH were consumed. Where did the extra ATP molecules come from? A) photosystem II B) photosystem I C) cyclic electron flow D) linear electron flow 27. Assume a thylakoid is somehow punctured so that the interior of the thylakoid is no longer separated from the stroma. This damage will most directly affect the . A) splitting of water B) flow of electrons from BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update photosystem II to photosystem I C) synthesis of ATP D) reduction of NADP+ 28. In a plant cell, where are the ATP synthase complexes located? A) thylakoid membrane only B) inner mitochondrial membrane only C) thylakoid membrane and inner mitochondrial membrane D) thylakoid membrane and plasma membrane 29. In photosynthetic cells, synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during . A) photosynthesis only B) respiration only C) photosynthesis and respiration D) neither photosynthesis nor respiration BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update B) Chlorophyll a absorbs green light. C) Chlorophyll b primarily uses green light as the source of energy for photosynthesis. D) Green helps plants blend into their environment as a sort of camouflage. E) All photosynthetic pigments are colored green. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 37. The energy that excites P680 and P700 is supplied by A) electrons passing down the electron transport chain. B) the breaking of glucose bonds. C) ATP. D) photons. E) NADPH. 38. Mitochondria transfer energy from to ATP; chloroplasts transform _ energy into the chemical energy of ATP. A) chemical . . . food . . . light B) food . . . light . . . chemical C) light . . . food . . . kinetic D) nuclear . . . light . . . food E) food . . . light . . . nuclear 39. Plant cells A) lack mitochondria and chloroplasts. B) lack mitochondria but have chloroplasts. C) have mitochondria but do not have chloroplasts. D) have mitochondria and chloroplasts. E) have chloroplasts and vestigial mitochondria. 40. What is the main adaptive advantage of the C4 and CAM photosynthesis BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update strategies over the C3 strategy? A) They help the plant conserve water and synthesize glucose efficiently under hot, dry conditions. B) They allow the plant to fix carbon more efficiently under conditions of low atmospheric CO2. C) They allow the plant to fix carbon more efficiently in dim or cool conditions. D) They make it possible for the plant to use the Calvin cycle at night. E) They allow the plant to avoid photorespiration by producing a four- carbon sugar in place of glucose. 41. CAM plants keep stomata closed in the daytime, thus reducing loss of water. They can do this because they . A) fix CO2 into organic acids during the night B) fix CO2 into sugars in the bundle-sheath cells C) fix CO2 into pyruvate in the mesophyll cells D) use photosystem I and photosystem II at night Cellular Division, Mitosis and Meiosis 42. Asexual reproduction requires individual(s). A) 0 B) 1 BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 1. The out of control of any cell during cell division result in a process known as A) Metastasis B) Apopt osis C) Cancer D) Cell differentiation E) Dysplasia 2. What means the term Apoptosis? A) Angiogenesis B) Programmed Cell death C) Carcinogenesis D) Cell differentiation E) Natural Cell Killer 3. What process occurs when cancer cells detach from tumors and spread to other parts of the body? A) Metastasis B) Angiogenesis C) Carcinogenesis D) Mutagenesis  The phase of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope fragments and the BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update nucleoli disappear is called A) interphase. B) prophase. C) metaphase. D) anaphase. E) telophase. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update  During which phase of mitosis do the chromosomes line up on a plane equidistant from the two spindle poles? A) interphase B) prophase C) metaphase D) anaphase E) telophase  During which phase of mitosis does the nuclear envelope re-form and the nucleoli reappear? A) anaphase B) metaphase C) prophase D) interphase E) telophase  During which stage of meiosis does synapsis and the formation of tetrads occur? A) interphase I B) prophase I C) interphase II D) prophase II E) metaph ase I F) BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update  If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state? A) DNA replication B) reverse transcription C) synapsis D) fertilization  The human X and Y chromosomes . A) are both present in every somatic cell of males and females B) are the same size and have the same number of genes C) include genes that determine an individual's sex D) are called autosomes  Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I? A) Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other. B) The chromosome number per cell remains the same. C) Sister chromatids are separated. D) Four daughter cells are formed.  Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? A) chromosome replication B) synapsis of BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update chromosomes C) alignment of chromosomes at the equator D) condensation of chromosomes  Crossing over normally takes place during which of the following processes? A) meios is II B) meiosis I C) mitosis D) mitosis and meiosis II  Homologous pairs of chromosomes align opposite of each other at the equator of a cell during . A) mitosis metaphase B) meiosis metaphase I C) meiosis telophase II D) meiosis metaphase II  When homologous chromosomes cross over, what occurs? A) Two chromatids get tangled, resulting in one re-sequencing its DNA. B) Two sister chromatids exchange identical pieces of DNA. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update C) Corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are exchanged. D) Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa. : Molecular Biology of the Gene  Which of the following people conducted the experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophages? A) Watson and Crick B) Avery, Hershey and Chase C) Franklin D) Griffith E) Pauling BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update  Proteins that bind to DNA and turn on operons by making it easier for RNA polymerase to bind to a promoter are called A) regulators. B) inhibitors. C) operators. D) activators. E) repressors.  In female mammals, the inactive X chromosome in each cell A) becomes a nucleotroph corpus. B) can be activated if mutations occur in the active X chromosome. C) is broken down, and its nucleotides are degraded and reused. D) is absorbed and used in energy production. E) becomes a Barr body.  Small pieces of RNA that can regulate mRNA transcription are called A) microRNA. B) minuteRNA. C) miniRNA. D) monoRNA. E) minorRNA. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update  A homeotic gene A) turns on the genes necessary for synthesis of proteins. B) serves as a master control gene that functions during embryonic development by controlling the developmental fate of groups of cells. C) represses gene transcription and promotes mRNA translation. D) produces a product that controls the transcription of other genes. E) is found only in adult somatic cells.  Which of the following statements about microarrays is false? A) Microarrays enable scientists to determine the activity of thousands of genes at once. B) Microarrays use tiny portions of double-stranded RNA fragments from a large number of genes. C) Microarrays are used to determine which genes are active in different tissues or in tissues of different states of health. D) Microarrays use fluorescently labeled cDNA molecules to identify particular genes expressed at a particular time. E) Microarrays help scientists understand how genes interact, particularly during embryonic development.  To initiate a signal transduction pathway, a signal binds to a receptor protein usually located in the A) cytosol. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update B) nucleus. C) plasma membrane. D) ER. E) cytoplasm.  Transcription factors attach to A) DNA. B) signal molecules. C) plasma membrane receptors. D) proteins. E) mRNA.  The basis of cellular differentiation is A) the operon. B) cellular specialization. C) selective gene expression. D) cloning. E) mutation.  Which of the following processes occurs when a salamander regenerates a lost limb? A) Oncogenes that cause accelerated cell division are turned on. B) Certain cells in the limb dedifferentiate, divide, and then redifferentiate to form a new limb. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update A) bind RNA promoters to promote the start of transcription. B) bind enhancers to promote the start of transcription. C) bind repressor proteins to inhibit the start of transcription. D) bind activators to inhibit the start of transcription. E) release mRNA.  RNA splicing involves the A) addition of a nucleotide "cap" to the molecule. B) addition of a nucleotide "tail" to the molecule. C) removal of introns from the molecule. D) removal of exons from the molecule. E) addition of introns to the molecule.  The coding regions of a gene (the portions that are expressed as polypeptide sequences) are called A) introns. B) exons. C) redundant coding sections. D) proto-oncogenes. E) nucleosomes.  Which of the following permits a single gene to code for more than one polypeptide? A) retention of different introns in the final version of the different BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update mRNA strands B) alternative RNA splicing C) protein degradation D) genetic differentiation E) addition of different types of caps and tails to the final version of the mRNA strands  When one DNA molecule is copied to make two DNA molecules, the new DNA contains A) none of the parent DNA. B) 25% of the parent DNA. C) 50% of the parent DNA. D) 75% of the parent DNA. E) 100% of the parent DNA  Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the elongation of a new DNA strand? A) helicase B) primase C) ligase D) single-stranded binding protein E) DNA polymerase BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update  Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5' to 3' direction? A) because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing molecule B) because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 5' end of the growing molecule C) because mRNA can only read a DNA molecule in the 5' to 3' direction D) because the DNA molecule only unwinds in the 5' to 3' direction E) because DNA polymerase requires the addition of a starter nucleotide at the 5' end  The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called A) translation. B) transcription. C) initiation. D) elongation. E) promotion.  Experiments have demonstrated that the "words" of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are A) single nucleotides. B) two-nucleotide sequences. C) three-nucleotide sequences. D) nucleotide sequences of various lengths. E) enzymes. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update  Which of the following takes place during translation? A) the conversion of genetic information from the language of nucleic acids to the language of amino acids B) the conversion of genetic information from DNA nucleotides into RNA nucleotides C) the addition of nucleotides to a DNA template D) the conversion of genetic information from the language of proteins to the language of enzymes E) DNA replication  Which of the following options most accurately lists the sequence of events in translation? A) codon recognition → translocation → peptide bond formation → termination B) peptide bond formation → codon recognition → translocation → termination C) codon recognition → peptide bond formation → translocation → termination D) codon recognition → peptide bond formation → termination → translocation E) peptide bond formation → translocation → codon recognition → termination  Any change in the nucleotide sequence of DNA is called BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update A) a mutation. B) an advantage. C) a codon. D) a translation. E) an anticodon.  What kind of virus is HIV? A) a herpesvirus B) a paramyxovirus C) a retrovirus D) a complex virus E) a provirus  Which of the following enzymes does HIV use to synthesize DNA on an RNA template? A) ligase B) RNA polymerase C) terminator enzyme D) reverse transcriptase E) DNA convertase  In the 1920s, Frederick Griffith conducted an experiment in which he mixed the dead cells of a bacterial strain that can cause pneumonia with live cells of a bacterial strain that cannot. When he cultured the live cells, BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update some of the daughter colonies proved able to cause pneumonia. Which of the following processes of bacterial DNA transfer does this experiment demonstrate? A) transduction B) conjugation C) transformation D) transposition E) crossing over BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 3 Sub strat e is con vert ed to prod ucts BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update Cellular Respiration Electrons via NADH Electrons via NADH and FADH2 GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE OXIDATION CITRIC OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION Glucose Pyruvate Acetyl CoA ACID CYCLE BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update Cellular Respiration(Electron transport and che miosmosis) CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION ATP ATP ATP Substrate-level Substrate-level Oxidative BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update Photosynthesis H2O CO 2 Light Chloroplast LIGHT REACTIONS NADP ADP ATP NADPH CALVIN CYCLE BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update O 2 [CH2O] (sugar) BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update Photosynthesis Summary Light H2O Chloropl ast CO2 NADP+ Thylako id membranes Photosystem II Electron transport chains BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update Cell Cycle BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update