CBIC A IPC Exam questions with answers, Exams of Nursing

Download CBIC A IPC Exam questions with answers and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! CBIC A IPC Exam questions with answers Certification Board of Infection Control and Epidemiology (CBIC) ✔board that administers certification process for professionals in infection control and epidemiology National Commission on Certifying Agencies ✔accredits CBIC and a committee of the National Competency Assessment Organization CBIC Mission statement ✔to protect the public through the development, administration, and promotion of an accredited certification in infection prevention and control CDC ✔Center for Disease Control APIC ✔Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology. CDC and APIC ✔made standards for practice administrative controls ✔admin measures to reduce risks of pathogenic transmissions in health care settings aerosols ✔small particles less than 10 micrometers that remain airborne and viable for extended periods of time in the environment (water and air syringes) airborne transmission ✔pathogen that's airborne then possibly inhaled by the host as droplet nuclei alcohol-based hand rub ✔reduces number of viable microorganisms on hands allergen ✔antigen that can cause hypersensitivity and an allergic reaction in the host allergic contact dermatitis ✔swelling/irritation of the skin from contact with a chemical anaphylaxis ✔Severe allergic reaction antibodies ✔Specialized proteins that aid in destroying infectious agents antigens ✔protein/carbohydrate that enters body and activates immune process by stimulating the production of protective antibodies antiseptic ✔germicidal solution to inhibit growth/destroy microorganisms asepsis ✔method to prevent spread of infection bacterial count ✔Method of estimating the number of bacteria per unit sample. bio-burden ✔The number of viable organisms in or on an object or surface or the organic material on a surface or object before decontamination or sterilization. Biological indicators ✔devices that can be used to monitor the effectiveness of sterilization processes to effectively destroy microorganisms and spores Blood borne pathogens ✔Disease-causing organisms transferred through contact with blood or other body fluids blood-borne pathogens standard ✔a secreted product of the nucleocapsid gene of HBV and is found in serum during acute and chronic HBV infection. Its presence indicates that the virus is replicating and serves as a marker of increased infectivity. Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) ✔the protective antibody against the surface antigen of the hepatitis B virus (HBsAg). Presence in the blood can indicate past infection with, and immunity to, hepatitis B virus, or an immune response from hepatitis B vaccine. high-level disinfection ✔inactivation of bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, and viruses but not large numbers of bacterial spores hypersensitivity ✔allergic immune response to an antigen iatrogenic ✔infections and other complications result accidentally from a medical intervention/diagnostic procedure immunity ✔protection against a disease active immunity ✔antibodies created in response to an antigen passive immunity ✔fetus gets immunity from mother natural immunity ✔gets antibodies because they've been infected (active immunity) artificial immunity ✔received immunizations against infection (active immunity) immunization ✔immune by injection indirect contact transmission ✔host has contact w/contaminated inanimate object intermediate level disinfection ✔deactivates vegetative bacteria, most fungi, mycobacteria, and most viruses but not spores low-level disinfection ✔deactivates most vegetative bacteria, some fungi, some viruses, not resistant to spores and mycobacteria mechanical indicators ✔indicate time, temp and/or pressure during sterilization medical regulated waste ✔bio-hazardous waste that can cause infection w/out proper handling and disposal noncritical medical devices ✔Those that do not touch the patient or are only expected to touch intact skin occupational exposure ✔exposure of a healthcare worker to an infectious organism during course of work opportunistic infections ✔microorganism that does not ordinarily cause disease but is capable of doing so particulate respirator ✔respirator to protect healthcare workers from airborne pathogens (like TB) -must be custom fitted, fit-tested and maintained personal protective equipment ✔Specialized clothing or equipment, worn by an employee for protection against infectious materials (as defined by OSHA). post-exposure prophylaxis ✔prevention of infection after being exposed to an infectious agent prevalence ✔Number of new and old or existing cases in a specific population within a specified time period prions ✔infectious protein particles that do not have nucleic acid that lead to neurological diseases resident flora ✔microorganisms that normally reside on the skin, mucous membranes, and inside the respiratory and gastrointestinal tracts semi-critical medical devices ✔Come into contact with mucosal membranes sero-conversion ✔production of antibodies by a person with no prior detectable antibodies spaulding classification ✔category of medical devices and the degree of sterilization or disinfection that is needed sterilants ✔destroy all microorganisms, including endospores sterile/sterility ✔Free from all living micro-organisms sterilization ✔The process that completely destroys all microbial life, including spores. surfactants ✔agents that clean surfaces by reducing surface tension, emulsifying and loosening debris transient flora ✔microorganisms in or on the body with certain conditions and limited periods of time transmission-based precautions ✔measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases from people suspected to be infected or colonized with highly transmissible pathogens that require measures fungi ✔A kingdom made up of nongreen, eukaryotic organisms that have no means of movement, reproduce by using spores, and get food by breaking down substances in their surroundings and absorbing the nutrients mutualistic ✔both organisms benefit antagonistic ✔harm the fungi's host commensal ✔neither harm nor benefit superficial fungal infections ✔affect epidermis and hair (ringworm) cutaneous fungal infecitons ✔invasive hair and nail infections (athletes foot) subcutaneous fungal infections ✔affect all layers of skin to muscles to fascia (from deep puncture wounds) systemic fungi infections ✔highly virulent,can spread to virtually all organs of the body parasites ✔lives in/on host gets food from expense of its host giardia ✔A microorganism that infects the digestive system -waterborne -transmitted through food and person-to-person contact -some just carriers -watery, foul smelling diarrhea, fatigue, malaise, abdominal cramps, bloating, nausea, weight loss, belching gas -symptoms last 2-4 weeks -treatment: mild go away automatically, severe->antibiotics (metronidazole, tinidazole, nitazoxanide) tapeworms ✔occur through contamination of tapeworm eggs/larvae in food or water -invasive infection: tapeworm eggs outside intestines and form larval cysts in bodily tissue or organs -intestinal infection: tapeworm larvae ingested and develop into adult tapeworms in the intestines -usually no symptoms -can include nausea, weakness, loss of appetite, abdominal pain, diarrhea, weight loss, inadequate absorption of nutrients from food -treatment: many exit on their own -praziquantel, albendazole, nitazoxanide -invasive: antihelmintic (albendazole), anti-inflammatory and corticosterioids (prednisone/dexmethasone) pinworms ✔most common parasitic roundworm of children in the US -some no symptoms -itching of anus/vaginal area, insomnia, pain and nausea -treatment: antiparasitic( mebendazole or albendazole) given to whole household lice ✔feed on blood, found on head, body and pubic area "crabs" -intense itching and small, red bumps on the scalp, neck and shoulders -treatment: OTC shampoo, malathion, benzyl alcohol lotion or lindane maggot infestation ✔aka myiasis -aural: buzzing in ear, ear discharge (foul smelling), larvae can enter brain if affecting middle and inner ear -cutaneous: boils for extensive period -ophthalmomyiasis: eye irritation, pain and edema -nasal: congestion and obstruction, fever, facial edema -treatment: surgical removal and antibiotics scabies ✔caused by Sarcoptes scabiei (burrowing mite) -contagious and spread quickly -itchiness, thin irregular burrow tracks of tiny blisters or bumps -found between fingers, armpits, inner elbow, soles of feet, breasts, male genital, inside wrists, waist -in children, found on scalp, face, neck, palms and soles -treatment: permethrin 5%, lindane, crotamiton (some ivermectin) reservoir ✔The environment in which a microbe lives and grows; host direct transmission ✔direct contact with pathogen and spread of an infectious droplet indirect transmission ✔contact by inanimate objects airborne transmission ✔carried in dust or droplets vehicle transmission ✔transmission with an infectious product that is in water, blood and even inanimate objects vector transmission ✔live beings that spread infections by relatively direct mechanical means susceptible host ✔a person likely to get an infection or disease, usually because body defenses are weak risk ✔probability that an infection will occur more often in one person or group than another rate ✔measurement of the frequency of an event that occurs in a specified period of time of a specific population incidence ✔The number of new cases of a condition during a given period of time. epidemics ✔infectious disease occurrence that is greater than expected pandemics ✔A worldwide outbreak of disease. how do infections affect urine? ✔make if odorous what's present in UTI's ✔nitrites, leukocyte esterase shows WBCs/leukocytes biopsies ✔diagnose infections and inflammations caused by fungi, pneumonia and temporal arteritis epidemiology ✔the study of how disease rates vary among different population groups epidemiological triad ✔agent, host, environment antimicrobial classifications ✔microbicidal: agents destroy microbes microbiostatics: inhibit growth and reproduction aminoglycosides ✔genamicin, neomycin ansamycins ✔streptomycin, rifaximin carbapenems ✔doripenem, ettapenem 1st gen cephalosporins ✔cefazolin, cefalexin 2nd gen cephalosporins ✔cefoxitin, cefaclor 3rd gen cephalosporins ✔ceifixime, cefdinir 4th gen cephalosporins ✔cefclidine, cefepime 5th gen cephalosporins ✔ceftobiprole, ceftaroline fosamil glycopeptides ✔Vancomycin Telavancin Lincosamides ✔Clindamycin Lincomycin macrolides ✔Erythromycin spiramycin nitrofurans ✔Nitrofurantoin furazolidone penicillins ✔ampicillin carbenicillin quinolones ✔coprofloxacin, levofloxacine sulfonamides ✔sliver sulfadiazine, mefenide tetracyclines ✔Tetracycline Doxycycline antifungal classifications ✔polyene azole allylamine/morpholine antimetabolite antivirals ✔for specific viruses, commonly for retroviruses antiparasite drugs ✔atovaquone-proguanil metronidazole, tinidazole, ivermectin, pyrantel pamoate, albendazole malaria treatment drug ✔atovaquone-proguanil Amebiasis, Giardiasis, Trichomoniasis treatment drug ✔metronidazole, tinidazole pinworms, roundworms, lice, scabies treatment drug ✔ivermectin enterobiasis, hookworms treatment drug ✔pyrantel pamoate tapeworm treatment drug ✔albendazole surveillance ✔methodical, ongoing and systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data relating to a public health concern likert scales ✔measure how strongly a person agrees or disagrees with a specific statement guttman scales ✔comparative scaling of least to most extreme cross sectional studies ✔from subjects relating to their disease and exposure status -explore relationship between a variable and a disease agencies that make recommendations of outbreak reports ✔CDC and NORS isolation ✔for those who are ill quarantine ✔to people and things that were exposed autoclave ✔apparatus for sterilizing by steam under pressure bactericide ✔substance that kills bacteria biofilm ✔A microbial community that usually forms as a slimy layer on a surface. contact time ✔The specific period of time during which objects being sanitized must be immersed in a solution. The contact time depends on the type of sanitizer being used. control, positive ✔biologic indicator, left unexposed to sterilization cycle and then incubated to verify the viability detergent ✔cleansing agent d value ✔amount of time required to kill 90% of microorganisms present endoscope ✔an instrument used for visual examination of internal structures flash sterilization ✔The process by which unwrapped instruments are steam sterilized for immediate use when an emergency situation arises, is called: fungicide ✔kills fungi (including yeasts) general disinfectant ✔EPA-registered disinfectant for use w/ gram - and gram + bacteria (broad spectrum antibiotic) germicidal detergent ✔detergent that's also an EPA-registered disinfectant high-level disinfectant ✔can kill bacterial spores limited disinfectant ✔only for specific major group of organisms lipid virus ✔virus whose core is surrounded by a coat of lipoprotein low-level disinfectant ✔Disinfectant that destroys certain viruses and fungi; used for general housecleaning minimum effective concentration (MEC) ✔minimum concentration of a chemical germicide needed to achieve claimed microbicidal activity non-lipid viruses ✔more resistant to inactivation parametric release ✔declaration that product is sterile on the basis of physical/chemical process data sanitizer ✔agents that reduce microbial numbers to a safe level but do not completely eliminate all microbes spore ✔A reproductive cell with a hard, protective coating steam quality ✔steam characteristic reflecting the dryness fraction and the level of non- condensable gas -should not fall below 97% steam sterilization ✔Uses steam under pressure to obtain high temperature of 250 - 245F with exposure times of 20 - 40 minutes depending on the item being timed as it hits the correct temperature listed above-maximum shelf life is 30 days for a sterile pack.