Understanding Genetics: Genes, Transcription, and Translation, Quizzes of Biology

Download Understanding Genetics: Genes, Transcription, and Translation and more Quizzes Biology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 At what 2 levels do genes function? DEFINITION 1 At the level of traits (what's visible), and on the molecular level. TERM 2 Genes DEFINITION 2 Sequence of DNA that contains all of the information to make an organism. Also tells the body which order to build proteins via RNA TERM 3 Structural Genes DEFINITION 3 Codes for polypeptides TERM 4 Polypeptide DEFINITION 4 Short polymers of amino acids linked by peptide bonds. It still needs to fold into its conformational shape. These guys eventually become the proteins that build us. One little mistake in that sequence can lead to disease. TERM 5 Non-structural genes DEFINITION 5 Codes for transfer RNA and ribosomal RNA TERM 6 Promoter DEFINITION 6 Where the gene begins and mRNA starts to bind TERM 7 mRNA DEFINITION 7 A single stranded copy of DNA TERM 8 What are the stages of transcription and translation? DEFINITION 8 1. Initiation2. Elongation3. Termination TERM 9 Initiation (transcription) DEFINITION 9 RNA polymeraserecognizesthe promoter region of DNA TERM 10 Elongation (transcription) DEFINITION 10 RNA polymerase starts making mRNA. It just copies one strand, going '5 to '3. TERM 21 Initiation (translation) DEFINITION 21 When the subunits of the ribosome, mRNA, and first tRNA get together. TERM 22 Elongation (translation) DEFINITION 22 The ribosome actually starts reading the mRNA codons and building the polypeptide chain. TERM 23 Termination (translation) DEFINITION 23 Once the ribosome reaches the stop codon, translation stops, and it all breaks apart TERM 24 What are the binding gates on a ribosome called? DEFINITION 24 (A)minoacyl Site(P)eptidyl Site(E)xit SiteIt flows from A to E TERM 25 Release factor DEFINITION 25 A protein that tells the ribosome to stop translating. Everything breaks apart