CANADIAN FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING, 6TH EDITION QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED 1, Exams of Nursing

Download CANADIAN FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING, 6TH EDITION QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED 1 and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! CANADIAN FUNDAMENTALS OF NURSING, 6TH EDITION QUESTIONS WITH 100% CORRECT ANSWERS GRADED 100% PASS 2024 LATEST UPDATED. You are a nurse researcher interviewing senior oncology nurses, asking them to describe how they deal with the loss of a patient. The analysis of the interviews yields common themes describing the nurses' grief. This is an example of which type of study? - Answer Qualitative study. (A qualitative study involves inductive reasoning to develop generalizations or theories from specific observations or interviews. Historical research establishes facts and relationships concerning past events. Correlational research is exploration of the interrelationships among variables of interest without any intervention by the researcher. An experimental study involves the use of tightly controlled subject groups, variables, and procedures to eliminate bias and ensure that findings can be generalized to similar groups of subjects.) An operating room nurse is talking with colleagues during a meeting. She asks, "I wonder if we would see fewer wound infections if we used chlorhexidine instead of povidone-iodine to clean the skin of our surgical patients? What does the P represent in this example of a PICOT question? - Answer Surgical patients. (Surgical patients are the patient population of interest (P) in the PICOT (patient population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time) question. The intervention is the cleaning of the skin, and the comparison of interest is between chlorhexidine use and povidone-iodine use. Operating room nurses are not an element of the PICOT question.) A nurse researcher is designing an exercise study that involves 100 patients who attend a wellness clinic. As the patients come to the clinic, each has a choice as to whether he or she wants to be in the new exercise program or remain in the traditional program. The nurse plans to measure the patients' self-report of exercise before and 6 months after the program begins. What factor might influence the results of this study in an unfavourable way? - Answer Sampling method. (Because the patients at the clinic are allowed their choice of the traditional versus the new exercise program, the sampling in this study is not random sampling.) The foundation of research is which of the following? - Answer Scientific method. (The scientific method is the foundation of research and is the most reliable and objective of all methods of obtaining knowledge. Documentation, critical thinking, and evidence are not the foundations of research.) A researcher gives a subject full and complete information about the purpose of a study. This is an example of which of the following? - Answer Informed consent. (Informed consent implies that the research subjects are given full and complete information about the purpose of the study, procedures, data collection, potential harms and benefits, and alternative methods of treatment. Confidentiality rules guarantee that any information the subject provides will not be reported to people outside the research team. Bias is any personal opinion or judgement that may be interjected into the results. Anonymity means that the subject's name and identifying information would not be disclosed during the research study.) A new nurse on an orthopedic unit is assigned to care for a patient undergoing skeletal traction. The nurse asks a colleague, "What is the best practice for cleaning pin sites in skeletal traction?" This question is an example of which of the following? - Answer Knowledge-focused trigger. (A knowledge-focused trigger is a question regarding new information available on a topic. A problem-focused trigger is one faced while the nurse is caring for a patient or noting a trend. The PICOT (population, intervention, comparison, outcome, time) format is a way to phrase a question to help clarify the question and the parts. A hypothesis is a prediction about the relationship between study variables.) theory is developed through the collection and analysis of qualitative data. Experimental research involves collecting information about human subjects who are assigned to a control group and a comparison group.) The nurse involved in scientific research effectively analyzes the information collected and determines a course of nursing action by doing which of the following? - Answer Using critical thinking. (Critical thinking involves analyzing the data, learning, and problem solving to come up with a course of action. Tradition limits the ability to learn new ways and overlooks what research has to offer. The advice of experienced practitioners may limit research because experience may mean doing things the same way they have been done for years. Using personal opinion overlooks the objective data that are available.) A nurse manager is researching the effects of staff shortages on job satisfaction among new graduates. Which of the following would be the most effective way to gather data? - Answer By interviewing staff nurses on the unit regarding their perceptions. (A qualitative research study can be carried out effectively, in this case, in order to explore and describe the perceptions of staff nurses about staff shortages and their job satisfaction. Through narrative interviews, the participants' perceptions can be compared, and common characteristics can be discovered. It is difficult to collect data about perceptions or feelings without talking to those involved. Quantitative survey and experimental research involves precise measurements and would not be of use in this study of perceptions. Although obtaining suggestions for possible solutions could be useful, it does not help to identify the problems on this specific unit. The data must be collected first.) Which of the following could be a barrier to nursing research? - Answer Shortage of professional nursing staff. (Shortage of staff could mean less time and personnel to conduct and participate in research. Nursing teams that have teamwork skills can aid research. The desire to change is an incentive for research. Pressure from higher levels in the organization is also an incentive for research.) An advanced-practice nurse in the community has completed a research project showing that follow-up care for women who have experienced gestational diabetes is not adequate. As a member of an interdisciplinary team, the nurse writes a policy guiding follow-up standards for all postpartum women. In effecting change, the nurse would be involving which principle? - Answer Social justice. (The concept of social justice is also related to a concern for equitable distribution of resources, like the principle of justice, but goes beyond this, encouraging the nurse to seek ways to effect a change in the larger health care system and societal structure in order to create greater equity for all. In this example, the nurse is moving toward this in the actions of writing a policy. Autonomy is the ability to operate independently. In this case, the nurse is working as part of an interdisciplinary team and not focusing on upholding a patient's autonomy. Ethics of care is a philosophy of care not specifically referred to here.) It may seem redundant that health care providers pledge to "do no harm" to patients. The purpose of this oath is to reassure the public that the health care team will work to heal patients with as little pain and harm as possible. Which principle underlies this pledge? - Answer Nonmaleficence. (Nonmaleficence means not causing harm. Beneficence means providing the best care possible. Accountability refers to answerability for one's actions. Respect for autonomy means allowing patients to choose their own course of care.) A child's immunization may cause discomfort during administration, but the benefits of protection from disease outweigh the temporary discomforts. Which principle applies to this situation? - Answer Beneficence. (Beneficence means doing or promoting good for others. Commitment to beneficence helps guide difficult decisions. Balancing the risks between the temporary pain of an injection and the extended benefits is an example. Fidelity means being true to one's work. Nonmaleficence means doing no harm. Respect for autonomy means giving allowing patients to choose their own course of care.) If the nurse assesses a patient for pain and then offers a plan to manage the pain, which principle encourages the nurse to monitor the patient's response to the pain management plan? - Answer Fidelity. (Fidelity means keeping the promises that are made. If the nurse offers to manage pain, then the nurse needs to follow through and ensure that the pain is controlled. Beneficence means taking positive actions to help others. Nonmaleficence means doing no harm. Respect for autonomy means allowing patients to choose their own care.) Nurses agree to be advocates for their patients. The practice of advocacy calls for the nurse to do which of the following? - Answer Assess the patient's point of view, and prepare to articulate this point of view. (As an advocate, the nurse needs to understand the patient's point of view and then be prepared to verbalize that point of view to others involved in the patient's care. Understanding the law, seeking advice from a manager, and ensuring that prescribers' orders are completed correctly can all help in advocacy, but they are not themselves acts of advocacy.) When many people share the same values, it may be possible to identify a philosophy of utilitarianism. Which of the following statements is a principle of utilitarianism? - Answer The value of something is determined by its usefulness to society; this concept is also known by the guiding principle of "greatest good" for the greatest number of people. (According to a utilitarian system of ethics, the value of something is determined by its usefulness for the greatest number of people.) Relational ethics suggests that ethical dilemmas can best be attended to by focusing on attention to which of the following? - Answer Relationships. (Relational ethics focuses on the role of relational context or the experience of the relationships in shaping moral decisions.) In most ethical dilemmas, the solution to the dilemma requires negotiation among members of the health care team. Why is the nurse's point of view valuable? - Answer Nurses develop a relationship with the patient that is unique among all health care providers. Values clarification is a process that involves which of the following? - Answer Appraising one's personal values that arise from careful reflection. Which of the following are true regarding advance care planning? (Select all that apply.) - Answer A. It includes the expression and comprehension of a patient's beliefs and values. Correct B. It is a multidimensional process that involves health care providers. Correct C. The patient's family is not included in this planning. D. Patients can also identify surrogate decision makers, should they become unable to make their own health care decisions. Correct E. The number of unwanted medical interventions is increased. F. This approach remains underutilized in health care. Correct Advance care planning (ACP) - Answer Advance care planning (ACP) is a multidimensional process that involves health care providers in discussion with patients to ensure that they clearly understand their illness, its trajectory, and available treatment options. ACP includes the expression and comprehension of a patient's beliefs and values and the translation of these beliefs and values into medical decisions. During the ACP process, patients can also identify surrogate decision makers who can act if they become unable to make their own health care decisions. Despite its benefits, ACP remains an underutilized tool in health care. The nurse recognizes which correct interpretation of advance-directive provisions? - Answer A proxy directive allows an appointed person to make health care decisions when the patient is in an incapacitated state. The nurse notes that the health care unit keeps a list of patients' names at the front desk in clear view so that health care providers can more efficiently locate patients. The nurse knows that this action is a violation of which of the following? - Answer Common law tort relating to invasion of privacy. Nurses are bound by a variety of laws. Which of the following descriptions of types of law is correct? - Answer Statutory law is created by elected legislatures, such as the provincial or territorial legislature that defines the nursing practice act. A patient who is confused is left alone in bed with the side rails down and the bed in a high position, and the patient falls and breaks a hip. In legal terms, what has occurred? - Answer Negligence Battery defined - Answer Battery is the actual unlawful touching of another, whether threat of harm is included or not. Assault defined - Answer Assault is the threat to engage in harmful or offensive contact. Civil tort - Answer A civil tort is a civil wrong committed against a person or property. An example of a tort involving property would be to lose the patient's dentures by misplacing them. When the nurse signs a form as a witness, the nurse's signature shows which of the following regarding the patient? - Answer The patient has signed that form and the witness saw it being done. (indicates only that the person signing the form was indeed the person whose name was on the form. The witness does not have to know whether the patient was fully informed or not. The witnessing agent is indicating no judgement about the level of cognitive function of the patient by signing as a witness. The nurse should assess for coercion, but the signature of the witness is not an acknowledgement of having performed such an assessment. If the witness feels that someone is forcing a patient to sign, however, then the witness may refuse to sign, and the contract is then void (unless a different witness signs).) Most litigation involving hospital care is related to which of the following situations? - Answer The nurse follows an order that is incomplete or incorrect. A patient can be admitted to a mental health facility and treated without his or her consent under which of the following circumstances? - Answer The patient has threatened to harm himself or herself or others. (police officers (or other authorized parties) may bring the patient to a health care facility for examination and treatment without the patient's consent. The next of kin cannot override a patient's autonomy. Although a psychotic episode may have potential untoward effects, the patient must be the one to consent to treatment.) The best way for a nurse to avoid being liable for negligence might be to do which of the following? (Select all that apply.) - Answer - Follow standards of care. - Give safe, competent care in a caring manner. - Document assessments, interventions, and evaluations as soon as possible after performing them. A nurse is sued for failure to monitor a patient appropriately. Which statements are correct about professional negligence lawsuits? (Select all that apply.) A. The nurse is the plaintiff. B. The person filing the lawsuit has the burden of proof. C. The defendant must prove injury, damage, or loss. D. The plaintiff must prove that a breach in the prevailing standard of care caused an injury. - Answer B. The person filing the lawsuit has the burden of proof. Correct D. The plaintiff must prove that a breach in the prevailing standard of care caused an injury. Correct (The plaintiff, the person filing the suit, has the burden of proof and must prove that a breach in the prevailing standards of care caused an injury. The nurse would be a defendant in this case. The plaintiff, not the defendant, must prove injury, damage, or loss.) The nurse must follow standards of care to avoid potential litigation such as negligence suits. Which of the following describe a potential nursing malpractice situation? (Select all that apply.) - Answer 1. Failure to question a health care provider about the appropriateness of a patient order. Correct 2. Failure to make a nursing diagnosis. Correct 3. Failure to properly use medical equipment ordered for patient monitoring. Correct