Understanding Stroke: Definition, Forms, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention, Exams of Nursing

Download Understanding Stroke: Definition, Forms, Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, and Prevention and more Exams Nursing in PDF only on Docsity! Cerebral Vascular Accident –Stroke Exam Questions with Answers Definition - Correct answer A stroke is a condition when the blood flow to the brain is blocked/stopped and cannot carry blood or oxygen to the brain. http://www.stroke.org/site/PageServer?pagename=stroke Forms - Correct answer Ischemic stroke: when a blood vessel carrying nutrients such as oxygen is blocked Hemorrhagic stroke: when a vessel is ruptured and begins to bleed http://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/healthlibrary/conditions/nervous_system_disorders/ history_of_stroke_85,P00223/ History - Correct answer Stroke was first discovered in the middle of the 17th century by a man named Jacob Wafer, who related that blockages in blood vessels can cause paralysis/numbness or trouble walking. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/stroke.htm Impact - Correct answer Stroke is currently the fourth leading cause of death in the U.S. http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/ Causes - Correct answer The main cause of stroke is the blockage or bleeding out of an artery. Risks that may lead to stroke include high cholesterol, obesity, and lack of exercise. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/causes/con-20042884 Population Effects - Correct answer Every year, it is estimated that about 800,000 Americans have a stroke. http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/ Disease Prevalence - Correct answer Stroke is most likely to occur in African- American males. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/risk-factors/con-20042884 Most Common Symptoms - Correct answer The most common symptoms of stroke are paralysis/numbness and slurred speech. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/symptoms/con-20042884 Most Painful Symptom - Correct answer The most painful symptom is a severe headache, which could lead to nausea/vomiting and dizziness. Intravenous Medication - Correct answer Another treatment is the injection of tissue plasminogen activator (TPA) intravenously to rid the blood of any clots. Side effects include slight bleeding, although brain bleeding can occur and be fatal. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/treatment/con-20042884 http://www.medicinenet.com/alteplase/article.htm Clot Removal - Correct answer One way blood clots can be removed is by a doctor using a catheter to transport a device to the patient's brain and manually break any clots in the brain. The most common side effect is pain in the removal site. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/treatment/con-20042884 http://www.radiologyinfo.org/en/info.cfm?pg=thrombo Carotid Endarterectomy - Correct answer During this procedure, a doctor will make an incision near the carotid artery to physically remove any plaque that is prohibiting blood flow. The most common side effect is pain in incision site. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/treatment/con-20042884 http://my.clevelandclinic.org/services/endarterectomy/ vs_carotid_endarterectomy_overview.aspx Angioplasty/Stent - Correct answer With this treatment, a doctor will insert a catheter, inflate it to push the plaque to the sides of the arterial walls, and then place a mesh stent to keep the plaque against the arterial walls. The most common side effect of this is pain/soreness at the catheter injection site. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/treatment/con-20042884 http://www.patient.co.uk/health/coronary-angioplasty-leaflet# What to Add to Diet - Correct answer To prevent a stroke, one should eat plenty of fruits and vegetables. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/prevention/con-20042884 What to Remove from Diet - Correct answer To prevent a stroke, one should decrease the intake of saturated fats or cholesterol. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/prevention/con-20042884 Signs of Stroke - Correct answer To quickly see if someone is having a stroke, use the acronym FAST: F- Face; is it drooping? A- Arms; does one arm drop lower than the other when both are raised? S- Speech; is their speech slurred or strange? T-Time; if any of these signs are present, call 911 immediately. http://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/stroke/basics/symptoms/con-20042884 Time Is Crucial - Correct answer The more time that blood flow is restricted from the brain, the more brain damage is possibly, so it is crucial to act quickly. http://www.ninds.nih.gov/disorders/stroke/knowstroke.htm Fatality Rate - Correct answer It is estimated that about 130,000 Americans die from stroke every year. http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm Average Rate - Correct answer Approximately every 4 minutes, an American dies from a stroke. http://www.cdc.gov/stroke/facts.htm Cardin/o - Correct answer combining form meaning heart