CCMA Certification Exam 2024 Study Guide || Questions & Answers (Graded A+), Exams of Medical Sciences

Download CCMA Certification Exam 2024 Study Guide || Questions & Answers (Graded A+) and more Exams Medical Sciences in PDF only on Docsity! CCMA Certification Exam 2024 Study Guide || Questions & Answers (Graded A+) Chief complaint CC - ANSWER - The reason a patient called for help. Also, the patient's response to questions such as "What's wrong?" or "What happened?" History of present illness HPI - ANSWER - Explains the chief complaint. A chronological description of the development of the patient's present illness from the first sign or symptom or from the previous encounter to the present. Vital Signs - ANSWER - Temperature, pulse, respiration, and Blood pressure are all ___________ ___________. Normal oral temperature - ANSWER - 97.6F - 99.6F intermittent fever - ANSWER - Fever that alternates between elevated and normal or subnormal body temperatures. Remittent fever - ANSWER - fever in which temperature fluctuates greatly but never falls to the normal level. Continuous fever - ANSWER - A fever that remains constant above the baseline, does not fluctuate. 60-100 BPM - ANSWER - Normal pulse rate Respirations - ANSWER - Rate, rhythm, and depth are taken into account when measuring what? Systole - ANSWER - contraction of the heart Diastole - ANSWER - relaxation of the heart Anthropometric measurements - ANSWER - Measurement of height, (length rather than height is used in infants because they cannot stand.), weight, BMI, head circumference in infants, waist to hip, % of body fat. Inspection - ANSWER - General appearance, state of nutrition, body habits, symmetry, pasture and gait, speech. palpation - ANSWER - to examine by touch Percussion - ANSWER - physical examination method of tapping over the body to elicit vibrations and sounds to estimate the size, border, or fluid content of a cavity such as the chest. Ausculation - ANSWER - the act of listening to sounds arising within organs (as the lungs or heart) as an aid to diagnosis and treatment. OSHA - ANSWER - a government agency in the Department of Labor to maintain a safe and healthy work environment cardiopulmonary resuscitation - ANSWER - an emergency procedure for life support consisting of artificial respiration and manual external cardiac compression SHOCK - ANSWER - This is caused by inadequate blood flow to the heart and in turn to the rest of the body. Symptoms of shock - ANSWER - Pale, cold, clammy skin rapid, weak pulse increased shallow breathing expressionless face or staring eyes are all ____________ ___ _________. First aid for Shock - ANSWER - maintain open airway for the victim, call for assistance, keep victim lying down w/ head lower than rest of body; attempt to control bleeding or other cause of shock if known; keep victim warm until help arrives Portal of exit - ANSWER - Method in which a infectious agent leaves the reservoir. Ex: contact with body fluids such as blood or saliva. mode of transmission - ANSWER - contact, droplet, air, vehicles, or vectorborne Portal of entry - ANSWER - A pathway by which the causative agent enters the host. The area in which a microorganism enters the body. They may be cuts, lesions, injection sites, or natural body orifices. Susceptible host - ANSWER - An individual who has little resistance to an infectious agent. Disinfection - ANSWER - Process used to destroy microorganisms; destroys all pathogenic organisms except spores, can only be used on inanimate objects. Will not be used for invasive procedures, and will not be inserted into body orifices nor be used in sterile procedure. Chemical sterilization - ANSWER - Uses the same chemical used for disinfection, but exposure time is longer. 5mm - ANSWER - 1 large square on EKG grid is equal to 1mv - ANSWER - 2 large squares on EKG grid is equal to .04 seconds or 40m seconds - ANSWER - 1 small square on eKG grid is equal to how much time? .2 seconds or 200m seconds - ANSWER - 1 large square on eKG grid is equal to how much time? 1 second or 1000 m seconds - ANSWER - 5 large squares on eKG grid is equal to how much time? 25mm per second - ANSWER - The running speed of an EKG is? Horizontal axis - ANSWER - What represents time on an EKG? Vertical axis - ANSWER - What represents amplitude on an EKG? P Wave - ANSWER - Deflection produced by Atrial depolarization. Normal range does not exceed 0.11s in duration or 2.55mm in height. T wave - ANSWER - Deflection produced by ventricular repolarization QRS complex - ANSWER - Ventricular depolarization Somatic tremors - ANSWER - Patients tremors or shaking the wires can produce jittery patterns on the EKG tracing. Wandering baseline - ANSWER - sweat or lotion on the patients skin or tension on the electrode wires can interfere with the signal going to the EKG apparatus causing the baseline of the tracing to move up and down on the EKG paper. 60-cycle interference - ANSWER - can produce deflections occurring at rapid rate that may mimic atrial flutter. this is caused by electrical appliances or apparatus being used nearby while the tracing is taken. broken recording - ANSWER - the stylus goes up and down trying to find the signal. tis can be caused by loose electrode or cables, or by frayed or broken wires arrhythmia - ANSWER - abnormal heart rhythms Ischemia - ANSWER - decreased blood flow to tissue caused by constriction or occlusion of a blood vessel can cause chest pain or angina Myocardial infarction - ANSWER - Death of myocardial cells PR segment - ANSWER - .16 mm/s; line from the end of the P wave to the onset of the QRS complex ST segment - ANSWER - From J point to the onset of the T wave; if elevated above base line could indicate myocardial infarction (STEMI) Beta Blockers - ANSWER - Reduce heart rate, blood pressure, myocardial oxygen consumption, effectively treat angina pectoris and hypertension. Contraindicated for cardiac stress test. 5-6 liters - ANSWER - The average adult has __ - ___ _______ of blood. 55% - ANSWER - How much of our blood is plasma? 45% - ANSWER - How much of our blood is made up of formed elements? RBC, WBC, Platelets 99% - ANSWER - ____ Of formed elements are Red Blood cells Erythrocytes - ANSWER - Oxygen carrying protein RBC's 120 days - ANSWER - What is the normal lifespan of an RBC? 4.2-6.2 Million - ANSWER - How many RBC's are the per microliter of blood? Thrombocytes - ANSWER - Platelets are irregularly shaped packets of cytoplasm formed in the bone marrow from megakaryocytes. Promote blood coagulation. 140,000-440,000 - ANSWER - What is the average number of platelets per microliter of blood? Leukocytes - ANSWER - WBC that proves the body protection again infection. 5,000-10,000 - ANSWER - What is the normail amount of Leukocytes for an adult per microliter? Leukocytosis - ANSWER - Increased WBC's Leukopenia - ANSWER - Decreased WBC's Neutrophils - ANSWER - These WBC's are the most numerous and they comprise between 40-60%. of the WBC's Lymphocytes - ANSWER - THe second most numerous WBC, comprise between 20- 40% of the WBC's Monocytes - ANSWER - Makes up 3-8% of WBC's population they are the LARGEST WBC's. Eosinophils - ANSWER - Represent 1-3% of WBC populations. fight antibody foreign materials. Basophils - ANSWER - Account for 0-1% of WBC's in the blood. They carry histamines to be released in case of an allergic reaction. Hemostasis - ANSWER - The process by which blood vessels are repaired after injury. Prevents blood clot formation after venipuncture vascular stage, Platelet phase, coagulation phase, fibrinolysis - ANSWER - Name the four stages of Hemostasis. guage, needle - ANSWER - The smaller the needle ________ is the larger the diameter of the _______ is. needle adapters - ANSWER - Also known as hubs or needle holders; one end has a small opening that connects the needle, and the other end has a wide opening to hold the collection tube. Winged infusion sets - ANSWER - They are used for venipuncture on small veins such as those in the hand. The are also used for venipuncture in the elderly and pediatric patients. median cubital vein - ANSWER - The vein of choice because is it large and does not tend to move the the needle is inserted. Cephalic vein - ANSWER - The second choice for venipuncture. It is usually more difficult to locate and has a tendency to move, however, it is often the only vein that can be palpated in the obese patients. Basilic Vein - ANSWER - The third choice for venipunctures. It is the least firmly anchored and located near the brachial artery. If the needle is inserted too deep, this artery may be punctured. 3-4 inches above the venipuncture site - ANSWER - Where should the tourniquet be placed when performing venipuncture? 1. Blood cultures, 2. light blue top tubes 3. Serum (red or gray tubes) 4. green top tubes 5. lavender top tubes