Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Exam Questions and Answers, Exams of Agricultural engineering

Download Plant Nutrition and Fertilization Exam Questions and Answers and more Exams Agricultural engineering in PDF only on Docsity! Certified Crop Advisor with 200+ correct questions and answers Exam What is not an essential nutrient for plants? Na/sodium Which of the following plant nutrients is a cation in soils? potassium/K+ Which of the following is a macronutrient? Cu, S, Mg, B Sulfur Which element regulates stomatal openings in plants? Potassium, K Which nutrient is most immobile in soil? phosphate What is the chemical uptake form of nitrogen? NO3- What is the chemical uptake form of phosphorous? H2PO4- What is the chemical uptake form of potassium? k+ At which growth stage are nutrients in the greatest demand? vegatative Which of the following in a micronutrient? Cu, Ca, Mg, S Cu, Copper At which growth stage would you expect the highest demand for soil nutrients? mid-veg What is the least available source of nutrients? soil minerals If a nutrient is released into the soil during decomposition of an organic material what has occurred? mineralization When a plant nutrient is absorbed with water that is moving to and into the plant root, the nutrient uptake process is called ________. mass flow A major way calcium is supplied to plants is by _________. cation exchange Which of the following is more mobile in a flooded soil than in an upland soil? manganese 3 multiple choice options Which of the following structures would likely have the lowest soil fertility? sand Which of the following nutrient uptake mechanism is most important after a rainfall event? mass flow Which of the following is not needed for rapid nitrification to occur? nitrate Conditions which favor volatile losses of nitrogen? high temperature Denitrification is the conversion of ___________ gaseous forms like denitrogen and oxides of nitrogen? nitrate Symbiotic nitrogen fixation is the process where atmospheric nitrogen is converted to ammonia in the root nodules of? legumes A condition which favors symbiotic nitrogen fixation is? low soil nitrate What is the most common form of a potassium fertilizer ? KCl Which of the following Ca sources should not be used as a lime source? gypsum If a fertilizer is a 13-13-13 on an oxide basis, what is the analysis on an elemental basis? 13-5.7-10.8 How many lbs of 10-20-10 should be applied to an acre if the fertilizer recommendation is 26 lbs of P? 300 How many lbs of 10-20-10 should be applied to an acre if the fertilizer recommendation is 60 lbs of P205? 300 The portion of a fertilizer that easily dissolves in water is ______? water soluble Most of the P in biosolids is phosphate If a manure contains 1.9% P on a dry basis and is 60% solids, what is the "as is" (wet basis) P concentration? 1.1%, 1.9*.60=1.14 _______ is the common method used to apply fertilizers to pasture? top dress As soil pH decreases, ____ increases. hydrogen ion concentration Which of the kind of acidity is most important in determining lime rate? residual At which of the following soil PHs would phosphorous be most available for plant uptake? 6.8 3 multiple choice options Which of the following is more avaliable at a Ph of 7 than a Ph of 5. molybdenum 3 multiple choice options which of the following actually neutralizes soil acidity when lime is applied? CO3- 3 multiple choice options Which of the following is not used in determining a lime rec? exchangeable sodium % 3 multiple choice options Lime passing through which of the following mesh sizes would be of the greatest benefit in neutralizing soil acidity? 60 ECCE is the product of Effectiveness and ____________. calcium carbonate equivalence If the ECCE of a liming material is 65 and the lime recommendation for a state is based on a material with an ECCE of 80, how should lime rate be adjusted for the material with an ECCE of 65? 1.2 times rec Production history or level of management is a good way to determine __________. yield goals Which of the following loss pathways is of most concern for loss of nitrate N? leaching Which of the following loss pathways is of most concern for loss of phosphate from a recently tilled soil? erosion If P based recommendations are used for manure applications, ___________. supplemental N will be needed for a crop Which of the following is commonly used to make a P based rec? P Index The P index is used to determine whether or not a manure or biosolids application should be ________? P & N based Which of the following is not part of a nutrient mngmt plan? improve atmospheric conditions A comprehensive nutrient management plan should discuss? P movement to surface water Which of the following material reduces P availability in manures? alum Nutrient balances consider ________? all nutrient additions, all nutrient losses, adjustments of nutrient additions? The final step in a nutrient management plan is ____________. evaluation & adjustments Decreasing the amount of P in animal feed ___________ the amount of P applied to the environment? reduces Which of the following is negatively charged? anion 3 multiple choice options Cations are held on the CEC by ___________ charges on clay and organic matter. negative Which of the following clays contribute most to CEC if the same amount of each clay is present? montmorillonite 3 multiple choice options Potassium fixation occurs when which of the following clays is present in soil? increases, decreases Which of the following factors does not affect wind erosion? slope length The amount if soil that can be lost by erosion while crop production maintains economically for the long term is_____________? soil loss tolerance In most situations surface soil __________ will be lower after water erosion occurs? organic matter content Which of the following would be an acceptable conservation practice for a steep slope? terracing Maintaining surface residues on a soil will ________ surface soil warming in the Spring. retard Soil erosion potential is highest in which of the following? clean till Subsurface compaction from tillage usually starts __________. slightly below the depth of tillage Seedling emergence is hindered by: surface crusting Maintaining crop residues on the surface and ______ reduce surface compaction. light tillage __________ decreases odor and NH3 losses from biosolids? injection Which of the following increases soil water storage? precipitation Which of the following has the greatest impact on fillteration? surface soil texture Runoff decreases as ______ increases. surface residue Which of the following anions is most likely to leach? NO3- Which of the following pesticides would have the highest probability to move to groundwater? soluble, persistent Rapid water movement downward in large pores after a rain is called __________. preferential flow Soils with ______ soil structure will have the best internal drainage. blocky Organic solutes tend to move more slowly in soils as soil ________ content increases. organic matter A day when there is _____ probability of precipitation would be best for pesticide application to minimize pesticide losses in runoff. less P is transported by __________ from fields. runoff P transport from a field can be reduced by ___________. buffer strips Water moving horizontally in a field is called _______________. lateral flow max plant available water field capacity - wilting point Max ET generally occurs when atmospheric demand peaks Which of the following must exist for ET to occur? relative humidity gradient 3 multiple choice options Stomates regulate water losses from leaves by varying the ________ to water vapor movement from the leaf to the atmosphere. resistance to Excessive soil moisture usually _____________ nutrient uptake. decreases Limited soil moisture usually __________ nutrient uptake. decreases Irrigation method where water is applied at low volume. drip __________ are raised soil areas used to improve drainage. beds Which of the following characteristic of a poorly drained soil. anaerobic Which of the following pollutants in water is not generally attributed to agriculture. mercury Over application of P is often the result of using _______ fertilizer. animal manures Well water contamination from surface water can be prevented by using a casing Which of the following can cause eutrophication of surface water? P 3 multiple choice options A ____________ is specifically designed to improve ground water quality before ground water can move to a stream. Which pest is pictured? aphid What is commonly used to ID broadleaf weed seedlings? cotyledons What is commonly used to ID grass weed seedlings? ligules Produces seed every 2 years. biennial What can be found in air levels that can damage crops? PAN The economic threshold is the level of pest injury when pest control will prevent ___________ from being reached? economic injury level Natural enemies of pest can help __________ pest populations? decrease Cropping history of a field can be used to identify pest ________. hosts If a plant can exclude or overcome a disease it is considered? a. diverse b. susceptible c. resistant d. tolerant resistant A limitation of GM crops is _________. a. short stature b. high fertilizer needs c. lack of tolerance to wet soils d. lack of marketability in some countries lack of marketability _____ are used to maintain natural enemies of insect pests. refuges Which of the following is important in many disease mgmt programs? crop rotation 3 multiple choice options Which of the following is least likely to be used to control a pest? subsoiling Time during the season where the field should be kept free of weeds. critical weed free period Biological control agents that work best are ___________. not indigenous to the crop or area 3 multiple choice options Crop sensitivity to a pesticide can vary with ____. a. persistence b. resistance c. soil humidity d. crop growth stage crop growth stage Which of the following DOES NOT encourage pesticide resistance to develop? alternating different MOAs _________ pesticides exert their pesticidal action when placed on a plant. contact 3 multiple choice options Which of the following increases the possibility of genetic resistance developing in a pest? single gene inheritance of resistance Which of the following increases the potential for a non target crop injury? aerial application Which of the following is most important in herbicide carry over. degradation 3 multiple choice options Herbicides are usually most effective on...? Fast growing plants 3 multiple choice options IF a non-target crop has an albino appearance, it may have been sprayed with? HPPD/pigment inhibitor It is important to consider _________ when applying herbicides to resistant crops. drift Which of the following insecticides are most persistent in the soil? pyrethroids Which insecticide targets insect eggs? ovicidal _____ fungicides are absorbed by the plant and distributed internally to prevent disease infection or kill the pathogen without harming the plant? systemic _______ fungicides are designed to kill specific pests. narrow spectrum genes from another organism, altered genes from the same species, transformed genes What is a characteristics of a well designed field trial? replicated strips 3 multiple choice options Seed quality is usually highest if the seed is stored....? in low temps and humidity Which of the following is not usually found on a seed info tag? seed size What is a common limitation of seed treatment? cost 3 multiple choice options In the standard germination test, viable seeds germinate 3 multiple choice options If pure seed content is 90% and germination is 90% what is the % PLS? 81% If % pure live seed is 80% and the recommended seeding rate is 80lbs per acre, what adjusted seeding rate should be used? a. 100lbs per acre b. 64 lbs per acre c. 80 lbs per acre d. 88 lbs per acre 100 lbs per acre What would most likely decrease germination % ? dry soil 3 multiple choice options Which of the following is not used to determine planting depth? soil texture with depth 3 multiple choice options Which of the following factors is usually most important in determining when to plant? soil moisture 3 multiple choice options Which of the following is most likely the result of planting a summer crop too early? reduced germination 3 multiple choice options Which of the following would most likely lead to a reduced seedling rate? optimum soil moisture 3 multiple choice options If you could 10 plants in a 5 sq ft section in multiple points in the field, what is the approximate plant population? 85000 plants per acre Seeding rate is __ plant population. always more than The crop growth stage where roots, stems, and leaves develop is ____________. vegetative Growing degree days are not particularly useful in deciding when to _________. irrigate 3 multiple choice options If the base temp is 60 degrees and the daily temp is 80 and the max temp is 95 how many heat units have accumulated? 20 In many crops night temps are important in triggering _______________. flowering 3 multiple choice options The growing point of a grass is _. a. leaf tip b. root tip c. flower d. intercalary meristem meristem The optimum temperature for crop growth and development ________ with crop growth stage. changes Water needs of a crop typically increase during the season to maximum, followed by ____________. a. a second increase at harvest b. a level period until harvest c. a decline to harvest d. rainfall a decline to harvest Which of the following accelerates canopy closure narrow rows A plant that lives many years perennial Crop root growth can be affected by _______. a. diseases b. insects c. acid soil d. all of the above D Which root system concentrates nutrient uptake in surface soil fibrous A crop should be replanted when stand is lost due to some stress when economically justifiable When diagnosing a crop production problem you should....?