Understanding Cancer: Types, Causes, and Prevention, Quizzes of Biology

Download Understanding Cancer: Types, Causes, and Prevention and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 Death Rates DEFINITION 1 Men - 294,120. long and bronchus, prostate, colon and rectum Women - 271530. long and bronchus, breast, colon and rectum TERM 2 Carcinomas DEFINITION 2 most common. comes from cells that cover external and internal body surfaces. lung, breast and colon are the most frequent. 85% of cancers TERM 3 Sarcomas DEFINITION 3 arise from cells found in the supporting tissues bone, cartilage, fat, connective tissue, and muscle 2-3% or cancers TERM 4 Lymphomas DEFINITION 4 arise in the lymph nodes and tissues of the body's immune system spleen, tonsils (swollen lymph nodes) TERM 5 Leukemias DEFINITION 5 cancer of the immature blood cells that grow in bone marrow and tend to accumulate in large numbers in the blood stream are at risk for infection because white blood cells are not active TERM 6 Normal Cells DEFINITION 6 1. reproduce themselves exactly (clones) 2. stop reproducing at the right time (do what told) 3. stick together in the right place (kidney stays in kidney) 4. self destruct if they are damaged (apoptosis - damaged cells commit suicide so they can't reproduce) TERM 7 Cancer Cells DEFINITION 7 1. do not stop reproducing (checkpoints affected) 2. do not obey signals from other cells 3. do not stick together (tumor invasion and metastasis) 4. capillary blood supply to cells may increase abnormally (angiogenesis) feed off of our own blood supply TERM 8 Benign Tumors DEFINITION 8 aren't cancerous. can often be removed and usually do not come back. cells do not spread to other parts of the body TERM 9 Malignant Tumors DEFINITION 9 cancerous. cells can invade nearby tissues and spread to other parts of the body. they spread of cancer from on part of the body to another is metastasis. TERM 10 Risk Factors DEFINITION 10 smoking age radiation poor diet lack of physical activity TERM 21 Chemotherapy DEFINITION 21 can cure cancer - no cancer cells, don't grow back control cancer - stops spread, slows growth ease cancer symptoms (palliative care) - shrinks tumors causing pain side effects - nausea, hair loss, fatigue, bruising/bleeding, anemia, infection sometimes permanent damage to heart, lungs, kidneys, or reproductive organs, may cause second cancer to show up later in life TERM 22 Hormone Therapy DEFINITION 22 add, blocks, or removes hormones that feed cancer cells Breast Cancer - Tamoxifen inhibits estrogen Prostate Cancer - Antiandrogen Therapy may include surgery - orchiectomy removes the testicles to stop testosterone production TERM 23 Immunotherapy DEFINITION 23 interferons - tumor inhibitors, may stimulate NK cells, T cells and macrophages to boost anticancer function monoclonal antibody - more targeted, interferes with growth of cancer cell. first inject human cancer cells into mice, mice make antibodies, remove mice plasma cells and use them to produce hybrid cells that produce pure MOABs cancer vaccine - prophylactic (gardasil) and therapeutic side effects - interferons cause flu-like symptoms, fatigue, affected blood pressure TERM 24 Angiogenesis Inhibitors DEFINITION 24 inhibit tumor growth and metastasis, starve the tumor mild side affects, less drug resistant disadvantage - doesn't kill tumor (stabilizes), interferes with normal angiogenesis, immune system compromised causing increased risk for infection TERM 25 Gene Therapy DEFINITION 25 1. replace missing/altered genes with healthy genes 2. stimulate body's natural ability to fight cancer cells 3. insert genes to make cells more susceptible to chemo/radiation 4. intro to suicide genes into cancer cells 5. prevent cancer cells from developing new blood vessels (angiogenesis) delivered either in vivo or ex vivo TERM 26 Gene Delivery Dangers DEFINITION 26 1. might infect healthy cells 2. insertional mutagenesis - viral vector can stimulate genes that may result in another cancer 3. new gene inserted in the wrong location, leading to new mutations of DNA 4. gene may be overexpressed producing too much of the missing protein