Business studies class 12th notes best explanation of all chapters, Cheat Sheet of Business

Download Business studies class 12th notes best explanation of all chapters and more Cheat Sheet Business in PDF only on Docsity! TAGORE PUBLIC SCHOOL, NARAINA VIHAR CHAPTER -2 PRINCIPLE OF MANAGEMENT Qi. Write the meaning of principles of management. Ans. A principle refers toa Statement which reflects the fundamental truth about some phenomenon based on cause and effect relationship. Management principles are broad and general guidelines for decision making and behaviour of Rl managers, 5 | Management principles are flexible and can be applied with creativity. These are technical in nature. These are formed by observation and experiments. Q2, Explain the nature / features / characteristics of management principles in brief. Ans. The main features of management principles are given below : 1. Universal Application (Perva e) : The Principles of management are universal in nature that means they can be applied to all types of organisations irrespective of their size and nature. Business as well as non business smal as well as large public sector as well as private Sector 2. General guidelines : Management principles are guidelines to actions but these principles do not provide readymade solution for any problem. 3. Formed by Practice and Experiments : The management principles are developed only after: deep and thorough research work. They are not developed overnight. Proper observations and experiments are conducting before developing them. Therefore they are evolutionary in nature. 4. Flexible : Management principles can be applied differently under different conditions. Some changes can be made in application of principles according to the requirement of the company. Principles can be modified by the managers who are using them. - Mainly Behavioural : Management principles are formed to guide and influence the behaviour — of employees. These principles insist on ‘improving relationship between superior , subordinates. i and all the members of organization. They also establish relations between human and material resources. ! 6. Cause and effect relationship : Management principles are based on cause and effect that means these principles tell us if a particular principle is applied in a situation , what might be the — effect . Although these principles cannot state perfectly absolute result because these are applied on human being but it helps in knowing some idea about the effect. 7. Contingent : Management principles are contingent or dependent upon the situations preva } in organization. Their application and effect depend upon the nature of organization. The application of principle has to be changed with change in situation. Q3. Explain the significance / importance of management principles in brief. Ans. Proper understanding of management principle 5 j anc pi principles act as guidelines for managerial activities. The significa due to following reasons: " 1. Providing managers with useful insight | n for the managers. These principles improve k ad por changing environs , ral quictesicne till they 4. Meating changing environment requiremont © continucuny to sdunt eel! Although . orindiples are gerd the dynamic business: enviranenent. ’ ; Management principles provide an effective and dyn to mplement thechenges: J Effective administration > Adminivtratian & Ine fin function malar plans and policies are formed, The mal base lo farm Various adiminintrative- policies to haves: . Fultilling social responsibilities + A business hi Of Society soil must do something fer saciely Management principles not only act as guid (hens principies aiso guide the managers tp perl Management training edircation and researc judgements and logical thinking, As a result development in management studies. Principlar attas-base for management training and ecu Explain contribution of Henry Fayol in the field Or Explain principles of management develop Henry fayol became famous as “father of meat following contributions; a) He made fF destinetion b) c) , perform managenal activities, PRINCIPLES OF MANAGEME! 1, Division of work, tasks ar unite and  st ivietnata fy et te dileerming ti acini ane Neguency of pent F Sor, esac prereset er Dut ecita emia Go. br sence at Tepe eels thie cove rf faysat mrad Fy Taiphk: [ ) Pmrmomanty  peel eat 4 gf ‘ Fite état = Qe Faye pat “enon tha. roa has ble heh py be Aaiah Suni wt it Mile 4 = tite Toda Ba nits: 4 finbigh Rrra oe ethane wf ke in tan eto wast pel Ree Tha a: Cttnnates i, Sf alee pete i pd -— ef i ; iseaLs hijex me ie org So fuser nating A bseptutd enpapony ~ J ; . ay, = ny Leptattadiea ae : pret Hsis oi a  === — spore WEBEL see fee ng iid 6 peak Keone Pam ias == — Ripa ag 2 amd _ieeelies __ ae - z “A 4 get thee. — =e ieee toaw. et a ee Ye cael. ite be th tO eg =) tk de etch and be choles tine fee “ i : a Tre el ly tly Lorton ——S— ee : init aaduetr rece + These My tly Facile TEL ON Se fet a he pale larohe fT bepoltet itachi tn =a 2 ford bree i Batiste aE af myer fi ie islet” al bh a ig ee —Anfatinption, abot ptie oe Et Loo oe “t se a faltbalins —anat —enpiteay " aney he ; ; ita: te ails a. pi tial. at ES icine ee A. 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SSW1D ~UVHIA VNIVUVN “IOOHDS OITand AMOS VL — ee MY Nato ike aus Totiiegs ytosou Ayyny pps Adil ‘peg atti af 8 eHaaL 4) Af MOypUL ify wit mp Mepenaayp fo tee pant ayy yams SAAT HEHE DO CULE is meuetty Sees ettAL ith Bick eg [teh jarred pay STN Oa oRieT AL ganA{e cantons eS AUD HTM UL saan See saat Oe ae tine — Samy TAGORE PUBLIC SCHOOL, NARAINA VIHAR: BUSINESS STUDI. Ail CHAPTER = 9 | FINANCLAL MANAGEMENT lan. What is meant by ‘Financial management'? Explain its-rolein brief. lieve Moaning of Fingnecta) TInnARUHENt- Th refers to thitt Be of Ne thanwgement vite, welitchy foncemed with the effictant plinning and conteniling iu Finanelal affairs of the Pee ete ward, It can be said that under financial management, first of all, eed for finance ti eeiltma ee and then) differtnt-sources of obtaining Finunce and iti Quantum ure determined lind Tiny ieee erred fas a rrvincbe | for the dietriburion ef pretty, pi The role of Financial Management is ys fol lowe 1 1) Size_os wall a3 composition of fixed assets:. Financial Tmaniemont plave a sGinifldame rote jy determining the siz© and composition of fixed us of the business, Pop. decision to Invest Re. 10D carers th fliced asaets would faise the size of fine aAmoutt, He) 4) Quantum of current assers:. [t helpi io determine amount of SUITED @aReEe ag well au: toy hreakeap. Inte cash, inventories ond receivables: al 3) Amount of long-term - Short-term financing: Financial managemant takes decision, Pegatdting the proportion of long and ahert-term-fingnee, An organization nilsed mare\an fong-term basts if if wants to remain tiquict : . 46: Tt helps tin Piel the rie between debt and or }4) Brewkup of long-term financing into debt and equip equity in the towal-long term finance. 5) All items In the profit and toss accoun = Financial mgt: decisions affectall the items in the protit he andiloss account of the items in the profit and loss account of the! business. for 4g, sine of mere debt a Infant higher interest expense in future and une nf mare equity invelves higher divideind- payment. Vy A rn O2. Explain the primary objective of financial Management: a or i ‘wealth maximization ls an important objective of financial Thinggement", Explain Ans, The primary objective of finanelal tanagement is to TAK 1 wealth of the OWihers of U , buwlhess to the maximum Tization jneimns MO lnere cupltal invested in the: 6 business by the shar et price of the shares ld the jidles Gf eaiiital invested: price of the shares inc , ican be said that capital (wealthy Lise it the thareholders hay uopreciating. On the concrary, fall in the marker price of thit stares hay )an erie alent On kel} alt Wealth of the stiureholders can be computed by the follawitip formule ; | Shareholder's current wealth in a company « number of shares + market price per share | Primary objective ——-—————_> ORVECTIVE OF WEALTH MAXIMISATION I ft) ve 1 : | Helpa in. achieving | SECONDARY ORECTIVES [papery Maximization |  “ua pany ayy Faneanasy ; 0 p royiny sie ave yom ATTGALS HM EHD 2910 sn NIP, 3 spauiayeid / duatuisan A jo aSe9 uy pazzaseid st 149P asuadxe MF U2L2IND tuo 22 ary eit Finires jo ano pred sf DUOpIAIp "Ses" ‘oo ee 29 4) PaIo5q 4 Sue se pareet st igep UO ‘pred isazaqul ewes xe LT 01 S}2adxa EErons Sao) py tums ep 240u wath 'ssal Sf gap HO 232 ysasarur att Wafer nou 4se> y 32 sigap Jo 180). 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Explain the Weal company, Hite capitals It ‘ srlug uf Pied capital | poe Meanie quiet ie lund, Porielture mt asiieisit of fiacort capital dep] de” sariare af bun For sample dhe following factors: es the amount of Fixed capital to a (om j heavy investment in flied Aately pi pes relatively much less investing = mds pon ol Loaieplte 4 Gg berinit a reece, # ee: ther hind, a trading consent requ. building ete, ant wusets, SM aah 2 reqiiredarge amount df thie papel die Sule ie oe ean Wee t caver, irmin OpenHtng AG AMAT Leute ae heed hewvy and c L yelativuly lesser f Cholee of technique: as which male use OF moweri ine Weta er hand, those eotirpriaes tip q xd capital (8 tittle, 7 me ‘a : fixed Asset 10 usect und While lil! computer technology is undergoing rapid changes. ‘Theetog hey, etixed capital, - mothe point of view of urowiht ley y do not-need additional fined capital i Thay need more ndiitjona) inoLoRy Ll require smice thoge compat Growth praspects: fon, whicty h (h}corganizations Ho posalblliny ve mate posit ness in more products than! merely Ly onl rsifitation certainly need more flaed tape i alg Ag OFt, Whatia meant by,'Working Capital’? Explatn factors which affect the working capital <i requirements of a Company, And. Meaning af working capital: xonHg OF CHTrSOT Assets aver cutrent ibis oF at OF ganeeullny Working Caplial= Current Assets - Current liabilities The working cupltal tequiiremeies —Warure of business: Th required oA trading? cork ine Firm alia o Pi copter i atu Ail on the following factors Hesh inthidices thi amount af workdig expla eit rettlieds lids working copltal as itere ts an Processing. Similliely, w s Working capital as it wullé more on can bite I i Spertie at llirge-nealy be i arally high: Moves, Grins bo liw bevel of activity, The repiiremante of working capil ite alan deter; dydle. During bobs conditions, indee Workiny capital is needed on co fncreaaing denind and vice yerua’'in depeessiqn. : cycle: Production cycle id the lime spam betWieii recs. GoMMUrsHGN OF same inte! fintuhed goods. Incase of ies sah ose creke ase ital ae lahourand ayer hnady gees tied op dpr'a {otis Berigd, In-auch case qaare Gy TaN MAteell Alon with |. Gthetiisie view Versn ors Working capital iy poquirad ei, Credit alleweds Those enterprises which sell ponds on cauh pa ; I hat those who provide credit faciliticnty the customers sie tare te Cea A Credit Avatled! 1f 2a motnetal anu other inputs ure mally deeeelig : ~ needell, Groihm evntrury, (f these thinge are eas ly large amano! of wirking copii wile te lial basic mat Alte mre Working ‘fupital as phew inventory te S GREPHIR ot amali-scule tend bess working capital mined by nature of husinasi required te prodices tory Powel’, Te medium ff of tine wll i Rierw a clieg rr alinest = rie. 2 —_—_ ‘ Mie eee etiam thie ein. bi il Orpnaltneiota plajue ie wach my alii GY tage Leni tnisboaten NeNDlapies sicerte -_ TENE Crmedtes to (he STYUMEENttONAL mUEfAN ibew eripileramm tO Filly inten SSUpTS to gay SWAN TUTE nig apt doWividiatar £ eyetingy insite ‘hate peimnsiay et er ca 7 . _ i ver bemuiterabilje, A eter Ing there vilina fteetve iris 1 tarrde shy ap -~ alias Uterrnity ing per ature aeavientie enmpinyecs ond pjetivnte thew al ie ttt pointy mala amd cope tpl tha Shri Fail Vetevestny reiuediin oP midi gurient | SMO ie the 5 PIV a fir eel nae : of mnaly gubsrlinging and EaDReviatsinyss 1) CEMA bonita he Dregine Ot FoUtbAE work wt oe et nar thing Rly chery, TSDOry. Ht haw ay MOIMIFIAR! frature (hed few to face game hy = Cath suticcitinnte 15 o vera . © Comtenaariticantg HM rafess tonne MUL One ae tea uy FI js Z hod te-comiiniwmsty toll hie Hibotdinaiey eee ht esi hie wi The help op fm 1 Lewilarsisigy ites bik ah wma fo work sills (ie Lead wig a Ther i ia Gers NB patve “au! 49, a ane Only threligty : SWheAame enn Wee 306 Ut wd peat ay © Motivation: i, TMFYES thet praceay which em : Djertive Amozig ¢ factor i fy Tos af, bac tl air, “i OvHarnte saat Abate tm other physizal 2 5 OBS performed hy a Shperviver thar are i | we The tonctiong ofa SUPE ree cir be seni east Se interpersieal contycy WEN worletat deperviane 1 yalasions With: withers. x ooee MIBUEViSE acts workers ~~ eck et HaEY Art Erlencihy Phitepoptar toy Oe Link Heiwemn workes sae rc | HARARE On ene |} : y lie tna, 2UgRtetineE, ce Cia tea eho Yep L 1. Promotes Group Unity OND. wssty snag ~. workers He does out their | Ov prooek: ance ot werk * aid Managem He: tales nw Mig to the workers l od wuperviseir analys 2 ites ferdhwek A go - . yeas ffe Stipgest Ways an teens nt it 6, oiidew Training to the ees f. Fr ited and keyowledgeoble © . eet seat te training progtiummes or the employ apprepeta 7 Tmt Ri Rives Teedieeek to the cen Heb enim te-the ww MIRCEA team of woe, “73 by arranging i ty beter. istics of motivadan acteristic Sate cha vi Aft 35 foley: puresdtharptterlsties of matteatlan Sf ous fea The varhe Man it a pyc hel ay | foeling)= Mota unm interna ical S0orepr brid detines test, sternal feelings Nhe seedu, “Ther ternal SSeS iS8 Uetra dere nee teil bebavinin Mathvadion artical Wr podwees Goo dire achieve theit aouls Fcaivation $F uit they eat + Posltrve rena Mout a manne? wi jener porttive oe negaitv= th Hw wit in sue! be yan PrnmMetOn wie, Mega el Fe Le areapeer behay osivatlor additineal le je InFhicenee 4 fa n It il Coinplie procesig gam Mot valli 3 jnothie pf deta6tlO8 ee perteptiote end reactions. threat a expecmntion er morivatiors 1s an emplavers HN ectren empiy atancdire Thininiin inte pres Hivciliatinn Pepels meetin Hf tone al rar wh altiiet ob OP. Misch Masts Needstiernrehy homey af-motiviiad, ; Ans: Nbevinitisnt0 Atmatew) su iiitividuigl Huh trerey eeLeS mere Abalt rerter ern Tow: vtetaeesavfunvel! nas | Petal an ireeltwicivvnln Hilege eae Ih entiatled hie prin ‘errrdaiel ALLL WON ARN Pheipa Al bee: Ube SHCERG roetihy cqunimen Hie titel ive Lkidir uanibiaee Hustlin aL) WHE Lite peniks apn weather At th, Chere tay Caer Ahn Mende en hie prllveltieen Veteran ye tn Hy inhtt es ai | > Heeb bite yp WON Vo wool With wiper aud Fill cage ¥ nt saint ™ Maly tidyent Ean of Medity Chey Mtl HLT ey HUUSNY the Heed ™= fe fr mr Mood hat trrwih and ~ Hulfillinern ~ Need ‘statoy ne: Wend loc , Soslal NS Interactieuy ~ lor) pharm; Jey poeurlty asic Lattiny ca ——— | ~ i shyrtoin det dal ogbcal Hew, ee ow Wee Lely whlch keep a man alive include fads, tf, clothing ane 7 tire . — i Safely or Security! nega | | LOLOL Hara hlOLivenure Lk Py abeal arnt rr Salli Senay, Lene WW. AFFIMTution: or:Soctad neous Thiee inieluild Wie ng edly fo ~S plance und Eendahiy, oF DST iigtiegs, 7 Ww. at And stituy Needed; These needs fyeladw ie 4 foe smite ly itfention, Comerdily htigher beel emlayues ape votlvatiea ay Lushiiea een FeO Man xf OM Actuulleution Mmede: These ant it)kw iene uf te ‘ites whhdil! quie cade i Hh tthe Ighest Level af reed tr thn hintarchy, eee Ten lhy Waritie te Lise ~ Conclaston of Mastow's Theory Tels Leni Theory tin bern will = nppreclitee Whelpe muinigers th Fuallay tho mend faye Of tbphayen ae ieee ce favide mouvalion to them. nl te a ‘ wieant by ‘Monetary or Finonchol tneonthen'? Expr id) qs: What is i Trey ey 4 whiel) Canbribute to the performance of employeng, fl i Financial Incentives) Finonctal incentives refors (iy Hedikivos oF Ve w Aru jjeulated ti tert of money, These Ineentingt tray bsg Brey tilow ou bf § eof the chinmen financial lacertiives are. ~~ fo Se tnd Atiowances:: Day; wad allalaghovd” rg Lie dia ang | 4 vay foyer 1 includes buale pay, dears Whitence, hed, = ti) i om LM ie The scape Of Increment indicus the Employee yy tie ’ pia wae et r uy 4 buintlilay Linked wage Incentiven Some Conianion havi ! il pre! Bas pail accarding in purfurnunes of SMphiynyg: Ivete waged n lnerenne It prodieiiy( a will be in direct proportlan of ” Money, Ans |ncien Mee Saniiant StebpLerri tures antts preciinrs Een liutieg Pours alriinest Pun ote amples? = nf an theentive sffared ever and aioe : i fet ix Par cemrernar): Homallis uel ae BNONEEeRt se sayeue wlear diniie retreat - ihe wuguearnalut'y exam Natirerbezt Btqatlim» Sy Fiopeal, greraniun mint erHOMLNy, Um FeO This ach ane inet wien they perquisites: Purpuisiiee amit binge Benetiin Haeh bapafie mnths thi empires fine Betton Ib eccommada hildven ett Prodiy sharing: Profit an Ggrgement between empl If profil encend «ie Copartneribip/ Sock optlan: Uh hares of the cormpany a1 a qirtte foaling. of ovmerchip in iha-enphnpyes aT salary & © Rint Gere cei whe nerrpisn ye 11 gy hy i oe * ives Soahore it by empilevees Wee ay wr oth 1D puree: miut shares crack & What ie meant ty "Wor-nossntarg® ne Senn: Tl Ren monchiry Ineentivics which cntribures New Monehiry freentives:: (refer a af monry, 8 of Iandiviitunly are pet eet pnt ae the args ateoclaied Lo ometal aad Onganisetional guish ane ont enlextitir are. poe! ji’ Cancer Advancement eppert j Mat rie courage wmpliyuen 4 a concorned With designing job; ltd greatel! untidy do i fobentt. soqueire hie J ufdamwiedge anit aki], dnatesd af delag thd iit Mla a fabe become a wounee of snes tinn: tw the il vistail ie a I n polidiistiere 2When on employee pertnems swell fem = jeumence te jai Jal arnrletameast 18 yer enriehe inplayeds Hecognitio i royete be praised abe jicognisnd Win superiors ad fellow semililnl evaies an employer's extialir needa, Fur eninge eriplowed far good pertapmaaes c youre far beet perlirrmance i: word or certiiicitn i Tastalling # jpiseribating moreno apsecurty OF jolimprsvea the perfneiiande wed at ‘ yelten, maker people Complacent and they ef nu risk uf pole fangs Weve toes been of pacerroen with, Mhverty Ma rnany) af Joint manmgnment chmnylt Mann Ans. hitiys i otarrcfua rif Ainbni lt nm VV pitied: epithe Petia . Te Arrectrearny mf TAGORE Print e 5 Orme all MART aly wilraut Lary Define the term “Comwintensia Ans.) Meuning?+ tt felees toa geen: Yoel ete | explaln ie AHO cnelanetbiy at ie TN PTHNnS te-retieh emma ms HEA, 8 Ubiteracictivg, feewlinge ite ean vie: TWO OF MNBKE Per IHAN + Ty Tey Froprartane feathipe af eumiianenieantnn ta phn thepe-tm Aer vitits seve al day DETNA hocwnag no-alapbe (ieidinl can hater exe change vel Iiliriebelt je Exchange Of teen tleatinen “Maia, Io arder uy complete process ¢ ery feeling ete tinoloratiredtan Tk iensia Lhd the’ tecelver shauti-nee Wi ie WE Bivol, and Inillrect coitinnnbention (li is wat i er anil giver at Mifare Witoet atl Lnitinees, PL he Vote tet ut tie the ty Commurléntints thine emi bs ive elemanis of cmeinieation pene sin Uriel? cermin leaden tiny lofined na a pote: Th Hlouvli Nhs thy econ n tirecer® ; oH fendor p Senitot |e the + SMNULHN. metre or hians om Recelver i bribery . ae. I yeu wet i #4 becolvar Feedback HNLaHEY TF eae ¥ tleeovting | emcouen [ose | [sevoun |] rnisancte | NEDIA —— n | TECEREN — Cts 1 i PROCESS OF COMMUNICA TON veriie the pjeianiing oF ehannéls wf tombitiaisietlon aig explain Ira Went or, Wr . fc Doe ee eae ee EL EEL CEE an Hnrmuglotcommmmlcation te the path vheamah which tfdemvtiog Tale, Ant A clnmnsbots ea ees ta jeeniver Wharhihare FSnmin itference brtwren Torna and oT wh usr are the cammman bestiers fo etfective wiileatien ertiers are stlers th omanuiics inti ey dif bi adit: 2 Puulty trarslitions age which ray nic te lay ¥ Lo Tar baen (iy testa ations SD OE ME ieee uae of uectareteng ie ies A Erkiis ty Pour teal cinrartstisteay 8 ftieahe at) em thew the nical by nde pray Seneca winder mes pot SIER WESuTpY LONE slanon , (tay oF we 4 Upelarified Assumption then rateiver-may hav Technical jariew 1 Many apectoliate separa mal fumaaagu » WAIhCH try tans bid utidorstoed, by the recaiaep O Bbuly lANEuHEY Und pestuN Duewiting : To auditor im wud verter gevreral communication te ols atfeerisa meuage dons ner mach with body Jangaigs aunderatanat thie tiexatiity PUTCHOLOGIOAL BANRIERS On we nh On Hipcholugion) jure af the sondor-end pecmtslay et ihe Person ran’) cosmonicate properly:  Y oe TbAT a ial WHILE ttieddiiaih Lobes ester, Le free iy ey mE ERMUNTNAGE take Liklentie ip MAME FH ENERIL T Wlinny ebb Ne Hoyt eet it shiny Wainy, VOMAL; AAT « tp, Thee Lanelee ti alteetny: ORR AR IE Ly howe «tL aha wee wee FHeTENEesHGUN AEA PL heap it fu LL MEE med fp Hieanet dt 4 abled jy he qagt, Wheaten ‘ ~ 7 a mat the OF eanvlnittionut Dire apg > ; tonsa PoTkey s tijs ‘rT ~ a) Mie peltey TET pny tea Ah tm *) Waitea inna Renitnuione ; Wheel ene f° ~ yy SSUAMLewtiny TY tte sentiey Folnienablbis cringe \ANNTMA cunaclniiy Ai Comptentty tn Ba the HF att Peet ny SHrmAnlsational fiet WO Commie PTESONAL DANTE tte 1 lively corinuitiieation TetLaLEUttom, , 2 dew of eonlidhnce nt meri when siperiary dij, oot have 3) Ubwillingtess-to conym With Vhinic auperioge teeaiesis affect tint: vas © ieabieitorsemty Mar awa es Effective mummuatiavtd nk La wee ekppbitl effectivenias of comiranicnaiun y HG Prices, SE Uhveie sy WHT: tHe Aa Hd jisgiat er OY Uteurrtling 4), " : L1or the coereny fan SSTMUFMENACHe “gael ions Ao th by Hague Auettetaral oa tds han Stage 1 1) Clasify the Mens Wetore canis Houldbe ot 0 be ahibiluaeey igar (i the mtd of seeder The meseays shold tee {Mitt nlne Sasnauque . fitate AeeOCNE 1 thi nod OF pecerya. : dy Eh by 2) Commmanital : Paul yi ay i achoeitg t5 Abe Wecite Wh tNe: teepivey ie Ao came iste understaniling leva of vecuisen are ete Watbeaetme re Eloutd weotiiy eity eral tefore couinmtinlestiny =| i ethers r a) Consul ivi Linviethun See « On Mid CONLUA Gf ing a) ne Se aiiek He Ressoge dalek Mle mgt uged fot Were alin wing Niet ek s Communinatiin ie Tug rf feadha fe propel tiferg 4 if ene Cia ks ie Hee Eman. per-of cont a FNAL hi, WEFaM HH gy 3} abqajned, THe Asiana i There shasta 4 eon up Haw Linde tstouil regres Rue Utley Fett Liaise aha ernadidnat ets a i cciptent arts er: Te vain he coreg BiOcwas tra vy tin a eee Superiat miset develop. the jg ‘ 7 te HOA OF patleray Sstany poud Hsien aii ew, ing  Pearl Tea ee es bileee Naw a aye tine wp elton univenial ote HLL Valntaya ies it Hrabtling ti ay telkeliry (Ent ig Hroduue Diep Tilkabiany ELUTE jp Predincts [ep Helles in Adlve fading aon UE Eide Detach thivante, hit eh Wiad pletely: Aay libitte Mt iy Hervant a fir TH Hy tliat) Wl Contes) they IES pareilicet feieyy th Praduetg AIT Hv catuly ebaeia pin Will hue slaty 1 vi thie ; buat Beton Gf key 4 ' Prodan ¢ oll the hen he mda, Denied py itera hy Hartioutar brine, hednne we irbhopnt tl HHOCL OF prod wet eutinT acd u "esenigeable Bical {wet Mma tern Cone bed pad i i Explain the char uctiristin of i yood brand nar 4 on ‘Wut are the ess ttaloata good brand nome? Ane The following: are Ure chiraetorlstice pty qual 1) Sinyal fy proriouiteg example the ee : I pit petse Of thie prbeliee th thai roe aly oF belly roe utrenvorite, te Uiiferege ten th 1811 Gain Hecotamnoabate any porch wild ty HUT be capabhiate ewisterei andl protein leaathenp. je tlvals fol a iran te = suid haven staying pewier Lei ahah haven Wet firm Ststa ae Aw élite : fataeetah wel For eg. Soil clrinis apo reare thre diferent levek ior p ecuinple corrupted Wie wh, Why pac Tati Arie. Purckaighingt Ga niin freer ES Any Somer apart hit 1)‘ Pridcdancten Pale egw dic wane Fen camer Praciyen peat teed rn 3 i aceon lene  — , dee reat’ Saget greet — sane, wt BHO tomes © curl (usr ; fiow = OF vrwbatiey toa [eteysdeil perp of efiany iL (te aiivuntajjes maple vahtray Pt tps of even ual fee ary i iotie all tema gf 4) Aswurting:- fe Wiibiereatiny 7) We cu leg thity acm Hs xe produit a mn Pelubiriatilp with contomar, Probterrraa cits etic Manufacturer ————e Methnda of Diroct tiatritatians 2) Goaterect Chane vb it trastiillueiy SreiGes Nh choippusionrs, bee cbintritnath fearoneels cart hoe wt \ 4) Thur fewel tcharrivet;~ Linithischatigiel mets It halen ts exper wry ehertremic appliances wry oS dd  irersalternatives 2” ert a pet nar! es induces Py inthe ™ Enenurage ont prods AGT api preferences Omg diets Ion sae that teow ceoomie stats auyesbe i duct depen core of a ae superiority ofa product depen fs saleo Pea a sent geads Buyers bys aP EO ole fn isthatsome ay hough some d taste is a Bene Soe er gaster- Note objec tract customers." Good or bad tas! 5, Some Advertisements are in Bat age in order to att inst advertising. 6° andards in m indecent language, or convey bad ae pean objection 222 ae eae cin ied nt to e ndvertsing : 4 inst advert: ion and advertising. that most of the criticisms aga? tpoost to product AF ch lusion At the end itean be concluded that most o1 Fhe ag oe tg eds nota socal waste: rather it dds value to Pe re prop a true, Itis not a social we ed enerating employment. Although advertising Taian cote af ona el sn tieaeveraset make use of rtisement’ ith it it erits. 20, Explain the meaning of sales promotion with its merits and dem: , ives, which'are offered to Y’ Ans. Meaning of sales promotion:- Sales promotion refers to Cee ‘on is usually encourage the buyers to make immediate purchase of a product or x undertaken by a company to boostits sales, Merits of Sales Promotion a Z Y consumers to make a purchase, é e i a i roduct is 2. Useful in New Product Launch:- Sales Promotion tools are very effective when anew pe i ’ Introduced in the market. Itinduces people to try new. prodilets as they are either available at low price or given as free samples, 3. Synergy in Total Promotional Efforts:- Sales promotion makes other promotional techniques more effective, various tools of sales promotion supple! er : ile as it gi incentive to 1, Attention value:- Sales promotion activities attract attention o bbe as it gives extra ct eI lement personal selling and advertising efforts and increase the overall effectiveness ofpromotonal er Demetits of Sales Promotion are:- SS tf Frequent use of sales promotion activities gives wrong si: al i iV 1 i e S in th impression that there is no demand for the product, Itreflects fae eae isis and company’s reputation suffers a 2. Spoils products image; Page Sof 19 Page 2 of 19  webeeubedl, Larihfiersabtl ele —_—_—_$_—_——S— i Me Hoang andl titi. FHL eh ibteney 9 AMboct hiceitn a anil pernuditentltoms lp of Eee ine be twa ide Hieennnaal nit) J Hi vol vey : 7) TOV GA pa 2 Dovets OPCtieg Aes UP iat face: SOPITHETUL at Rees HES CuUyisasty (Joe tas Este ia uaynsba vim Ua eT a bitiveen LING Baltes ia Lan Potion ies EOnt lovecat Tae ate place in sale On ain pens i helt in hevloriiy heey ; ; : Sales: SP OCUVO thittiatiors. & Hg evel ane eonaly catttnehg | 3 Ora Si Nts Sah hoabthy ea Micbatil, 4 Narn OTK Porscinal seth = li NATTOW coverage Has be covey ase Une of OFA nestapen £ Hons, »COVET ae af Ht binwdll ven contitel vile ee wn COMRAICL With Biiniteu wh e *. lexibility:-ttts highly flewbie a ai oo erits of personal selling: OATES Wersony cur adtiast this injiamage accel BOAR 1. Floxitaitity:. | ‘i sth atl linn " ce , of the individu: Baa Hesdbshe as valey prrosontation ean heaeljuated cog njp Herbs = est fend back (iy personal selling, direct and jmmetate foedhack f | pent If, 3. hore (6 dire to-fice rommunteation. . a . ans ’ Minimum wastage: 7 i fi ( Gane Bet There is IL Wastes Of elo ame rip the tarnet be imuiklag any edihtact with thet: Rent eee rea _~ a v¥ * O24. Explain the role of persutial selling in detail Ans. Personal selling plays a yury linpartarit role in tle marlisting if peat follows: a iniportance of personal sellingt6 Tus 1. Effective promotional tool Tris an effective promotiqnal tant as ie imeronses Hit pesssltil ’ influencing the prospects about the qual\ties, features yet _ 2, Flexible todl:- In personal selling, the offer or message or swheeyors craven Loe warspgia situations. As a result tt ls more flexible. ween 3, Minimizes wastage of efforts Personal selling Involvessmintanam wastage of effarts customers-are pre-decided, ’ 4. Consumer attention: |n personal L selling, itis enuy to chee en . combct with a Custoner, This helps2 business pecan: in Buco ‘omni 5. Lasting Relationship: Personal ig help’ to evelnp lasting i { customers, which helps inancreasing sales of pipe : 6. Role ia Introduction shige: Personal settinzplays an: ‘sales person can persuade eondumers abowm she, product. Importance of personal selling to cuStomersin 1. Help in identifying needsi= It and wants and also help 3, Latest Market informatie =1 products avallableint way, 3, Bxpertadvice: 4. induces custome  syd Write cfu id jesaetoent HH cayenne es ne TTETOY phere pest bllity Near maeian! ings seal stat ~ 4 SS —————