BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Upd, Exams of Nursing

Download BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Upd and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update without ATP. without CO2. with O2. without O2. How do cells capture the energy released by cellular respiration? They produce ATP. They produce glucose. They store it in molecules of carbon dioxide. The energy is coupled to oxygen. They store it as thermal energy. Respiration_, and cellular respiration_. A) produces ATP . . . is gas exchange B) C) produces glucose . . . produces oxygenis gas exchang . . . produces ATP : Cellular Respiration and Fermentation 1. The term anaerobic means A) without bacteria. 2. 3. D) uses glucose . . . produces glucose E) produces glucose . . . is gas exchange BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 8. Following glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but before the electron transport chain and oxidative phosphorylation, the carbon skeleton of glucose has been broken down to CO2 with some net gain of ATP. Most of the energy from the original glucose molecule at that point in the process, however, is in the form of _. A) acetyl-CoA B) glucose C) py ruvate D) NADH 9. Which electron carrier(s) function in the citric acid cycle? A) NAD+ only B) NADH and FADH2 C) the electron transport chain D) ADP and ATP 10. The electron transport chain BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update _. A) is a series of redox reactions B) is a series of substitution reactions C) is driven by ATP consumption D) takes place in the cytoplasm of prokaryotic cells 11. The chemiosmotic hypothesis is an important concept in our understanding of cellular metabolism in general because it explains _. A) how ATP is synthesized by a proton motive force B) how electron transport can fuel substrate-level phosphorylation C) the sequence of the electron transport chain molecules D) the reduction of oxygen to water in the final steps of oxidative metabolism 12. Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? A) mitochondrial outer membrane B) mitochondrial inner membrane C) mitochondrial intermembrane space D) mitochondrial matrix 13. Energy released by the electron transport chain is used to pump H+ BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update Photosynthesis 18. The summary equation for photosynthesis is A) 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + sunlight → C6H12O6 + 6 O2. B) C5H12O6 + 6 O2 + sunlight → 5 CO2 + 6 H2O. C) C6H12O6 + 6 O2 + sunlight → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O. D) the same as the equation for glycolysis written in reverse. E) 6 CH2O + 5 O2 + sunlight → CO2 + 2 H2O. 19. What is the name given to organisms that can make their own food and the food for the biosphere? A) chemotrophs B) heterotrophs C) manufacturers D) synthesizers E) autotrophs 20. 33) CO2 enters and O2 escapes from a leaf via A) stomata. B) thylakoids. C) grana. D) stroma. E) central vacuoles. . A) splitting water molecules chemiosmosis the electron transfer system of photosystem I the electron transfer system of photosystem II BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 21. When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a direct by-product of BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 22. In the thylakoid membranes, the pigment molecules in a light- harvesting complex . A) split water and release oxygen from the reaction-center chlorophyll B) absorb and transfer light energy to the reaction-center chlorophyll C) synthesize ATP from ADP and i D) transfer electrons to ferredoxin and then NADPH 23. Which of the following are directly associated with photosystem I? A) receiving electrons from the thylakoid membrane electron transport chain B) generation of molecular oxygen C) extraction of hydrogen electrons from the splitting of water D) passing electrons to the cytochrome complex 24. Some photosynthetic organisms contain chloroplasts that lack photosystem II, yet are able to survive. The best way to detect the lack of photosystem II in these organisms would be to . A) determine if they have thylakoids in the chloroplasts B) test for liberation of O2 in the light C) test for CO2 fixation in the dark BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 30. In a plant, the reactions that produce molecular oxygen (O2) take place in _. A) the light reactions alone B) the Calvin cycle alone C) the light reactions and the Calvin cycle D) neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle 31. The light reactions occur in the , while the Calvin cycle occurs in the . A) stroma . . . thylakoid membranes B) stroma . . . nucleus C) cytoplasm . . . stroma D) cytoplasm . . . thylakoid membrane E) thylakoid membranes . . . stroma 32. Where does the Calvin cycle take place? A) stroma of the chloroplast B) thylakoid membrane C) interior of the thylakoid (thylakoid space) D) outer membrane of the chloroplast 33. What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update A) use NADPH to release carbon dioxide B) split water and release oxygen C) transport RuBP out of the chloroplast D) synthesize simple sugars from carbon dioxide 34. Which of the following are produced during the light reactions of photosynthesis? A) glucose, ADP, NADP+ B) glucose, ADP, NADP+, CO2 C) ADP, NADP+, O2 D) ATP, NADPH, O2 E) ATP, NADPH, CO2 35. Which of the following are produced during the Calvin cycle? A) glucose, ADP, NADP+ B) glucose, ADP, NADP+, CO2 C) ADP, NADP+, O2 D) ATP, NADPH, O2 E) ATP, NADPH, CO2 36. Why are most plants green? A) Chlorophyll a reflects green light. camouflage. E) All photosynthetic pigments are colored green. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update B) Chlorophyll a absorbs green light. C) Chlorophyll b primarily uses green light as the source of energy for photosynthesis. D) Green helps plants blend into their environment as a sort of Eukaryotic chromosomes differ from prokaryotic chromosomes in that they are simpler. are circular in structure. include fewer proteins. are copied immediately after cell division. are housed in a membrane-enclosed nucleus. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update C) 2 D) 3 E) 4 sister chromosomes. DNA transcripts. nucleoli. sister chromatids. The genetic material is duplicated during the mitotic phase. G1. the S phase. G2. mitosis. Which of the following occurs during interphase? a reduction in the size of the nuclear membrane duplication of the chromosomes cytokinesis BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 44. Prior to mitosis, each chromosome of a eukaryotic cell consists of a pair of identical structures called A) chromatin. D) cell growth and duplication of the chromosomes E) separation of newly formed DNA to opposite ends of the cell BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update 1. The out of control of any cell during cell division result in a process known as A) Metastasis B) Apopt osis C) Cancer D) Cell differentiation E) Dysplasia 2. What means the term Apoptosis? A) Angiogenesis B) Programmed Cell death C) Carcinogenesis D) Cell differentiation E) Natural Cell Killer 3. What process occurs when cancer cells detach from tumors and spread to other parts of the body? A) Metastasis B) Angiogenesis C) Carcinogenesis D) Mutagenesis • The phase of mitosis during which the nuclear envelope fragments and the BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • The process by which the cytoplasm of a eukaryotic cell divides to produce two cells is called A) mitosis. B) cytokinesis. C) binary fission. D) telophase. E) spindle formation. • A benign tumor differs from a malignant tumor in that a benign tumor A) is cancerous. B) spreads from the original site. C) does not metastasize. D) never causes health problems. E) can only arise in the brain, whereas a malignant tumor can arise anywhere in the body. • Which of the following defines a genome? A) the complete set of an organism's polypeptides B) the complete set of a species' polypeptides C) a karyotype D) the complete set of an organism's genes and other DNA sequences • Asexual reproduction occurs during . A) chromosome exchange between organisms of different species BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update B) meio sis C) mitosis D) fertilization BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • If meiosis produces haploid cells, how is the diploid number restored for those organisms that spend most of their life cycle in the diploid state? A) DNA replication B) reverse transcription C) synapsis D) fertilization • The human X and Y chromosomes . A) are both present in every somatic cell of males and females B) are the same size and have the same number of genes C) include genes that determine an individual's sex D) are called autosomes • Which of the following happens at the conclusion of meiosis I? A) Homologous chromosomes of a pair are separated from each other. B) The chromosome number per cell remains the same. C) Sister chromatids are separated. D) Four daughter cells are formed. • Which of the following occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis? A) chromosome replication B) BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update C) Corresponding segments of non-sister chromatids are exchanged. D) Maternal alleles are "corrected" to be like paternal alleles and vice versa. : Molecular Biology of the Gene • Which of the following people conducted the experiments that demonstrated that DNA is the genetic material of bacteriophages? A) Watson and Crick B) Avery, Hershey and Chase C) Franklin D) Griffith E) Pauling rhinovirus. filovirus. coronavirus. When a T2 bacteriophage infects an Escherichia coli cell, which part of the phage enters the bacterial cytoplasm? the whole phage only the RNA only the DNA the protein "headpiece" and its enclosed nucleic acid the tail fibers The shape of a DNA molecule is most like a set of railroad tracks. a diamond ring. a twisted rope ladder. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • One type of virus that infects bacteria is called a A) phage. B) mage. D) a gold necklace. E) the letter X. • DNA replication BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update A) occurs through the addition of nucleotides to the end of the DNA molecule. B) results in the formation of four new DNA strands. C) produces two daughter DNA molecules that are complementary to each other. D) uses each strand of a DNA molecule as a template for the creation of a new strand. E) begins when two DNA molecules join together to exchange segments. • If one strand of DNA is CGGTAC, the corresponding strand would be A) GCCTAG. B) CGGTAC. C) GCCAUC. D) TAACGT. E) GCCATG. • In a prokaryote, a group of genes with related functions, along with their associated control sequences, defines A) an allele. B) an operon. C) a locus. D) a transposon. E) a chromosome. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update B) nucleus. C) plasma membrane. D) ER. E) cytoplasm. • Transcription factors attach to A) DNA. B) signal molecules. C) plasma membrane receptors. D) proteins. E) mRNA. • The basis of cellular differentiation is A) the operon. B) cellular specialization. C) selective gene expression. D) cloning. E) mutation. • Which of the following processes occurs when a salamander regenerates a lost limb? A) Oncogenes that cause accelerated cell division are turned on. B) Certain cells in the limb dedifferentiate, divide, and then redifferentiate to form a new limb. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update C) A new salamander develops from the lost limb. D) The homeotic genes of the regenerating cells turn off. E) The cell cycle is arrested and apoptosis begins. • The cloning of Dolly the sheep A) demonstrated that the nuclei from differentiated mammalian cells can retain their full genetic potential. B) demonstrated that differentiated cells contain only a fraction of their full genetic potential. C) demonstrated, for the first time, that eggs are haploid and body cells are diploid. D) revealed that cloned mammals most resemble the egg donor. E) revealed that cloned mammals most resemble the sperm donor. BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • Cloning to produce embryonic stem cells is called A) regenerative cloning. B) transplantational cloning. C) reproductive cloning. D) therapeutic cloning. E) dedifferentiation. • Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells use to turn certain genes on or off. A) DNA ligase B) RNA transcriptase C) intron segments D) regulatory proteins E) nucleosome packing • Enhancers are A) adjacent to the gene that they regulate. B) required to turn on gene expression when transcription factors are in short supply. C) the site on DNA to which activators bind. D) required to facilitate the binding of DNA polymerases. E) the products of transcription factors. • Silencers are sites in DNA that BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • Why does a DNA strand grow only in the 5' to 3' direction? A) because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 3' end of the growing molecule B) because DNA polymerases can only add nucleotides to the 5' end of the growing molecule C) because mRNA can only read a DNA molecule in the 5' to 3' direction D) because the DNA molecule only unwinds in the 5' to 3' direction E) because DNA polymerase requires the addition of a starter nucleotide at the 5' end • The transfer of genetic information from DNA to RNA is called A) translation. B) transcription. C) initiation. D) elongation. E) promotion. • Experiments have demonstrated that the "words" of the genetic code (the units that specify amino acids) are A) single nucleotides. B) two-nucleotide sequences. C) three-nucleotide sequences. D) nucleotide sequences of various lengths. E) enzymes. RNA ligase a ribozyme reverse transcriptase tRNA Which of the following occurs when RNA polymerase attaches to the promoter DNA? elongation of the growing RNA molecule termination of the RNA molecule addition of nucleotides to the DNA template D) E) initiation of a new polypeptide chain marks the end of a gene and causes transcription to stop. RNA polymerase RNA ligase initiation of a new RNA molecule BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • Which of the following enzymes catalyzes the linking together of RNA nucleotides to form RNA? A) RNA polymerase C) A terminator D) Reverse transcriptase E) Methionine the cytoplasm in chromatophores in the cell wall BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update • Where do transcription and translation occur in prokaryotic cells? A) on the plasma membrane B) in the nucleus C) conjugation transformation transposition crossing over BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update some of the daughter colonies proved able to cause pneumonia. Which of the following processes of bacterial DNA transfer does this experiment demonstrate? A) transduction BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Exam Solution Latest Update How Genes Are Controlled • The fact that the nucleus from an adult somatic cell can be used to create all of the cell types in a new organism demonstrates that development depends upon A) the control of gene expression. B) the timing of mitosis and meiosis. C) the timing of meiosis and cell migrations. D) the deposition of materials in the extracellular matrix. E) the position of cells within an embryo. • The term "gene expression" refers to the A) fact that each individual of a species has a unique set of genes. B) fact that individuals of the same species have different phenotypes. C) process by which genetic information flows from genes to proteins. D) fact that certain genes are visible as dark stripes on a chromosome. E) flow of information from parent to offspring. Want to earn $103 per month? 1 Enzyme available with empty active site Active site Substrate (sucrose) Enzymes Substrate binds to enzyme with induced fit Glucose Enzyme (sucrase) Fructose Products are released BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Exam Solution Latest Update Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Cellular CYTOSOL MITOCHONDRION ATP ATP ATP Substrate-level Substrate-level Oxidative BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Exam Solution Latest Update Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Cellular BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Exam Solution Latest Update Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Cellular Study Guide Final Exam Q &As BestBSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Exam Solution Latest Update 2 NADH 2 NADH or 2 FADH2 2 NADH MITOCHONDRION 6 NADH 2 FADH2 GLYCOLYSIS PYRUVATE OXIDATION 2 Acetyl CoA CITRIC ACID CYC(LEElectron transport and chemiosmo OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION Glucose 2 Pyruvate + 2 ATP + 2 ATP + about 26 or 28 ATP Maximum per glucose: About 30 or 32 ATP Electron shuttles span membrane CYTOSOL s O 2 [CH2O] (sugar) BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Exam Solution Latest Update Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Photosynthesis Summary Light H2O Chloropl ast CO2 NADP+ membranes Photosystem II Thylako id Electron transport chains BSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Exam Solution Latest Update Study Guide Final Exam Q &As Best Study Guide Final Exam Q &As BestBSC 1005 GENERAL BIOLOGY EXAM 2 Exam Solution Latest Update Photosystem I ADP + P ma) ATP RuBP CALV IN CYCL E (in stro 3-PGA Stroma NADPH G3P O2