Buddhist Philosophy and Terminology: Emptiness, Truths, Yogacara, and Mahayana Traditions, Quizzes of Political Science

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TERM 1 great vehicle (mahayana) DEFINITION 1 second movement that had greater lay emphasis more suited to the householder-bodhivistta enlightenment being ideal-had laborate cosmologies-developed primarily in north and east asia- their main thing is they focus on bodhivistta ideal to help the rest attain enlightenment-there can be infinite # of bodhivistta trying to attain buddhahood in different realms TERM 2 three buddha bodies(tri kaya) DEFINITION 2 1.truth body(dharmakaya)- embodies the principle of enlightenment with no limits. the buddha speaks the truth of the teachings. the dharma body= the truth body=budha is truth2.enjoyment body(sambhagakaya)- blissful manifestation made of light. buddha can now appear to you and convey the truth3.emanation body (nirmankaya)-exists in time and space. takes human form so people can believe him TERM 3 bodhisattva DEFINITION 3 one who is intent on bodhi (enlightenment)-anyone who has taken a vow to become a buddha and in meantime assist others attain their goal specifically guatama attained enlightenment TERM 4 madhayamaka (middle way school) DEFINITION 4 -narajuna funds this school based on emptiness cortices in perfections of wisdom scriptures-teachings come from the naga realm-external and internal phenomena are empty of their own being TERM 5 2 truths DEFINITION 5 answers how can something be possible if it has no identity by narajuna1.relative (samuriti) nothing really exits2.ultimate (paramatha)-things exist relatively but not ultimately (the middle way) TERM 6 yogarca (yoga practice school) DEFINITION 6 with madhyama it is the second main philosophical traditions of mahayana buddhism.-founded by asagna and vasubandhu-emphasized the role of meditation to gain freedom from suffering TERM 7 3 natures (tri svhabhava) DEFINITION 7 -a way to move from illusion to ultimate reality1.imagines (parikapita)- the tottaly false sense of object subject duality(common sense perception of things having their own essences2.other dependent(paratantra)- level of reality in which flow changing mental events arise dependent on each other- conditioned arising3.perfected(parinispanna) -free of subject object duality the absence of emptiness-proposed by yoga cara as and alternative to the 2 truths TERM 8 Maitreya DEFINITION 8 -name means the friendly one.regarded as the future successor to sakyumi and will appear on earth when buddhism has disappeared to teach the dharma and demonstrate the buddhist path TERM 9 avalokitesvara DEFINITION 9 Avalokitevara is a bodhisattva who embodies the compassion of all Buddhas.-looks down at the world with compassion- known as the goddess of mercy-always ready to assist suffering beings-originnaly a he then a herin china she is guanyin nd in japan kannon TERM 10 amhitabha DEFINITION 10 buddha of salvation-very popular celestial buddha in east asia-beings who recite his name will automatically be reborn in his blissful pure land-established pure land in the west for celestial beings TERM 21 mudra DEFINITION 21 literally a seal hand gesture with esoteric significance depicted iconographically or used in vajrayana ritual. TERM 22 giving generosity(dana) DEFINITION 22 the practice of giving of making donations especially to the sangha one of the principal ways of making merit TERM 23 lesser inferior vehicle (hinayana) DEFINITION 23 old teaching also known as therevada-buddha was perceived as a human being who has overcome the problems which means we can do it-focouses on monastic idealits core teachings-the 4 noble truths` TERM 24 buddha nature(tathagata garbha) DEFINITION 24 all beingshave capacity to become a buddha-critical of the negative doctrines of emptiness TERM 25 dharma truth body( dharma kaya) DEFINITION 25 the dharma body is basically the truth body and the buddha is truth and reality TERM 26 emptiness (sunyata) DEFINITION 26 emptiness implies groundlessness of phenomena and all concepts including buddhist doctrine-emptiness sometimes called ground of being-like dreams things are neither substantial existent not absolutely non existent-things idea exist relative to other things and samsara and nirvana both empty of own being TERM 27 mind only (cita matra) DEFINITION 27 -emphasizes fundamental role of consciousness in experience of reality-absolute mode of reality is consciousness in experience of reality-unlike madhayamaka it asserts the reality of the consciousness by which subjective and objective phenomenal exoticness are fabricated-this consciousness does not exist in the ultimate sense-consiousness not substantial all existence created by your ow consciousness, not really real TERM 28 thought of enlightenment(awakening mind) (bodhicitta) DEFINITION 28 when the bodhivista develops yearning to be enlightened for all sentient beings-the aspiration for and the actual practice leading to enlightenment TERM 29 six perfections( paramita) DEFINITION 29 in order to get the 2 accumulations (of merit and wisdom) bodhisattvas practice these1.genorosity2.morality/ethics(sila)3.patience tolerance4striving efforrt5.meditation6.wisdom-important for bodhisava to perfect them. TERM 30 perfection of wisdom (prajna paramita) DEFINITION 30 with new ideologies came these new scriptures, earliest of which was the perfection of wisdom-contains critique of non mahayanan buddhism-praises qualities of bodhivastas especially perfect wisdom that dress from all attachment- dramtacially portrays doctrine of emptiness against abhidarma view TERM 31 heart sutra DEFINITION 31 The Heart Stra is a famous stra in Mahyna Buddhism. Its Sanskrit title, ', literally means "The Heart of the Perfection of Transcendent Wisdom." The Heart Stra is often cited as the best-known and most popular Buddhist scripture of all.- form is emptiness and emptiness is form and form does not differ from emptiness and emptiness does not differ from form TERM 32 nagarjuna- DEFINITION 32 founded madhyamaka school based on emptiness doctrine in the perfection of wisdom scriptures-he critiques of realist philosophy of handy and abhidarma schools-identifies emptiness with conditioned arising TERM 33 asanga DEFINITION 33 founded yogarca a main tradition of mahayana buddhismAsaga was a major exponent of the Yogcra tradition in India, also called Vijnavda.(mind only) TERM 34 storehouse consciousness (alaya vinaya) DEFINITION 34 underlying unconsiouss level of mind with no purposeful activity-alaya is basis of active consciousness-ones perception of the world is the unconscious mind-what we perceive is related to out nature which is related to previous karma TERM 35 stupa DEFINITION 35 a focus of devotion-relinquary mounds found throughout buddhist asia-can be small or big-thought to posses special blessingswsd TERM 46 dakini DEFINITION 46 In Tibetan Buddhism, khandroma is a type of female spirit.who feeds on human flesh\occur most notably inVajrayanaBuddhism and play a particular role inTibetan Buddhism.Dakinis are energetic beings in female form, evocative of the movement of energy in space. TERM 47 initation (abhiseka) DEFINITION 47 conducted by priests, by pouring libations on the image of the deity being worshipped, amidst the chanting ofmantrasAbhisheka is the name given to a late Vedic rite of anointing government officials, particularly heads of state, at the time of their taking power or to mark a signal achievement. It is also the bathing ceremony and anointing performed on certain festival days for the temple deities. TERM 48 other dependent nature (paratantra- svabhava) DEFINITION 48 the form arising under certain conditions), the real form of phenomenal existence free from verbal expression; the world of dependent origination (pratitya-samutpada). TERM 49 absolute ultimate truth(paramartha satya) DEFINITION 49 Theultimatelevel ofTruthorrealitywhich denotes directexperiencedevoid of an overlay ofconceptualization, and stands in contrast to relative Truthwhich describes the ultimate reality assunyata, empty of concrete and inherent characteristics. TERM 50 compassion (karuna) DEFINITION 50 ForTheravdaBuddhists, dwelling in karu is a means for attaining a happy present life and heavenly rebirth. ForMahynaBuddhists, karu is a co-requisite for becoming aBodhisattva.Compassion is that which makes the heart of the good move at the pain of others. It crushes and destroys the pain of others; thus, it is called compassion. It is called compassion because it shelters and embraces the distressed.- The Buddha.[2] TERM 51 consciousness school (vijnana vada) DEFINITION 51 also known as yogacara-explains how our human experience is constructed by mind.oneofthemaintraditionsofMahayanaBuddhism;holdsthatthemindisrealbutthatobjectsarejustideasorstatesofconsciousness- school founded by sang and vasabadu emphasized meditation to gain freedom from suffering and emphasized mind only TERM 52 emanation body( nirmanakaya) DEFINITION 52 In the Mahayana teaching oftrikaya, a buddha is said to exist in three bodies -- thedharmakaya,sambhogakaya, and nirmanakaya.The nirmanakaya is the earthly, physical body of a buddha, which manifests in the world to teach the dharma and bring all beings to enlightenment.The nirmanakaya body is subject to sickness, old age and death like any other living being. TERM 53 karma mudra(partner) DEFINITION 53 is avajrayanabuddhist technique of sexual practice with a physical or visualized consort. When the consort is a visualised one they are known as the jnanamudra. [1]According to most Tibetan Buddhist teachers, karmamudra is necessary in order to attain enlightenment in this lifetime TERM 54 vehicle of solitary buddha (pratyekabuddha) DEFINITION 54 literally "a lonebuddha", "a buddha on their own" or "a private buddha", is one of three types ofenlightenedbeings according to some schools ofBuddhism.are said to achieve enlightenment on their own, without the use of teachers or guides, according to some traditions by contemplating the principle ofdependent origination. TERM 55 yoga tantra DEFINITION 55 Yoga tantra is so named because it emphasizes the inner yoga meditation of method and wisdom; or alternatively, because based on knowledge and understanding of all aspects of the profound ultimate truth and the vast relative truth, it emphasizes contemplation that inseparably unites these two truths."[ TERM 56 cakra DEFINITION 56 are energy points or knots in thesubtle body. Chakras are part of the subtle body, not the physical body, and as such are the meeting points of the subtle (non-physical) energy channels, called nadiis. TERM 57 skillful means (upaya) DEFINITION 57 term used inMahayanaBuddhismto refer to an aspect of guidance along theBuddhist Paths to liberationemphasizing that practitioners may use their own specific methods or techniques that fit the situation in order to gainenlightenment.-mahayana method even if technique not completely true still okay towardsenlightenment TERM 58 siddha (maha) DEFINITION 58 is a term for someone who embodies and cultivates the "siddhiof perfection".is type ofyogiimportant inTantra.The Mahasiddhas are actual people who lived in the past who had magical powers because of their spiritual practice. A mahasiddha is abodhisattva, someone who can enternirvanawhenever they want, but instead choose to stay insamsarato help others. TERM 59 yoga DEFINITION 59 practice or discipline, that aims to transform body and mind. The term denotes a variety of schools, practices and goals[ TERM 60 one gone thus (tathagata) DEFINITION 60 The term is often thought to mean either "one who has thus gone" (tath-gata) or "one who has thus come" (tath-gata). This is interpreted as signifying that the Tathgata is beyond all coming and going beyond alltransitory phenomena-term buddha uses to referr to himself TERM 71 accomplished perfected nature(parinispanna svabhava) DEFINITION 71 perfected nature: realized when the former is absolutely devoid of the later.the "nature which is established in reality. TERM 72 8 conciousness DEFINITION 72 is a classification developed in the tradition of the Yogacara school of Buddhism. They enumerate the five senses, supplemented by the mind, defilements of the mind, and finally the fundamentalstore-house consciousness, which is the basis of the other seven.0first seven superficial and disturbances of store house-store house contains karma nd emotions TERM 73 unexcelled yoga tantra(annutra yoga tantra) DEFINITION 73 Highest Yoga Tantrahe practice of Anuttarayoga Tantra in theVajrayanatradition of Buddhism is characterized by the requirement ofempowermentfrom a qualified guru, usually alama TERM 74 enjoyment body DEFINITION 74 this is the mind body its a full manifestation of light-blissfulta TERM 75 visualization DEFINITION 75 practice emphasized in tantric buddhism that involves picturing images in your mind to attain enlightenment