Geology Terms: Mass Movements, Drainage Patterns, and Seawater Properties, Quizzes of Geology

Download Geology Terms: Mass Movements, Drainage Patterns, and Seawater Properties and more Quizzes Geology in PDF only on Docsity! TERM 1 which type of mass movement is caused by permafrost? DEFINITION 1 soilfluction TERM 2 what causes creep on hillsides in temperate latitudes? DEFINITION 2 freeze thaw cycle TERM 3 which type of mass movement usually has a head scarp and a curved glide horizon? DEFINITION 3 slump TERM 4 what type of mudflow is composed primarily of volcanic ash and water? DEFINITION 4 lahar TERM 5 what is an avalanche chute? DEFINITION 5 A downslope hillside pathway along which avalanches repeatedly fall, consequently clearing the pathway for mature trees TERM 6 what is talus? DEFINITION 6 an apron of debris at the base of the cliff TERM 7 what is turbidite? DEFINITION 7 deposits of clastic sediments with graded bedding ften found at the mouths of submarine canyons TERM 8 name one area where the coastline is most likely to slump into the sea DEFINITION 8 southeastern part in Hawaii TERM 9 which type of drainage pattern would be expected to develop around a volcano? DEFINITION 9 radial (results from conical topography) TERM 10 water gaps are indicative of what type of stream? DEFINITION 10 superposed TERM 21 what do wind gaps indicate, in terms of drainage pattern? DEFINITION 21 stream has been captured by another stream; dry wind gaps show where the captured streams once flowed TERM 22 what are the main characteristics of passive continental margins? DEFINITION 22 continental shelf, continental slope, and continental rise TERM 23 what is the steepest part of a passive continental margin? DEFINITION 23 continental slope TERM 24 what is the approx. average percentage of dissolved salt in seawater? DEFINITION 24 3.5% TERM 25 where is shallow seawater the most saline? DEFINITION 25 areas with high evaporation and little rainfall (Rea Sea, Persian Gulf) TERM 26 which region has the smallest variation of seawater temp as a function of depth? DEFINITION 26 polar regions TERM 27 the Coriolis effect deflects wind and ocean currents in which direction? DEFINITION 27 deoends on the hemisphere; southern left, northern right TERM 28 what drives shallow ocean currents? DEFINITION 28 wind direction TERM 29 why is thermohaline circulation important? DEFINITION 29 circulation of current is caused by temperature TERM 30 what are spring tides? DEFINITION 30 especially high tide that occurs when the Sun is on the same side of the Earth as the Moon TERM 31 what causes the tides? DEFINITION 31 3 main bodies: earth, sun, and moon.the gravitational attraction and centrifugal force TERM 32 what are longshore currents? DEFINITION 32 the flow of water parallel to the shore just off a coast, because of the diagonal movement of waves toward the shore TERM 33 where does erosion take place on shore lines? DEFINITION 33 irregular coastlines; head waters TERM 34 What is a lagoon? DEFINITION 34 the water between a barrier island and the mainland TERM 35 what causes sea caves? DEFINITION 35 erosion on a head land, wave refraction TERM 46 the center of circulation of a mid-latitude wave cyclone is a region of what type of pressure? DEFINITION 46 low pressure TERM 47 surface winds associated with a wave-cyclone in the northern hemisphere circulate which way DEFINITION 47 counterclockwise TERM 48 which clouds form at the highest altitudes? DEFINITION 48 cirrus TERM 49 which clouds are associated with thunderstorms? DEFINITION 49 cumulonimbus TERM 50 if the lower part of a thunderhead cloud is negatively charged, what happens in the ground? DEFINITION 50 electrical inductioncloud negative = positive charge on ground TERM 51 which area has the most tornadoes on an average basis? DEFINITION 51 central/southern USA TERM 52 when hurricanes in the carribean reach 30N latitude, what usually happens? DEFINITION 52 goes North East TERM 53 what is typhoon? DEFINITION 53 hurricane in North West pacific TERM 54 what is a monsoon? DEFINITION 54 change in prevailing wind direction, seasonal change TERM 55 who developed the science of glaciology? DEFINITION 55 Luiz Agassiz TERM 56 where are continental glaciers found? DEFINITION 56 Antarctica and Greenland TERM 57 where are wet-bottom glaciers found? DEFINITION 57 mountain glaciers TERM 58 how did great salt lake form? DEFINITION 58 plystocene lake TERM 59 what is a glacial erratic? DEFINITION 59 cobble/boulder transported by glacier TERM 60 what is glacial rebound? DEFINITION 60 process by which the surface of a continent rises back up after an overlying continental ice sheet mets away and the weight of the ice is removed