Download Central Dogma: Replication, Transcription, and Translation in Molecular Biology and more Slides Genetics in PDF only on Docsity! CENTRAL DOGMA COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C8T: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, UNIT-3: CENTRAL DOGMA AND GENETIC CODE. DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP ASSISTANT PROFESSOR DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE WHAT IS CENTRAL DOGMA A theory in genetics and molecular biology subject to several exceptions that genetic information is coded in self replicating DNA and undergoes unidirectional transfer to m-RNA in transcription which act as templates for protein synthesis in translation. COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C8T: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, UNIT-3: CENTRAL DOGMA AND GENETIC CODE. REPLICATION The process by which a double stranded DNA molecule is copied to produce two identical DNA molecules. DNA replication takes place by three steps― 1. Initiation 2. Elongation 3. Termination COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C8T: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, UNIT-3: CENTRAL DOGMA AND GENETIC CODE. 1. INITIATION The double helix DNA bind helicase enzyme and unwind by breaking the H-bonds between complementary base pairs. Fig. Initiation COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C8T: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, UNIT-3: CENTRAL DOGMA AND GENETIC CODE. 2. ELONGATION A new DNA strand grows one base at a time. The existing strand is a template for the new strand. The enzyme DNA polymerase controls the process. 3. TERMINATION Two new double stranded DNA have replaced the original helix. Finally, nuclease enzyme proofread the new double helix structure and remove mispaired bases. DNA polymerase fills the gaps created by the excised bases. COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C8T: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, UNIT-3: CENTRAL DOGMA AND GENETIC CODE. • A enzyme RNA-polymarase bind to promoter region. • Unwind the double helix and form transcription bubble. • RNA-polymarase read the nucleotide sequence and copy to m-RNA. 1. INITIATION COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C8T: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, UNIT-3: CENTRAL DOGMA AND GENETIC CODE. RNA-polymarase moves along the template strand and synthesising an m-RNA molecule. 2. ELONGATION COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C8T: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, UNIT-3: CENTRAL DOGMA AND GENETIC CODE. There are two way of termination- i. Rho- dependent: A protein factor called Rho- factor is responsible for disrupting RNA- polymarase from template strand. ii. Rho- independent: A loop forms at the end of the RNA molecule for detach itself. 3. TERMINATION COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C8T: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, UNIT-3: CENTRAL DOGMA AND GENETIC CODE. The ribosome assembles around the target mRNA. The first tRNA is attached at the start codon. 1. INITIATION COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C8T: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, UNIT-3: CENTRAL DOGMA AND GENETIC CODE. The t-RNA forms an amino acid by read the codon sequence. The ribosome then moves to the next m-RNA codon to continue the process and creating an amino acid chain. 2. ELONGATION COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C8T: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, UNIT-3: CENTRAL DOGMA AND GENETIC CODE. When a peptidyl t-RNA binds with a stop codon, then the ribosome folds the polypeptide into its final structure. 3. TERMINATION COMPILED AND CIRCULATED BY DR. UTTAM KUMAR KANP, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR, DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY, NARAJOLE RAJ COLLEGE BOTANY: SEM-IV, PAPER-C8T: MOLECULAR BIOLOGY, UNIT-3: CENTRAL DOGMA AND GENETIC CODE.
