cambridge ielts exercises for exam, Summaries of English Language

Download cambridge ielts exercises for exam and more Summaries English Language in PDF only on Docsity! TAPESCRIPTS SECTION 1 JANICE: Hello ... Flagstone. JON: Othello; is that Flagstone Properties? JANICE: Yes that’s right. Flagstone here. How can help you? Example JON: Hello. I'm ringing just to make enquiries ab out renting a house. My name’s Jon Anderson. JANICE: Yes, Mr Anderson. What sort of thing were you looking for? JON: Two-bedroomed house with garden. JANICE: Well... yes, si, that shouldn’t be any problem... just to let you know that our main areas, the main areas we deal with, are the city centre itself. JON: City centre ... uh-huh. JANICE: And the north suburbs, JON: Ohwell... we were most interested in the Northem areas actually. JANICE: Right... yes... What sort of price were you thinking of? JON: Well... could you give me same idea? JANICE: Certainly. It really ranges from £250 per month. a JON: Only £250? JANICE: Yes, to about £500 depending on anumber of different factors. JON: What does it depend on? JANICE: Well, obviously the quality of the area, And then whether there’s a garden. Q3 JON: Well, asT said, we'd want a garden. JANICE: And a garage pushes up the price. JON: Right... well, we wouldn't necessarily need one. I think about £350 a month would be our limit. JANICE: OK. Well... would you like to have a look at a couple of propeities, sir’? JON: Yes, that'd be great. JANICE: Looking at our files... I think we've got two which might suit you JON: Hang on. Il just get a pen. Right. JANICE: OK. Well, there’s one on West Park Road which is £325 a month 4 JON: Are the bills included? JANICE: Well, that one just includes the water bill a5 JON: OK, right. JANICE: And the second house is in Tithe Road. I'll just spell that far you ... OK? JON ‘Yep. JANICE: T--T-HEE Road. JON: Got that. And how much is that one? JANICE: That's £380, 127 Test 1 380. Is that including water? ‘No, I'm afraid not, but it does include the telephone rental 06 Oh well, that’s not too bad then. So, So, when would you be availableto see them? Well, I'll be in town next week... say... Thursday? No, I'm sorry we don’t have any availability for Thursday. How about Wednesday afternoon? a OK. That's fine. Would 5.00 be OK? ‘Yes, fine, 5.00 it is. Just came to the Flagstone Offices. Oh, before I forget. What sort of things do need to get done ... torent with you? Well, the most important thing is a letter from your bank No problem And then a reference letter from your employer. os ‘Yes, that’s OK Great, and then we would need you to give 2 weeks’ notice of moving in Right... 2 weeks’ notice. And what about a deposit? 10 ‘That's one month’s rent, whatever the amount is OK. One month Is that it? ‘No, somry, one more... you will have to pay for the contract. Ohyes. I'd forgotten about that. OK, fine. Soll stat arranging those, and I'll Tl see you next week, ‘Yes. Thanks very much. Bye. Goodbye, SECTION 2 MRS SMITH: Hello, Mrs Sutton, Come in. How are you settling in next door? Have all your things from Canada arrived yet? I thought I saw a removals van outside your house yesterday aftemoon. MRS SUTTON: Yes. They came yesterday. We spent all day yesterday arranging them. It’s beginning to feel a bit more like home now. MRS SMITH: That's good. Look, come in and sit down. Are you alright? You look a bit worried MRS SUTTON: Well, Tam a bit. I'm sorry to bother you so early, Mrs Smith, but I wonder if you could help me. Could you tell me how! can get hold of a doctor? Our daughter, Anna, isn’t very well this moming and I may have to call somebody out. She keeps being sick and I am beginning to get a Qu bit worried. I just don’t knowhow the health system works here in England, AlIT know is that it’s very different from ours back in Canada. MRS SMITH: Well, I don’t know really where to start. Let me think. Well, the first thing you have to do is find a 128 family doctor - sometimes we call them general Tipescripts sb: T'll be honest with you. At the end of the first year I really wanted to leave and came home. ‘TuroR: Why was that? ue Well Q28 ‘Turok: Umm... I can quite understand that. 1B and I also found it frustrating to have so few teaching resources, but I did decide to stay and in the end extended my tour to a third year ‘Turok: Right. Things must have looked up then? ue: Yes. We set up avery successful project breeding cattle to sell locally. Turor: Really? up: And then after a lot of hard work we finally got funds for new farm buildings ‘Turor: And you wanted to see things through? sp. Ub-huh. ‘Turok: And is that why you want to train to teach Geography? up: Yes, I've had a couple of jobs since then but I now realise I like teaching best. And [chose Geography because... because itis my favourite subject... and Q29 also because I think it has so many useful applications 030 ‘TuroR: Well... you cettainly have had some interesting work experience. I'll ask you now to go on tothe next stage of SECTION 4 ANNOUNCER: — Today’s Health Counsel is presented by Paula Clayburg, who is the chief Counsellor at Liverpool's famous pain clinic: The Wilton Clinic. Paula PAULA CLAYBURG: Do you know what Prince Charles, Seve Ballesteros and Elizabeth Taylor have in common? They all suffer from chronic back pain In fact, bad backs are one of the most common health problems today, affecting people in all walks of life. The most recent available figures show that about a quarter of a million people are incapacitated with Q31 back pain every day. And many sufferers don’t know the cause o the solution to their problem. ‘The majority of our patients at the clinic tend to be women. They are especially vulnerable because of pregnancy but also because of osteoporosis, which I personally believe to be the ie cause of problems for women. I have many women patients who say they have completely given up exercise because the pain makes them so miserable. But of course that state up a vicious circle. Bed rest, giving up exercise and pain killers are traditional respanses to back pain but, although there are many excellent drugs on the market, at our clinicwe are beginning to realise the unique benefits of relaxation therapy. Other 033 specialists in the field make a strong case for certain types of exercise, but in our experience they are easily mishandled and can lead to more harm than good, 131 Test 1 ‘Now, let’s look at some of the reasons why back pain is developing into such a unique menace. In general, the body is pretty good at self-repair. A strain or a blow to a limb, though painful at thetime, generally resolves itself. But the body’s response to back injury can be very counter- productive. When pain strikes, we attempt to keep the 3: back as immobile as possible, which makes the muscles tense up. Research shows that they often g0 into spasm, which causes further twisting of the spine. A vicious circle is underway. ‘The second mistake we often make when stricken with extreme back pain isto goto bed and stay there. Although at the clinic we recognise that a short rest in bed can be helpful... wp to two days any longer 035 makes our back muscles become weaker and unable to hold up our spine. The pain therefore becomes worse. Another problem is being overweight. Anyone a stone or more over- 036 weight who already has back pain is not doing himself any favours: though it won't actually set it off in the first place, the weight will increase the strain and make things worse. The British diet could be partially to blame for the increase in back pain: over the last ten years the average weight of men has risen by 11 Ibs and of women by 9 Ibs. So much for the causes aid aggravations of pain, But what can WE doto help? ‘There are many ways in which simple day-to-day care can make all the difference. The first point to watch of course is weight. Ifyou are overweight, a diet will make all the difference. Also, studies have shown that just one hour sitting in a stouched position can strain ligaments in the back which can take months to heal. At the clinic we have come to the canclusion that the ‘major cause of the problem is not with the design of chairs, as some have suggested, but in the way WE sit in them. It can be useful to get special orthopaedic 037 OUR posture Another enemy of your back is, of course, your beds. If your bed doesn’t give enough support, back muscles and ligaments work all night trying to comect spinal alignment, so you wakeup with atired aching back. Try out an orthopaedic mattress or a spring slatted bed. Research shows that both can be beneficial for certain types of back pain, Another hazard for your back are the shock waves which travel up your spine when you walk, known as heel strike. A real find for our patients has been the shock-absorbing shoe insert. A cheap but very 038 effective solution, And you might be better off avoiding shoes with heels higher than YA inches, Finally a word about the state-of-the-art relief - the TENS machine -a small battery-powered gadget which delivers subliminal electrical pulses to the skin. Our experience indicates that your money is better 040 spent on the more old-fashioned remedies. Tipescripts SECTION 1 RECEPTIONIST: STUDENT: RECEPTIONIST: STUDENT: RECEPTIONIST: STUDENT: RECEPTIONIST: RECEPTIONIST: STUDENT: RECEPTIONIST: STUDENT: RECEPTIONIST: STUDENT: RECEPTIONIST: STUDENT: RECEPTIONIST: Sorry to keep you waiting. Well, firstly, let me give you this bodklet, Ittells you a bit more about the school, the courses and the social activities we offer. Now, on the first page, there’s an outline of this moming’s activities. There, you see? The programme starts at 10 o’clock. Example ‘Try notto be late as it’s a very fll day. At 10 0’clock, all the new students will gather in the Main Hall to meet the Principal and the rest of the staff. In fact, you spend most of the moming in the Main Hall Where's that? T'll show you in a minute. Just let me quickly run through this moming’s events first and then I'l explain how to get there. ‘Yes, OK Right. Where were we? Yes, so, the Principal’s talk will last about fifteen ‘minutes and then the Director of Studies will talk toyou for half an a hour about the courses and the different requirements for each. After Qs that, the Student Adviser will tell you about the various services and activities we offer to students. Any questions? So, all of this is in the Main Hall? ‘That's right. And then you'll go next door to Classroom $ at 11 o'clock. 4 ‘What happens there? ‘You'll have atest Test? I don’t like the sound of that. What sort of test? Oh, it’s nothing to worry about. It’s just a placement test to help us find a5 ‘your level of English so that we can put you in the right class. It won't last long But how do I find the Main Hall? Right, if you look on the back of the booklet I gave you, you'll see a map of the school. Let me show you. Look: you came in through the Main Entrance, here, and now we're here at Reception. ‘Now, to get to the Main Hall, you walk on to the end of this comidor in front of you and then you tum left. Walk along past the Language Laboratory and then past the Library, which is next to the Language Lab, on the same side, and facing you is the Main Hall, at the end of the coridor. You ‘it 06 ‘can'L miss it So it’s next to the Library, in fact. a ‘Yes, that’s right. Tshould be able to find that. And do you have a Computer Lab oratory? ‘Yes, we do. 133 Test 2 ‘TUTOR: ‘TUTOR: Well, arguably it does give you abit of information about an applicant's character, but also . .. more and more employers around the world are making use of what are called ‘personality questionnaires’ tohelp them select new staff and ‘What's it called? A Personality Questionnaire. They haveto be filled out by the candidates some time during the selection procedure, often just before an interview. The idea is actually quite old. Apparently they were used by the ancient Chinese for picking out clerks and civil servants, and then later they were used by the military to put people in appropriate areas of work. They've gained a lot of ground since then and there are ab out 80,000 different tests available now and almost two thirds of the large employers use them. Which makes you think that there must be something in them. ‘That's right. They ask the sort of questions that you might expect, like do you like working under pressure or are you good at keeping deadlines, Dave: And what if people can see through them and just write what they think the employer wants to see? MURIEL: Well that's always a possibility. DAVE, Tmean, it’s human nature to lie, isn’t it? ‘TuroR: Well, that’s the point. Apparently it isn’t. These tests are campiled by experts and they believe thet the answers can provide a few simple indicators as to roughly the type of person that you are ... that people will generally be truthful in that situation. MURIEL: And then you can go some way towards finding out whether someone’s say, forward-looking... a go-ahead type of person... or resistant to change ‘Turok: Yes. And there are all kinds of (fade out) SECTION 4 ‘Turok: Right. Are we all here? OK. As you know, today Vivien is going to doa resentation on the hat-making project she did with her class during her last teaching practice. So, over to you, Vivien. VIVIEN: Thanks. Um... Mr Yardley has asked me to describe to you the project I did as a 136 student teacher at a secondary school in London. I was at this school for six weeks and I taught a variety of subjects to a class of fourteen-year-old pupils. The project choseto do was ahat-making project and T think this project could easily be adapted to suit any age. So, to explain the project... After we'd donethe research, we went back tothe classroom to make two basic hat shapes using rolls of old wallpaper. We each made, first of all, a conical hat by ... er... if [show you now... cutting outa circle and then making one cut up to the centre and then ex... overlapping the cut like this this ... a conical hat that sits on your head. The other hat we made was a little more complicated ... er. first of all we cut out a circle again... like this. .. then you need a long piece with flaps on it - I've already made that bit which I 25 026 Q27 Q28 29 Example Q31 032 033 Tipescripts have here - you bend the flaps over and stick them... with glue or prittstick 034 to the underside of the cirde . .. like this. Again, I've prepared this so that I don’t get glue everywhere. The pupils do, of course, so you need plenty of covers for the table, And there you have a pillbox hat as in pill and box. Now variations and combinations of these two hat shapes formed the basis of the pupils’ final designs, ‘The next stage of the project was the design phase aid this involved, first of all 035 using their pages of research to draw a design of their hat on paper. That's the easy pat. They then had to translate their two-dimensional design into a form to fit their head. I encouraged them to make a small-scale, three-dimensional hat 236 first so that they could experiment with howto achieve the form they required and I imposed certain constraints on them to keep things simple. For example, they had to use paper not card. Paper is more pliable and easier tohandle. They also had to limit their colours to white, grey or brown shades of paper which 037 reflected the colours of the buildings they were using as a model for their hats and they had to make sure their glue didn’t show! Well, it was very enjoyable and just to give you an idea of what they produced, I've brought along three hats to show you. This one here is based on a circular stairway in an old building in 038 London. It uses three pillbox hats one on top of the other. This was designed by ‘Theresa, Here’s another one that has a simple strip going round the base of the 239 hat but has then gone on to add strips of paper that come out from the base and that meet at the top of the hat -rather like a crown - making a fairly tall hat. This 40 strip around the base and then the conical hat shape on top to form a castle turret. This was made by Fabrice, and there are many more that I could have brought. ‘Turok: Thank you, Vivien. That was most interesting. Now what we can leam from this isthat. 137 Tapescripts SECTION 1 JOAN: — Right... let s try and get it sorted out today so we don t have it hanging over us. OK? PETER: Good idea I'll take notes. JOAN: First thing .. . numbers... have we got anything definite? PETER: Well... I've been working it out and I think 40 to 43. JOAN: Shall we put 45 to be on the safe side? PETER: Yep, fine JOAN: Dates ... well. That's straightforward. PETER: The last working day before Christmas ... which is, JOAN’ which is December the 21st. PETER: which is going to be pretty difficult to book at Christmas so we'd better think of two or three places just to be on the safe side. JOAN: Well, last year’s was hopeless. PETER: TheRed Lion, wasn’t it? JOAN: Yep. We ought to go for something more expensive, cos you PETER: ... You gets what you pay for JOAN: That new Indian restaurant in Wetherfield is supposed to be excellent... the Rajdoot, PETER: How do you spell that? JOAN: R-AS-D-0-0-T. PETER: But it’s bound to be packed. JOAN: Well, let's put that down as the first choice and have some back-ups. What about the Park View Hotel as a secand choice? PETER: Yes, that’s always reliable. Park View Hotel. JOAN: And the London Arms int case. perm: — London Arms JOAN: Tl call themnow if you want. PETER: No. I'll do it, Joan. You're really busy. Have you got the rumbers? JOAN: Not for the Rajdoot, but... right... Park View Hotel: 777192 and ... London Ams: 208657. PETER: Great. Before I ring, we'd better just make sure they're within the price range. JOAN: Up to £15 ahead? PETER: I think you'll find some people won't be able to go that high. JOAN: Well, you can’t get anything decent under £10. PETER: OK. We'll say £12? JOAN: OK. PETER: And we'd better make sure there's good vegetarian food. JOAN: And a non-smoking section! You know what the boss is like. PETER: Don’t remind me. I'll let you know as soon as get anything, Example a2 Q3 ot a5 138 JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: JOHN BROWN: MARY COLLINS: Test 3 OK Right now, size of equipment? T've got it noted downhere... um, yes, length, sorry, width is 20 cm. Q24 OK. Length is 50 cm, and then the depth is... well, it’s very little ‘What would you say? I think you can be approximate. Tsay 2.5m, ‘And the electricity supply? Is it mains operated? Noiit isn’t, it’s actually battery. OK, write battery. Fine, OK. It’s the next bit that I’m really not sure what to put Well, special features means, what is really new about this, you know, suitable for the group you made it for Well, it’s safe for children. 25 ‘That's fine. Put that in. OK, and of course we think it’s educational 226 ‘There you are, you've done it. Anything else? Well, I think the price is good. Q27 ‘That's probably the most important factor OK... cheap price Which brings us on to the next bit. What's the cost? Well, the pieces we made out of old wood ... they cost, ooh, $5. And the electrics? ‘They were more expensive... say, $9.50. Brilliant, Now what do they 28 ‘mean by other comments? It’s just a chance for youto say anything about the equipment, and problems you envisage. Well, we would really like help with making plastic instead of wooden pieces. Well, put something like, need help to make plastic pieces Q29 OK And the other thing is, we'd like to develop a range of sizes. ‘That's fine, then, just put that, And the last bit is, when will you send the equipment? Well, we've got a lot of work on at the moment and we want to get it as good as we can. Well, say 25.June? Can't we make it later? Well, the last date is 1 July. Why not say that? 030 OK, that’s what I'l put. Sothat’sthe Lot! ‘That's brilliant. Thanks very much, Mrs Collins, I'll send it off straightaway. Glad to be of help. Very best of luck to you both ‘Thanks, bye Bye. 141 Tapescripts SECTION 4 ‘Today I'd like to introduce Ted Hunter, who used to rear sheep and poultry but who is here to tell us about a rather unusual type of livestock that he’s been concentrating on in the last few years. Ted Hunter is a member of the Domesticated Ostrich Farming Association, and is here to tell us about the possibilities of breeding and rearing these birds here in this country. ‘Thank you, Paula, When you look at international restaurant menus and supemarkets they all tend to feature the same range of meats - beef, lamb, chicken, pork, that sort of thing. But people are always interested in something different and we're now finding that farming can bring new types of meat to our tables. The kangaroo is one animal that’s now being farmed for its meat and eaten outside Australia, where it comes from. It looks and tastes rather like rabbit, though it’s slightly darker in colour, but it is rather tough, so that’s a problem for some people, Crocodiles are also being farmed for their meat. This is rather like chicken, pale and tender, and it’s getting quite fashionable, Some people also find it’s rather fatty, but I think it makes a really tasty sandwich. Now a third type of ‘meat becoming increasingly available, and the one that I think is by far the nicest oftthe three, is ostrich, which most people say has a similar taste and texture to beef, However, it’s much better for you than beef, as we'll sec later. Most people think of ostriches as wild animals, but in fact ostriches have been farmed in South Aftica since around 1860. At first they were produced for their feathers. In Africa they were used for tribal ceremonial dress and they were also exported to Europe and America where they were made into ladies” fans and used for decorating hats, Later, feather fans and big. decorated hats went out of fashion but ostriches were still bred, this time for their hide. This can be treated to produce about half a square metre of leather - very delicate, fine stuff of very good quality. At the same time, some of the meat was used for biltong - the air-dried strips of meat popular in South Africa as a sort of fast food. However, recently there’s been ‘more and more interest in the development of ostrich farming in other parts of the world, and more people are recognising its value as a food source. Ostrich meat is slightly higher in protein than beef- and much lower in fats and cholesterol. It tastes good too. A series of European taste tests found that 82% of people prefer ostrich to beef. And one ostrich produces a lot of meat - from around 30 to 50 kg, mostly from the hindquarters of the bird. Farmed ostriches don’t need African climates, and in fact ostrich farming is now becoming well established in other patts of the world However, setting up an ostrich farm isn’t something to embark an lightly. Mature breeding birds are very expensive - even a fertilised ostrich eg isn’t cheap so you need quite a bit of capital to begin with, Then the farmer needs special equipment such as incubators for the eggs. The young chicks are very dependent on human minders, and need a lot of attenticn from the people looking after them, In addition, ostriches can't be intensively farmed -they need space and exercise, Q31 032 033 34 35 036 037 038 039 Test 3 ‘But in spite of this they make good farming sense. A cow produces only one calfa ‘year whereas a female ostrich can lay an egg every other day. And because the 40 farmers can use incubators and hatched chicks are nourished well and protected from danger, the failure rate on farms is very low indeed and almost all the fattilised eggs will hatch out into chicks which will in tum reach maturity. This is very different from the situation in the wild, where the vast majority of chicks will dic or be killed before they grow up into mature ostriches. So it’s possible, once the initial outlay has been made, forthe farmer to be looking at very good profit margins indeed. Ostrich farming is still in its early days outside Afiica but we hope that ostrich meat will be freely available soon and before long will be as cheap as beef. 143 Tapescripts weaker side, I did find thenoise unpleasant. Which m sure the designers could have dane something about. And found that it didn’t work through metal, so it’s mainly useful for finding in coat pockets, cushions, etc. But taken as a whole highly recommend it ‘The third gizmo is called the Army Flashlight because it was developed initially for military use. It works by squeezing the handle to generate the power. Its advantages are that it can be used for outside act and also and this is one of the surprising features... it does work underwater. My ‘main objection to it though was although it did work in these conditions, this model gave off a weak light. So my recommendation I'm afraid would have tobe to avoid this one. The decoy camera was last on my list. This is afake video camera which you fix to your wall to scare off burglars. The advantage of this model is something which makes it look very realistic its flashing light. On the down side, it was quite difficult to fix tothe wall However, burglary is such a major problem these days that it is worth the effort, so this gets my strong recommendation Qs O16 Q7 Q18 019 220 Qu Q22 Q23 Example PRESENTER: OK. Thanks for that, Liz SECTION 3 BRYSON: Well, Amina, thanks for letting me have your draft in such good time. AMINA: Oh, that’s alright. T was just very arwsious to hear what you think of it, You can see that I decided to change the topic -I had been interested in looking at Barings Factory. BRWON: — Oh, L think the hospital was a much better choice, In fact... well... have to say that I thought it was good. AMINA: Oh? BRYSON: There's still lots of work to be done AMINA: Oh yes... of course. BRYSON: But there’s plenty of good ideas. It opens well and the first chapter is fine but the middle section really stood out far me... most interesting, AMINA: “That's amazing because really didn’t find it a bit easy to write BRYSON: —“Howlong did you work on the whole thing? AMINA: Well, T spent about two or three weeks reading and doing general research and then T dashed the writing off very quickly ... so about four weeks in all. BRYSON: Well, that's about par for the course. You've got a while yet to make the changes. AMINA: Oh right... no problem BRYSON: — Right. Let's have a look at my notes here. OK. Starting with section headings the broad divisions are good but you'll have tore-do the actual headings, T've made some suggestions in the margins ama: “OK Thanks 146 BRYSON: Now, this information on local housing... [can see why you put it there but it really isn’trelevant to the approach you've taken. AMINA: think T see what you mean. BRYSON: Now. .. what did say about the interviews? AMINA: worked very hard on those. I really thought they were valuable BRYSON: They are, Amina, but they're very complex and rather unclear at the moment. ‘You're going to have to spend a bit of time making the data a lot clearer AMINA: OK... as Long as 1 don’t have to remove them altogether BRYSON: No, don’t worry. AMINA: What about the chronology ... the list of dates? T wasn't sure whether T should rewrite those. BRYSON: My advice on that is totakethem out. I feel it makes the whole piece appear too simplistic. AMINA: OK, if it'ILhelp. BRYSON: Now, there are a couple of other books I'd like you to look at. Have you got a pen? Right .. Approaches to Local History by John Mavis AMINA: Right. BRYSON: And then T think you need to think about ways of representing interview data. Have a look at Sight and Sound by Kate Oxkwell. AMINA: Sight and Sound. BRYSON: Then you know I'm going away on holiday next week AMINA: Yes. BRYSON: So when you've made the changes I suggest you show the work to your Support Tutor. AMINA: Support Tutor... right. BRYSON: Then you do the proof reading AMINA: Proofreading . .. uh-huh, When by, do you think? BRYSON: ['d aim for 29 June and after that you should get it laser printed... but be careful because the computer centre closes on 10 July. AMINA: And then hand it in to... 2 BRYSON: Oh, the Faculty Office as usual AMINA: OK, that’s fine. I think T’m all set now! Thanks very much for all your help. BRYSON: A pleasure. See you when get back, AMINA: Yep. Thanks, Dr Bryson. Bye BRYSON: Bye. SECTION 4 Good aftemoon. I’m Paula Bundell and am giving you the lectures on Environmental Noise this term. Today we are going to look into the effects of noise on a planned housing estate in a patticularly difficult part of the new Manchester Park area. This site is not as bad as some 1 have researched in the past. The Blacktown aitp ott is closed from 6pm to 7am and this is a great advantage to the site. The only noise after dark Test 4 Q24 25 026 Q27 Q28 29 230 147 Tapescripts is from the highway and the traffic is somewhat reduced between 7.30pm and 5,30am. So, the people most affected by the noise will be, I expect, housewives. By the time most of the students and workers have arrived back home in the evening during the week the noise will have abated to a fairly large extent. The weekends are still aproblem of course, but the traffic is certainly reduced on Saturdays to a large extent and even more so on Sundays. Of course modifications to houses will be necessary at a site like this and they come at a significant cost to the developer and home buyer. The modifications I am about to outline will add about $25,000 to the price of anewly-built house. That will still mean a cheap er house than in a less noisy and more desirable area. A bit of background would not go astray. Tunderstand that you are all familiar with the proposed development site at Manchester Park. It's a patticularly difficult one in terms of noise with the highway along the eastem perimeter and the Blacktown aitp ott not 3 kilometres away to the north. Of course, those nearest the highway will be the worst hit, with heavy traffic noise as well as the noise from the light planes overhead. As you all know, the normal noise threshold for private housing is, 55 decibels. At this site the levels have been recorded as high as 67 decibels, ‘The construction of the houses has to be somewhat modified from houses in most areas. In the houses on the highway and in the noisiest areas of this site there will be a need for specialised double glazing and special acoustic seals will have tobe fitted tothe doors. All exterior doors in this especially noisy pocket will have to be solid core wood doors with hinges. Every house built on this site, not just those adjacent to the highway or nearest to the airport, will require high density insulation materials in the roof. Not only will all the roof’: need insulating, the exterior walls will be required to be double brick. All ceilings will require double thickness plaster board to be used in the construction. In the noisiest areas mechanical ventilation will have to be installed in the exterior walls. In those areas with sealed windows it will be necessary to fit fans with absorbers to cut out the noise in those particular houses. Air conditioning units could also be fitted in the ceilings of such houses but this is substantially more expensive than fans, and may not be needed on this site Coming back now tothe double glazing I mentioned before. Specialised double glazing requires a larger air gap between the inner and outer glass than narmal double glazing. The ‘gap must be at least 7 centimetres, The thickness of the glass is also a factor, 8 millimetres an the outside and 6 on the inside pane. It is essential that the glass be thicker on the outside than on the inside and that the gap between the panes of glass be a minimum of 7 centimetres. Obviously, the noise factor will have to be taken into consideration with the layout of the houses. Living areas will have to be designed at the back of the houses away fiom the highway. Bedrooms and living rooms will have to be built towards the back, and for those houses closest to the highway two layers of plasterboard will be needed for the interior bedroom walls, Those rooms constructed at the front of the houses should be Thave come to the conclusion that this development should go ahead, but with various accustic modifications according to the position of the block in relation to the highway and intersection. 148 31 032 033 034 035 Example 236 037 3s 239 Q40